Triangular Fine XP
Triangular Fine XP
use of data.
2 INTRODUCTION
While fins are used everyday, it is tempting to believe that the simplified
3 THEORY
the root is at a known temperature, TW, and that the ambient is at a known
temperature, T∞. Heat is lost from the fin by convection, the rate of which is
since l <<z), an energy balance for a differential slice of the fin takes the form (1)
d dT ds
kA( x) = hp ( x)(T − T∞ ) (1)
dx dx dx
where T(x) is the temperature of the fin at a particular dimensional position x (refer “Heat
Transfer from Extended Surfaces” section in [1]).
d ∗ dθ hl L
2
l 2 2 (2)
x = 1 + θ
dx∗ dx∗ k l L
hl L l 2
2 2
d ∗ dθ
x = Bθ (3)
dx∗ dx∗
on expanding:
d 2θ dθ
∗
x + − Bθ = 0
dx∗2 dx∗
θ ( x∗ = 0) = finite (4)
θ ( x∗ = 1) = θ0 (5)
θ I0 2 Bx
=
( ∗
) (6)
θ0 I0 2 B ( )
on the right hand side, I0 is the modified Bessel function of zeroth order.
At this point, if all of the dimensional parameters (h, l , k, L, TW and T∞ ) were known, the
axial temperature profile for the fin would be known as a function of x. Of the parameters
listed, h, the convection heat transfer coefficient is the most difficult to determine,
especially since its value depends entirely on the flow field characteristics. The present
dimensionless temperature, θ data using equation (6). The selected method is referred to
regression. Based upon the assumption that the errors in the experimental measurements
follow a Gaussian distribution, the NLLS produces a unique value for the determined
constants. That is, the magnitudes of the constants that are determined give the “most
probable” form of the given equation that fits the data. The NLLS is based upon the
differences between the independent values of collected experimental data and the
For convenience, let θi = θ / θ 0 , then from the theory at each position xi,
(
θi = DI 0 2 Bxi∗ ) (7)
where (
D = 1/ I0 2 B ) is a constant to be determined so as to fit that experimental data.
Note that the dimensionless temperature θi , and the dimensionless position xi ∗ (or the
modified Bessel function at a specific position, I i ) are the input data. Then the sum of the
The value of h that would give the least value of residuals squared sum S is found by
writing a MATLAB program using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm.
Refer to Appendix A at the end for MATLAB API (application programmer’s interface) on
the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm.
4 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
fin) is presented in Figs. 1 and 2 respectively. The sides and the bottom are all
well insulated. This setup represents a physical approximation to the upper half
of a symmetric, infinitely long fin. Figure 3 presents the actual experimental fin
information.
under any circumstances, touch the stainless steel surfaces because the
setup will be turned on before class. Figure 3 is included so that you may
view the setup without taking it apart and subjecting yourself to harm.
time). Do not adjust the heater temperature setting. You should have data
c. Take the data as per the included data sheet, including T∞. Repeat the
a. First plot T (or θ) versus x in order to check the data for the appropriate
(Ti and xi) and T∞ into the MATLAB program to solve for ‘h’ using
7 POINTS OF INTEREST
2) Explain clearly how insulation on the two sides simulates a fin which is
4) Plot the resulting model (Ti from θi using equation (7) with h value from
the model.
experimental fin and obtain the governing equation for the fin. Apply
all justified for the experimental setup used? Explain. (refer [1])
REFERENCES
1. Incropera, F.P., Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
2. Chapman, A.J., Heat Transfer, Fourth ed., Macmillan Publishing Company, New
5. Lipson, C., and N.J. Sheth, Statistical Design of Engineering Experiments, McGraw-
(i.e. 2zy=2zx /L )
p(x) = perimeter of the cross sectional area of the triangular fin (i.e. 2(z+2y) = 2z, as
θ = (T - T∞)
θ0 = T W - T ∞
One Dimensional Triangular Fin Experimental Data Sheet
Date: TW=
Name: T∞ =
TC# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Temperature (F)
TC#
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
time
z y
T∞ h
Tw ds
l dy
x dx
x=L x=0
protective cover box
(heater inside)
heater on back
surface
thermocouple selector
switch allows from
only one thermocouple
cable between selector
to be displayed
device and display device
temperature
display device
APPENDIX A
f ( x, y ) = (1 − x) 2 + 100( y − x 2 ) 2
with Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm we are trying to find the minimum of the squares-
sum of these two functions.
Running the program will return “m = [1; 1]” i.e, m(1) = x = 1 and m(2) = y = 1 (in
approximately 4000 iterations) which is the global minimum for the Rosenbrock function.
Fin Experiment: Develop a new MATLAB program for this experiment with the help of
the example as shown above.