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Bio 11 2 Lecture LE Mock Exam October 2015

True or False (8 pts.)

Each item for this test consists of two related statements. Write:
A. If statement I is correct or true
B. If statement II is correct or true
C. If both statements are correct or true
D. If both statements are incorrect or false

1. I. Water and minerals enter the stele via apoplast, but tracheids and vessels are parts of
the symplast.
II. Water and minerals enter into the stele through the cells of the endodermis.
2. I. Root hairs are normally most numerous at the region of cell elongation.
II. The protoderm which is an undifferentiated epidermis can be found in a region where
most absorption of water occurs.
3. I. Differentiation reflects the synthesis of different proteins in different types of cells
within the same individual.
II. The type of mature cell that a particular embryonic plant cell will become is
determined by the selective loss of genes.
4. I. The zone of cell maturation includes the apical meristems and its derivatives, the
primary meristems.
II. The zone of active cell division is farthest from the root cap.
5. I. The cell walls of the tracheids are greatly strengthened with cellulose fibrils forming
thickened rings or spirals.
II. Xylem tracheids and vessels fulfil their vital function only after their death.
6. I. Possession of xylem vessels and resin ducts are features of a pine stem.
II. Scattered vascular bundles and possession of xylem tracheids are characteristics of a
corn stem.
7. I. Secondary growth adds newer xylem elements each year.
II. All plants undergo secondary growth.
8. I. The loss of one water molecule through transpiration creates a certain tension
between the water molecules that also affects the water molecules in the soil.
II. The upward flow of xylem sap supplies minerals to the shoots and replaces water lost
by transpiration.

Analogy (7 pts.)

1. Tracheids and vessels : corn stem :: ________ : pine stem

2. Root hair : epidermis :: lateral root : ________
3. Stoma : epidermis :: lenticel : ________
4. Pericyle : procambium :: ________ :: ground meristem
5. Vascular cambium : lateral growth :: ________ :: vertical growth
6. Petiole : Coleus blumei :: ________ :: Zea mays
7. Aerenchyma : parenchyma :: ________ : sclerencyhma

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Bio 11 2 Lecture LE Mock Exam October 2015

Fill in the blanks (20 pts.)

WORD BANK
A. Apical meristem H. Ground meristem O. Starch
B. Fibrous I. Procambium P. Tension
C. Adventitious J. Photosynthesis Q. Xylem
D. Epidermis K. Root R. Taproot
E. Cohesion L. Sucrose S. Water
F. Parenchyma M. Radical T. Transpiration
G. Protoderm N. Stele

When you germinate a seed, the first organ that emerges is the ____1_____ which is derived
from the ____2___ _ of the plant embryo. In monocot plants, the primary root is short-lived; in its
place numerous ____3_____ roots arise from the stem of the young plant. Such roots and their
branches are somewhat alike in length and diameter and form a ____4_____ root system. In
some dicot plants like carrots and radishes, this (referring to #1) develops into the ____5_____
of a root system which contains a considerable amount of ____6_____ cells. At the tip of #1 are
groups of undifferentiated cells referred to as ____7_____. When these new cells (referring #7)
change in size and shape, three primary meristems are formed: the ____8_____ which
becomes the superficial layer called ____9_____; the innermost region is the ____10_____
which gives rise to the ____11_____; and, between #8 and #10 is the ____12_____.

Sucrose and other organic compounds resulting from ____13_____ are used throughout the
plant. Most plant cells their carbohydrates as ____14_____. Specific chemical reactions within
plant cells, such as hydrolysis, convert storage forms of organic compounds to their subunits,
which are transposable forms. For example, the hydrolysis of starch liberates glucose units,
which combine with fructose to form ____15_____.

The cohesion-tension theory explains ____16_____ transport to the tops of plants. This
(referring to #16) travels inside tube-like strands of ____17_____, which are formed by hollow,
dead cells. The pressure begins with the drying power of air, which causes ____18_____.
_____19_____ of hydrogen-bonded water molecules in the xylem of roots, stems and leaves
provides a continuous column of water. This places the xylem water in a state of ____20_____
that extends from veins in leaves down through the stems to roots. As water continues to
escape from plant surfaces, water enters the roots to replace that which is lost.

Multiple Choice (35 pts.)

a. Indicate during which developmental stage the cell types and tissues are formed
A. Primary growth
B. Secondary growth
C. Both primary and secondary growth
D. Neither primary not secondary growth
1. Annular tracheid
2. Protoderm

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Bio 11 2 Lecture LE Mock Exam October 2015

3. Cork cambium
4. Vascular cambium
5. Companion cell

6. Which cells are no longer capable of carrying out the process of DNA transcription?
A. Tracheids
B. Meristematic cells
C. Mature mesophyll cells
D. Glandular cells
E. Companion cells

7. Carbon dioxide enters the inner spaces of the leaf through the ________
A. Cuticle
B. Phloem
C. Epidermal trichomes
D. Walls of guard cells
E. Stoma

8. Which of the following cells transport sugars over long distances?

A. Parenchyma cells
B. Sieve-tube elements
C. Collenchymas cells
D. Tracheids and vessel elements
E. Sclerencchyma cells

9. Which of the following are most responsible for supporting mature, nongrowing parts of
the plant?
A. Parenchyma cells
B. Tracheids and vessel elements
C. Collenchymas cells
D. Sieve-tube elements
E. Trichomes

10. The main absorbing organ of the plant is the root. It can carry out this function because
A. The epidermal cells are cutinized
B. Conducting tissues are abundant
C. Pith is present
D. A root cap is present
E. The absorbing surface is large enough due to numerous root hairs

11. A tree will die slowly if it is girdled, meaning that a ringlike cut has been made all the way
around the trunk to a depth just below the bark. The cause of death is mainly
A. Destruction of the cork cambium
B. Destruction of the procambium
C. Destruction of the plant’s ability to continue primary growth
D. The killing of the bark cells

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Bio 11 2 Lecture LE Mock Exam October 2015

E. Destruction of the axillary buds

12. One important difference between the anatomy of roots and the anatomy of leaves is
that
A. Only leaves have phloem and only roots have xylem
B. Root cells have cell walls and leaf cells do not
C. A waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from roots
D. Vascular tissue is found in roots but is absent from leaves
E. Leaves have epidermal tissue but roots do not

13. Which part of the plant absorbs most of the water and minerals taken up from the soil?
A. Taproots
B. Root hairs
C. The thick parts of the roots near the base of the stem
D. Storage roots
E. Sections of the root that have secondary xylem

14. Which of the following best describes advantages conferred by compound leaves versus
simple leaves?
A. There’s a greater chance of capturing photons in intermittently shady areas
B. There is less chance of damage in high-wind areas
C. There’s a reduced chance of herbivory
D. There is less surface area for water loss
E. There’s a chance of capturing photons in intermittently shady areas and less
chance of damage in high-wind areas

15. Which cells in a root form a protective barrier to the vascular system where all materials
must move through the symplast
A. Pericyle
B. Exodermis
C. Endodermis
D. Epidermis
E. Cortex

16. A fellow student brought in a leaf to be examined. The leaf was dark green, thin, had
stoma on the lower surface only, and had a total surface area of 10 square meters.
Where is the most likely environment where this leaf was growing
A. A dry, sandy region
B. A tropical rainforest
C. The floor of a deciduous forest
D. A large, still pond
E. An oasis within a grassland

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Bio 11 2 Lecture LE Mock Exam October 2015

17. Several tomato plants are growing in a small garden plot. If soil water potential were to
drop significantly on a hot summer afternoon, which of the following would be most likely
to occur?
A. The protein gradient would dissipate
B. The leaves would become more turgid
C. The uptake of CO2 would be enhanced
D. Transpiration would increase
E. Stomatal apertures would decrease

18. A water molecule could move all the way through a plant from soil to root to lead to air
and pass through a living cell only once. This living cell would be a part of which
structure?
A. The Casparian strip
B. The endodermis
C. A guard cell
D. The root cortex
E. The root epidermis

19. Which of the following is correct statement about sugar movement in phloem?
A. Diffusion can account for the observed rates of transport
B. Movement can occur both upward and downward in the plant
C. Sugar is translocated from sinks to sources
D. Only phloem cells with nuclei can perform sugar movement
E. Sugar transport does not require energy

20. Which of the following is true statement?

A. Flowers may have secondary growth
B. Secondary growth is a common feature of dicot leaves
C. Secondary growth is produced by both the vascular cambium and the cork
cambium
D. Primary growth and secondary growth alternate in the life cycle of a plant
E. Plants with secondary growth are typically the smallest ones in an ecosystem

21. The root apical meristem differs from the stem apical meristem in that it
A. Gives rise to the procambium
B. Produces a root cap
C. Is found at the region of cell formation
D. Is covered with leaf primordia
E. Has a high rate of mitotic activity

22. In plant roots, the Casparian strip is correctly described by which of the following?
A. It aids in the uptake of nutrients
B. It provides energy for the active transport of minerals into the stele from the
cortex
C. It ensures that all minerals are absorbed from the soil in equal amounts

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Bio 11 2 Lecture LE Mock Exam October 2015

D. It ensures that all water and dissolved substances must pass through a cell
membrane before entering the stele
E. It provides increased surface area for the absorption of mineral nutrients

23. If you were able to walk into an opening cut into the centre of a large redwood tree,
when you exit from the middle of the trunk (stem) outward, you would cross, in order,
A. The annual rings  new xylem  vascular cambium  phloem  periderm
B. The secondary xylem  cork cambium  phloem  periderm
C. The vascular cambium  oldest xylem  newest xylem
D. The secondary xylem  secondary phloem  vascular cambium
E. The summer wood  periderm  phloem

24. Which of the following have unevenly thickened primary walls that support young,
growing parts of the plant?
A. Parenchyma cells
B. Collenchymas cells
C. Sclerenchyma cells
D. Tracheids and vessel elements
E. Sieve-tube elements

25. The vascular bundle in the shape of a single central cylinder in a root is called the
A. Cortex
B. Stele
C. Endodermis
D. Periderm
E. Pith

26. Compared to most animals, the growth of most plants is best described as
A. Perennial
B. Weedy
C. Indeterminate
D. Derivative
E. Primary

27. Plants contain meristems whose major function is to

A. Attract pollinators
B. Absorb ions
C. Photosynthesize
D. Produce more cells
E. Produce flowers

28. The driving force that pushes the root tip through the soil is primarily
A. Continuous cell division in the root cap at the tip of the root
B. Continuous cell division just behind the root cap in the centre of the apical
meristem
C. Elongation of cells behind the root apical meristem

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Bio 11 2 Lecture LE Mock Exam October 2015

D. The elongation of root hairs

E. Continuous cell division of root cap cells

29. Axillary buds

A. Are initiated by the cork cambium
B. Have dormant meristematic cells
C. Are composed of a series of internodes lacking nodes
D. Grow immediately into shoot branches
E. Do not form a vascular connection with the primary shoot

30. Which of the following is incorrectly paired with its structure and function?
A. Sclerenchyma - supporting cells with thick secondary walls
B. Periderm - protective coat of woody stems and roots
C. Pericycle - waterproof ring of cells surrounding the central stele in roots
D. Mesophyll - parenchyma cells functioning in photosynthesis in leaves
E. Ground meristem - primary meristem that produces the ground tissue system

31. Which of the following root tissues gives rise to lateral roots?
A. Endodermis
B. Phloem
C. Cortex
D. Epidermis
E. Pericycle

32. Pores on the leaf surface that function in gas exchange are called
A. Hairs
B. Xylem cells
C. Phloem cells
D. Stomata
E. Sclereids

33. All of the following cell types are correctly matched with their functions except
A. Mesophyll – photosynthesis
B. Guard cell – regulation of transpiration
C. Sieve-tube member – translocation
D. Vessel element – water transport
E. Companion cell – formation of secondary xylem and phloem

34. Which of the following cells or tissues arise from lateral meristem activity?
A. Secondary xylem
B. Leaves
C. Trichomes
D. Tubers
E. Cortex

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Bio 11 2 Lecture LE Mock Exam October 2015

35. What tissues make up most of the wood of a tree?

A. Primary xylem
B. Secondary xylem
C. Secondary phloem
D. Mesophyll cells
E. Vascular cambium

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