Acknowledgement: Rekha Barker 2TG16EC412
Acknowledgement: Rekha Barker 2TG16EC412
First and foremost, I offer our sincere phrases of thanks with innate humility to
our Principal Dr. M.M.Awati who has been a constant source of support and
encouragement.
I feel deeply indebted to our H.O.D Prof.Sujata Bavikatti for the right help
provided from the time of inception till date.
Last but not least, I would like to thank my parents, friends & well-wishers who
have helped me in this work.
REKHA BARKER
2TG16EC412
ABSTRACT
Endoscopy is part of the medical terminology which refers to looking inside the body for
medical reasons using an endoscope, an instrument used to examine the interior of a
hollow organ or cavity of the body. Endoscopes usually use a rigid or flexible fiber optic
tube with a video camera at the end which is inserted directly into the organ. For
examining the inside lining of the digestive tract and for early imaging of the intestine to
prevent disease, gastrointestinal endoscopy (GI) is used. The insertion of the long narrow
endoscopic tube may produce discomfort to the patient and there may also be the problem
of the endoscopic tube facing difficulty in imaging areas that are hard to reach. As it is
rightly necessary said, “Necessity is the mother of invention”, the discomfort caused by
the patient during long hours of examination and the failure of the endoscope to capture
images of the deeper regions of the intestine made way for the invention of a tubeless
device carrying a miniaturized video camera, is equipped with a tracking device and is the
size of a pill, thereby making it easy to swallow. While this imaging pill is moved through
the gastrointestinal tract by the natural action of the intestinal muscles, it transmits images
to a recorder carried on a belt worn by the
patient. About the size of a large vitamin, the capsule is made of a specially sealed
biocompatible material that is resistant to stomach acid and powerful digestive enzymes.
Patients swallow the capsule in the morning and wear the recording device for 8 hours.
The capsule is naturally excreted after 8-72 hours. Thus the „pill-camera‟ as we can
rightly call the miniaturized pill-size biotracking device is an excellent replacement for
the endoscope citing the need for comfort and for accurate imaging of the digestive tract
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 What is capsule endoscopy?