Scribd
Upload
2K views

1.1.1.9 Lab - Mapping The Internet

lab

Uploaded by

Rachel Bartram
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2K views

1.1.1.9 Lab - Mapping The Internet

lab

Uploaded by

Rachel Bartram
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Lab - Mapping the Internet

Objectives
Part 1: Determine Network Connectivity to a Destination Host
Part 2: Trace a Route to a Remote Server Using Tracert

Background / Scenario
Route tracing computer software lists the networks that data traverses from the user’s originating end device
to a distant destination device.
This network tool is typically executed at the command line as:
tracert <destination network name or end device address>
(Microsoft Windows systems)
or
traceroute <destination network name or end device address>
(UNIX, Linux systems, and Cisco devices, such as switches and routers)
Both tracert and traceroute determine the route taken by packets across an IP network.
The tracert (or traceroute) tool is often used for network troubleshooting. By showing a list of routers
traversed, the user can identify the path taken to reach a particular destination on the network or across
internetworks. Each router represents a point where one network connects to another network and through
which the data packet was forwarded. The number of routers is known as the number of hops the data
traveled from source to destination.
The displayed list can help identify data flow problems when trying to access a service such as a website. It
can also be useful when performing tasks, such as downloading data. If there are multiple websites (mirrors)
available for the same data file, one can trace each mirror to get a good idea of which mirror would be the
fastest to use.
Command-line based route tracing tools are usually embedded with the operating system of the end device.
This activity should be performed on a computer that has Internet access and access to a command line.

Required Resources
PC with Internet access

Part 1: Determine Network Connectivity to a Destination Host


To trace the route to a distant network, the PC used must have a working connection to the Internet. Use the
ping command to test whether a host is reachable. Packets of information are sent to the remote host with
instructions to reply. Your local PC measures whether a response is received to each packet, and how long it
takes for those packets to cross the network.

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public. Page 1 of 3
Lab - Mapping the Internet

a. At the command-line prompt, type ping www.cisco.com to determine if it is reachable.

b. Now ping one of the Regional Internet Registry (RIR) websites located in different parts of the world to
determine if it is reachable:
Africa: www.afrinic.net
Australia: www.apnic.net
South America: www.lacnic.net
North America: www.arin.net
Note: At the time of writing, the European RIR www.ripe.net does not reply to ICMP echo requests.
The website you selected will be used in Part 2 for use with the tracert command.

Part 2: Trace a Route to a Remote Server Using Tracert


After you determine if your chosen websites are reachable by using ping, you will use tracert to determine
the path to reach the remote server. It is helpful to look more closely at each network segment that is crossed.
Each hop in the tracert results displays the routes that the packets take when traveling to the final
destination. The PC sends three ICMP echo request packets to the remote host. Each router in the path
decrements the time to live (TTL) value by 1 before passing it onto the next system. When the decremented
TTL value reaches 0, the router sends an ICMP Time Exceeded message back to the source with its IP
address and the current time. When the final destination is reached, an ICMP echo reply is sent to the source
host.
For example, the source host sends three ICMP echo request packets to the first hop (192.168.1.1) with the
TTL value of 1. When the router 192.168.1.1 receives the echo request packets, it decrements the TTL value
to 0. The router sends an ICMP Time Exceeded message back to the source. This process continues until the
source hosts sends the last three ICMP echo request packets with TTL values of 8 (hop number 8 in the
output below), which is the final destination. After the ICMP echo request packets arrive at the final
destination, the router responds to the source with ICMP echo replies.
For hops 2 and 3, these IP addresses are private addresses. These routers are the typical setup for point-of-
presence (POP) of ISP. The POP devices connect users to an ISP network.
A web-based whois tool is found at http://whois.domaintools.com/. It is used to determine the domains
traveled from the source to destination.
a. At the command-line prompt, trace the route to www.cisco.com. Save the tracert output in a text file.
Alternatively, you can redirect the output to a text file by using > or >>.
C:\Users\User1> tracert www.cisco.com
or

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public. Page 2 of 3
Lab - Mapping the Internet

C:\Users\User1> tracert www.cisco.com > tracert-cisco.txt

Tracing route to e144.dscb.akamaiedge.net [23.67.208.170]


over a maximum of 30 hops:

1 1 ms <1 ms <1 ms 192.168.1.1


2 14 ms 7 ms 7 ms 10.39.0.1
3 10 ms 8 ms 7 ms 172.21.0.118
4 11 ms 11 ms 11 ms 70.169.73.196
5 10 ms 9 ms 11 ms 70.169.75.157
6 60 ms 49 ms * 68.1.2.109
7 43 ms 39 ms 38 ms Equinix-DFW2.netarch.akamai.com [206.223.118.102]
8 33 ms 35 ms 33 ms a23-67-208-170.deploy.akamaitechnologies.com
[23.67.208.170]

Trace complete.
b. The web-based tool at http://whois.domaintools.com/ can be used to determine the owners of both the
resulting IP address and domain names shown in the tracert tools output. Now perform a tracert to one of
RIR web sites from Part 1 and save the results.
Africa: www.afrinic.net
Australia: www.apnic.net
Europe: www.ripe.net
South America: www.lacnic.net
North America: www.arin.net
List the domains below from your tracert results using the web-based whois tool.
Charter, Equinix
c. Compare the lists of domains crossed to reach the final destinations.

Reflection
What can affect tracert results?
How many hops it has to make to get to the destination

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public. Page 3 of 3

You might also like