Top 35 SAP ABAP Interview Questions &

Answers
1) What is SAP ABAP?
SAP is a type of software known as ERP (Enterprise
Resource Planning) that large company use to manage their
day to day affairs. ABAP (Advanced Business Application
Programming) is the coding language for SAP to develop
RICEFW objects. (Reports, Interfaces, Extensions, Forms and
Workflows).
2) What do you mean by an ABAP data dictionary?
To describe the logical structures of the objects that are used
in application development ABAP 4 data dictionary is used. It
is also used to show the underlying relational database in
tables.
3) Explain the difference between pool tables and
transparent tables?
Transparent tables: It has one to one relation with the table in
the database. Its structure corresponds to single database
field.
Pooled tables: It has many to one relation with the table in the
database. Pooled tables are stored at the database level.
a) Basic List: For simple reports
b) Statistics: For Percentage, Average etc.
c) Ranked List : For analytical reports
4) What do you mean by BDC (Batch Data
Communications) programming?
It is an automatic procedure to transfer large or external data
into SAP system. 'Queue file' is the central component of the
transfer, which receives the data through batch input
programs and groups that are associated into 'sessions'.
5) Describe the data classes?
The data classes are classified into following classes
Master Data: The data in this class seldom change
Transaction Data: The data can be changed often in this
class
Organization Data: This data is a customized data and is
entered in the system when the system is configured. It is
rarely changed.
System Data: This data is used by R/3 system itself
6) What are the internal tables?
Internal table exists only when the program is run. It is used
for performing table calculations on subset of database tables
and also for re-organizing the content of database tables as
per the users need.
7) List down the functional modules used in sequence in
BDC?
There are 3 functional modules which are used in sequence
to perform data transfer successfully using BDC
programming. They are
a) BDC_OPEN_GROUP
b) BDC_INSERT
c) BDC_CLOSE_GROUP
8) What is a foreign key relationship?
To ensure the consistency of data, foreign keys are used. The
relationship established between the tables and must be
explicitly defined at field level. Data entered should be
checked against the existing data to ensure that there is no
contradiction. Cardinality has to be specified while defining
foreign key relationship.
9) In ABAP what are the differences between table and
structure in data dictionary?
The difference between structure and table is
a) Data can be stored physically in Table, but a structure
cannot
b) Structure does not have primary key but table can have
c) Table can have the technical attribute but the structure
does not have
10) What is Smart Forms?
Smart forms allow you to create forms using a graphical
design tool.
11) What are the components of SAP scripts?
For SAP, SAP scripts are a word processing tool. It has a
function like standard text and layout sets. Its layout set
consists of: Windows and pages, Character formats,
Paragraph formats etc.
12) How to create 'table cluster'?
a) In ABAP dictionary, select object type Table, enter a table
name and choose create
b) A field maintenance screen for the table is displayed. Table
type Transparent table, set it as a default
c) Make the necessary entries in the short description and
delivery classified on the Attributes page. Then define the
fields of the table.
d) Proceed as when creating a transparent table. Now save
your entries
e) Now choose EXTRASàChange table category
f) When a dialogue box appears you have to select the table
type 'Pooled table' or 'Cluster table'
g) After selecting the table, return to the field maintenance
screen for the table. Field pool or cluster name is displayed on
the Attributes tab page in addition to the standard fields.
h) Now enter the name of the table cluster or table pool to
which you want to assign the cluster table.
13) How can you format the data before write statement in
the report?
By using the loop event the reports output can be formatted
a) .at first
b) .at new
c) .at last
14) Explain the difference between Template and Table?
The difference between the table and template is that, table is
a dynamic and template is a static.
15) Mention what is ALV programming in ABAP? When is
this grid used in ABAP?
ALV stands for Application List Viewer. To enhance the output
of the report, SAP provides a set of ALV function modules
which can be used, and it also improves the functionality and
readability of any report output. It is an efficient tool used for
arranging the columns in a report output.
16) When do we use End-of-selection?
End of the selection event is mostly used when we are writing
HR-ABAP code. In the HR-ABAP code, data is retrieved in the
start of selection event and printing on the list and all will be
done at the end of the selection event.
17) Mention the difference between ABAP and OOABAP?
In what situation do you use OOABAP?
ABAP is used to develop traditional programs in R/3, while
OOABAP is used to develop BSP/ PCUI applications and also
anything that an involved object oriented like BADI's and
SmartForms etc.
18) What is table buffer? Which type of tables used this
buffer?
Over here, buffer means memory area, table buffer means the
table information is available on the application server. When
you call data from database table, it will come from application
server. Transparent tables and pool tables are buffered, while
cluster table cannot be buffered.
19) What is the use of 'pretty printer'?
To format the ABAP code 'pretty printer' is used.
20) What is the difference between 'Type' and 'Like'?
'Type': You assign data type directly to the data object while
declaring.
'Like': You assign the data type of another object to the
declaring data object.
'Type' refers the existing data type while 'Like' refers to the
existing data object.
21) What are the different ABAP/4 editors? What are the
differences?
The 2 editors are SE38 and SE80 and both have the ABAP
editor in place. In SE38 , you can create programs and view
online reports and basically do all the development of objects
in this editor. In SE80, there are additional features such as
creating packages, function group, module pool, classes,
programs and BSP applications.
22) Explain the difference between dialog program and a
report?
A report is an executable program; dialog is a module pool
program. It has to be executed via a transaction only. Dialog
programming is used for customizations of screens.
23) What is lock object?
To synchronize access of several users using same data Lock
objects are used.
24) How data is stored in cluster table?
A cluster table contains data from multiple DDIC tables. It
stores data as name value pair.
25) How can you debug a script form?
To debug a script form, you have to follow
SE71-->give the form name->utilities->activate debugger
26) What are different types of data dictionary objects?
The different types of data dictionary objects are:
a) Tables
b) Views
c) Domain
d) Data Element
e) Type Groups
f) Search Helps/Matchcode Objects
g) Lock Objects
h) Structures
i) Table Types
27) What are the ways you can do the tuning? What are
the major steps will you use for these?
Tunning can be done in three ways disk i/o, SQL tunning and
memory tunning. Before tunning, you have to get the status of
your database using oracle utility called statpack and tkprof .
28) In the 'select' statement what is 'group by'?
To fetch the data from the table by the specified field Group
by Clause is used.
29) What is dispatcher?
A control agent referred as SAP dispatcher, manages
resources for the R/3 applications.
30) Mention what are the two methods of modifying SAP
standard tables?
There are two methods for modifying SAP standard tables
a) Append structures
b) Customizing includes
31) What is the difference between a 'Database index' and
a 'Match code'?
'Database Index' contains fields from one table while 'Match
Code' contain fields from several tables. Match code objects
can be built on cluster tables, transparent tables and pooled
tables.
32) Explain the benefits of modularization technique?
By using modularization techniques, you can avoid
redundancy if the program contains the same or similar blocks
of statements or it is required to process the same function
several times. By modularizing the ABAP/4 programs, we
make them easy to read and improve their structure.
Modularized programs are also easier to maintain and update.
33) How can you create callable modules of program
code within one ABAP/4 program?
a) By defining Macros
b) By creating include programs in the library.
34) What are different types of parameters? How can you
distinguish between different kinds of parameters?
The different types of parameters are
a) Formal Parameters: It is defined during the definition of
subroutine with the 'FORM' statement
b) Actual Parameters: It is specified during the call of a
subroutine with the 'PERFORM' statement
You can distinguish different kind of parameters by their
functionality. Input parameters are used to pass data to
subroutines, while output parameters are used to pass data
from subroutines.
35) What are the different databases Integrities?
a) Semantic Integrity
b) Relational Integrity
c) Primary Key Integrity
d) Value Set Integrity
e) Foreign Key Integrity
f) Operational Integrity