STUDY GUIDE ANSWERS

ATOMIC STRUCTURE - PERIODIC TABLE TEST

1. How many periods make up the periodic table? 7
2. How many groups or families make up the periodic table? 9 families (The
Lanthanide Series and Actinide Series are part of the transition metals family.)
There are 18 groups.

3. Name all of the families and their elements of the periodic table.

a. Alkali – lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs) and
francium (Fr)

b. Alkaline Earth Metals - beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium
(Sr), barium (Ba) and radium (Ra)

c. Boron – Boron (B), Aluminum (Al), Gallium (Ga), Indium (In), Thallium (Tl)

d. Carbon – Carbon (C), Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge), Tin (Sn), Lead (Pb)

e. Nitrogen – Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Arsenic (As), Antimony (Sb), Bismuth
(Bi)

f. Oxygen – Oxygen (O), Sulfer (S), Selenium (Se), Tellurium (Te), Polonium (Po)

g. Halogen - fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At).

h. Nobel Gases – helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and
radon (Rn)

i. Transition Metals - lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb),
cesium (Cs) and francium (Fr)

4. Why do elements in the same family generally have the same properties?
They have the same number of valence electrons, which determines if it is reactive
or not.

List three properties of the following:

5. Alkali Metals
a. Reactive / not found in elemental form in nature
b. Metals
c. Silver
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ATOMIC STRUCTURE - PERIODIC TABLE TEST
6. Alkaline Earth Metals
a. 2nd most reactive group of elements on the periodic table
b. metals
c. All elements have 2 valence electrons
7. Transition Metals
a. Precious metal/useful metals
b. Varying properties
c. All elements have 1 or 2 valence electrons
8. Boron Family
a. Group contains both metals and nonmetals
b. 3 valence electrons
c.
9. Carbon Family
a. All elements in this family have 4 valence electrons
b. Contains, metals, nonmetals and metalloids
c. Properties vary greatly
10. Nitrogen Family
a. All elements have 5 valence electrons
b. Moderately reactive
c. Some elements are very toxic
11. Oxygen Family
a. All Elements have 6 valence electrons
b. Moderately Reactive
12. Halogens
a. Reactive
b. Combine with metals in Alkali family
c. Form Salts
d. 7 valence electrons
13. Noble Gases
a. Inert gases
b. Full valence shell or 8 electrons
c. In nature do not bond with other elements

Name the element that resides here:

14. Group eighteen (18) – Period five (5): Xenon (Xe)

15. Group one (1) - Period one (1): Hydrogen (H)
16. Period three (3) – Group (16): Sulphur (S)
17. Period seven (7) – Group two (2): Radium (Ra)
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ATOMIC STRUCTURE - PERIODIC TABLE TEST

Periodic Trends: Describe in complete sentences:

18. What trend in atomic mass do you see as you go down a group/family?
The atomic mass increases as you move down a group or family.

19. What trend in atomic mass do you see you go across a period/row?
Atomic mass increases as you move from left to right across a period or row.

20. What trend in density do you see as you go down a group/family?

The density of an atom increases as you move from left to right to the center of
the periodic table and then decreases as you move further to the right. The atom
with the highest density is in the center of the periodic table.

21. N/A

22. What trend in boiling point/melting point do you see as you go down a group/family?
N/A

23. N/A

24. What trend in electrons shells/energy levels do you see as you move across a
period/row?
The number of energy shell stays the same as you move across a period.

List all of the elements and a least three characteristics in the following categories,
excluding the Transition Metals (Groups 3 – 12)
25. Metals – Metals make up the vast majority of the periodic table -- 88 elements in
total -- and have unique features. The most obvious characteristic is that, with the
exception of mercury, they are solid at room temperature. They are also relatively
dense, susceptible to corrosion, conduct electricity and heat, are ductile (can be
made into wires) and malleable (can be made into sheets).

Lithium Calcium
Sodium Strontium
Potassium Barium
Rubidium Radium
Cesium Aluminum
Francium Gallium
Beryllium Indium
Magnesium Tin
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ATOMIC STRUCTURE - PERIODIC TABLE TEST
Thallium Bismuth
Lead
Element 113 - Ununtrium - will probably be a basic metal.
Flerovium - probably a basic metal.
Element 115 - Ununpentium - will probably be a basic metal.

26. Metalloids - Metalloids fall in between metals and nonmetals in the periodic table,
as they share some of the properties of each. They are solids, and can be made in
to wires and sheets, but do not conduct electricity and heat as well as metals.

Metalloid Elements - boron, silicon, arsenic, tellurium, astatine, germanium and

antimony

27. Non-Metals - Nonmetals are found on the far right of the periodic table. These
elements are either gaseous or solid at room temperature and share no common
features with metals. They do not conduct heat or electricity well and have low
densities. The solid nonmetals also break easily, and cannot be made in to wires or
sheets.

Non-metal elements - carbon, phosphorus, selenium, iodine, nitrogen, sulphur,

bromine, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, hydrogen, helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon
and radon.

Answer the following in complete sentences.

28. How was the first periodic table of elements organized?
Organized by atomic mass.

29. What two scientists helped to develop the periodic table? What did each scientist
contribute?
Mendeleev – organized by atomic mass
Mosley – organized by atomic number

30. What do the Lewis Dot structures show?

Amount of electrons on the valence shell of an atom for a particular element

31. What do the Bohr models show?

Number of Protons, Neutrons, Energy Shells and electrons on each shell

32. What is a valence electron?

Electrons on the valence shell or outside energy level of an atom
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ATOMIC STRUCTURE - PERIODIC TABLE TEST
33. Which of the following pairs would most likely have similar physical and chemical
properties? EXPLAIN.
c. Sodium and Potassium – They are both in group 1 and part of the Alkali metal
family, silver in color and readily bond with halogens to form salts. Both elements
are very reactive, rarely found in elemental form in nature, and have one valence
electron.

Lewis Dot Structures for the following Elements:

34. Magnesium (Mg)

35. Chlorine (Cl)

36. Gallium (Ga)

37. Boron (B)

38. Chlorine: Protons: 17 Neutrons: 18 Electrons: 17

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ATOMIC STRUCTURE - PERIODIC TABLE TEST

39. Bromine: Protons: 35 Neutrons: 45 Electrons: 35

DO NOT DO BOHR DIAGRAM

40. Iodine: Protons: 53 Neutrons: 73 Electrons: 53

DO NOT DO BOHR DIAGRAM

41. Argon: Protons: 18 Neutrons: 22 Electrons: 18

42. Magnesium: Protons: 12 Neutrons: 12 Electrons: 12

43. Calcium: Protons: 20 Neutrons: 20 Electrons: 20

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ATOMIC STRUCTURE - PERIODIC TABLE TEST

44. Lithium: Protons: 3 Neutrons: 4 Electrons: 3

45. Sulphur: Protons: 16 Neutrons: 16 Electrons: 16

46. Neon: Protons: 10 Neutrons: 10 Electrons: 10

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ATOMIC STRUCTURE - PERIODIC TABLE TEST