PROJECT: 110.

4 MW DNPUCL HFO POWER PLANT

EARTHING DESIGN CALCULATIONS ACCORDING TO IEEE Std 80

CLIENT: MAGNUS POWER PVT LTD

PROJECT: 110.4 MW DNPUCL HFO POWER PLANT
DOCUMENT : SWITCHYARD EARTHING DESIGN CALCULATIONS
DOCUMENT NO. / REV. / DATE : 4-2638-ELEC-013 / REV.01 / 26.05.2016

1.Nomenclature

S.no. Description Symbol Unit

1 Soil resistivity ρ Ω-m
2 Surface gravel layer (crushed rock) resistivity ρs Ω-m
3 Symmetrical fault current in a substation If A
4 Total area enclosed by ground grid A m2
5 Surface layer derating factor Cs No unit
6 Diameter of the grid conductor d m
7 Spacing between parallel conductors D m
8 Attainable touch voltage Em V
9 Attainable step voltage Es V
10 Tolerable step voltage for human with 50 kg body weight Estep50 V
11 Tolerable touch voltage for human with 50 kg body weight Etouch50 V
12 Tolerable step voltage for human with 70 kg body weight Estep70 V
13 Tolerable touch voltage for human with 70 kg body weight Etouch70 V
14 Depth of ground grid conductors h m
15 Surface gravel layer thickness hs m
16 Maximum grid current that flows between ground grid and IG A
surrounding earth
17 Symmetrical grid current Ig A
18 Corrective weighting factor that emphasizes the effects of grid Kh No unit
depth
19 Corrective factor for grid geometry Ki No unit
20 Corrctive weighting factor that adjusts for the effects of inner Kii No unit
conductors on the corner mesh
21 Spacing factor for mesh voltage Km No unit
22 Spacing factor for step voltage Ks No unit
23 Total length of grid conductor Lc m
24 Peripheral length of the grid Lp m
25 Effective length of Lc + LR for mesh voltage LM m
26 Total length of ground rods LR m
27 Length of ground rod at each location Lr m
28 Effective length of Lc + LR for step voltage LS m
29 Total effective length of grounding system conductor, LT m
including grid and ground rods
30 Maximum length of grid conductor in x - direction Lx m
31 Maximum length of grid conductor in y - direction Ly m
32 Geometric factor composed of factors na, nb, nc, and nd n No unit
33 Number of rods placed in area A nR No unit
34 Resistance of grounding system Rg Ω
35 Fault current division factor(split factor) Sf No unit
36 Duration of fault for sizing ground conductor tc s
37 Duration of shock for determining allowable body current ts s
38 Maximum distance between any two points on the grid Dm m

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 PROJECT: 110.4 MW DNPUCL HFO POWER PLANT

2. Input parameters

1 Symmetrical fault current in substation for conductor sizing If 40 kA

2 Time duration for sizing earth mat conductor tc 1 s

3 Fault current diversion factor Sf 0.6 No unit

3 Duration of shock for determining allowable body current ts 0.3 s

4 Surface layer resistivity ρs 3000.0 Ω-m

5 Surface layer thickness hs 0.15 m

6 Soil resistivity(Refer Earth resistivity calculations) ρ 20.0 Ω-m

7 Depth of ground grid conductors h 0.6 m

8 Number of rods placed in area A nR 30 No unit

9 Length of each ground rod Lr 3 m

10 Arrangement of ground rod in grid Along the perimeter (Foundation Pile)

11 Maximum length in X - direction L 80.6 m

12 Maximum length in Y - direction W 54.5 m

13 Spacing between parallel conductors D 10 m

3. Ampacity calculation

1 Type of conductor COPPER, SOFT DRAWN

2 Reference temperature for material constants Tr 20 ºC
3 Thermal coefficient of resistivity at reference temperature T r αr 0.00393 / ºC
4 Maximum allowable temperature Tm 1083 ºC
5 Ambient temperature Ta 35 ºC
6 Resistivity of the ground conductor at reference temperature at ρr 1.72 μΩ -cm
Tr
7 Thermal capacity per unit volume TCAP 3.42 J/(cm3 -ºC)
8 Ko = (1/αr) - Tr Ko = 234.45293 No unit
9 Minimum conductor cross section area required:

Amm2 = I*(1/sqrt((TCAP*10^-4/tc*αr*ρr)*ln(K0+Tm/K0+Ta)) Amm2= 141.15963 mm2

Cross section of selected condutor = 177.5 mm2
Diameter of conductor/Equivalent diameter in case of FLAT d = 0.0150371 m
conductor
Dimension of conductor (In case of FLAT conductor) = 50 X 6 mm
Calculations for tolerable touch and step potential:
Formula used:
Etouch50=((1000+1.5*Cs*ρs)*0.116)/sqrt(ts)

Estep50=((1000+6*Cs*ρs)*0.116)/sqrt(ts)

The reduction factor (de-rating factor) Cs can be calculated by the

equation:
If no protective surface layer is used, then Cs =1 & ρs =ρ
Cs = 1-((0.09*(1-ρ/ρs))/(2*hs+0.09)) Cs = 0.7707692 No unit

The tolerable touch and step voltages are,

Etouch50=((1000+1.5*Cs*ρs)*0.116)/sqrt(ts) Etouch50= 946.35784 V

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 PROJECT: 110.4 MW DNPUCL HFO POWER PLANT

Estep50=((1000+6*Cs*ρs)*0.116)/sqrt(ts) Estep50 = 3150.0732 V

4. Grid configuration

Number of conductor along the lengthwise NL 9.056 No unit

NL 10 No unit
Number of conductor along the widthwise NW 7 No unit
Total area enclosed by ground grid A 4388.1032 m2
Total length of grid conductor Lc 1187.5 m
Peripheral length of the grid Lp 270.2 m
Total length of ground rods LR 90 m
Total effective length of grounding system conductor, LT 1277.5 m
including grid and ground rods(LT = Lc+LR)
5. Determination of Grid resistanse

Rg=ρ*((1/LT)+((1/sqrt (20*A))*(1+(1/1+(h*sqrt (20/A))))) Rg = 0.14805 Ω

6. Calculation of attainable step and touch voltage

Formula used:
Em=ρ*IG*Km*Ki/LM
Es=ρ*IG*Ks*Ki/Ls
IG = S f * I f IG = 24 kA
Km = 1/2*3.14(ln((D2/16*h*d)+((D+2*h)2/8*D*d)-(h/4*d))+
((Kii/Kh)ln(8/3.14*(2*n-1)))
For grids with ground rods along the perimeter and throughout the
grid area.
Kii = 1 No unit
Kh = sqrt(1+(h/h0))
h0 = 1m (grid reference depth) h0 = 1 m
n=na*nb*nc*nd
na = 2*LC/Lp na = 8.7897853 No unit

nb = sqrt(Lp/4*sqrt(A)) nb = 1.0098188 No unit

nc = 1 for square and rectangular grids nc = 1 No unit

nd =1 for square,rectangular and L-shaped grids nd = 1 No unit

n=na*nb*nc*nd n = 8.8760908 No unit

Kh = sqrt(1+(h/h0)) Kh = 1.2649111 No unit

Km = 1/2*3.14(ln((D2/16*h*d)+((D+2*h)2/8*D*d)-(h/4*d))+
((Kii/Kh)ln(8/3.14*(2*n-1))) Km = 0.8324904

Ki = 0.644+0.148*n Ki = 1.9576614 No unit

LM = Lc+(1.55+1.22*(Lr/sqrt(Lx^2+Ly^2)))*LR LM = 1330.3855 m

Em = ρ*IG*Km*Ki/LM Em = 588.00433 V

Ks = 1/3.14((1/2*h)+(1/D+h)+((1/D)*(1-0.5n-2))) Ks = 0.3270133 No unit

Ls = (0.75*Lc)+(0.85*LR) Ls = 967.125 m

Es=ρ*IG*Ks*Ki/Ls Es = 317.73246 V

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 PROJECT: 110.4 MW DNPUCL HFO POWER PLANT

7. Safety check

For the safe earthing design, Attainable Step & Touch voltages
should be less than the Tolerable values respectively.
Attainable Tolerable
Touch Voltage in V 588.0043 946.35784369
Step Voltage in V 317.7325 3150.0732081

The Attainable touch & Step voltage is well below the

Tolerable limit. Hence the design is safe.

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EARTH RESISTIVITY CALCULATIONS

Average Resistivity,
DIRECTION ohm-m
ERT - 02
Avg N-S 2454.98
Avg E-W 2198.25
Average Resistivity,
ohm-m 2326.615

ρ = 2326.615 Ω-m
2326.615 Ω-m

Note: - 1. Earth Resistivity values are taken from GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT furnished by
MAGNUS POWER PVT LTD.

2. Bentonite treatment has been recommended since the soil resistivity is on very higher side. Hence the
earthing design shall be carried out by considering soil resistivity of 20 Ω - m instead of 2326.615 Ω - m.
DOC: Earthing grid configuration

GROUND GRID CONFIGURATION:

54.47 m

80.56 m

10

Average spacing D= 10 m

No of conductors along lengthwise = 9.056 No

= 10 No

No of conductors along widthwise = 6.447 No

= 7 No

Area enclosed by ground grid = 4388 m2

No of driven electrodes ( ) = 128 No