API 936 Questions -1

1. Which function of refractories is to resist temperature.

a) Primary function
b) Secondary function
c) Tertiary function
d) None of the above.

2. The functions of refractories include resistance to other destructive

influences such as abrasion, pressure, chemical attack and or rapid
changes in temperature is called.

a) Primary function
b) Secondary function
c) Tertiary function
d) None of the above

3. Refractories means

a) Hard to fuse
b) Hard to test
c) Hart to set
d) None of the above

4. Refractories chemically and physically stable at

a) Low temperatures
b) Average temperatures
c) High temperatures
d) None of the above.

5. In ceramics, the property of resistance to melting, softening or deformation

at high temperature is called.

a) Refractoriness
b) Pyrometric cone equivalent
c) Cold crushing strength
d) None of the above.

6. For fire clay and some high alumina materials, the most commonly used
index of refractoriness is known as:

a) Refractoriness
b) Pyrometric cone equivalent
c) Refractoriness under load
d) None of the above.
7. Materials having refractory properties which form a refractory body when
bonded into a conglomerate mass by a matrix is called

a) Cementious concrete
b) Refractory mass
c) Refractory aggregate
d) None of the above.

8. Fused silica aggregate is used as a raw material in a castable providing

a) Low thermal conductivity

b) Low thermal expansion
c) Low thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion
d) None of the above

9. Forms (types) of refractory

a) shaped
b) unshaped
c) refractory (ceramic) fibre
d) all above

10. Brick, tile, fired shapes and fused cast shapes are

a) shaped refractory
b) unshaped refractory
c) refractory fibre
d) all above

11. Castable, gunning mixes, ramming mixes, plastics and mortars are

a) Shaped refractory
b) Unshaped refractory
c) Refractroy fibre
d) All of the above

12. Blanket, Module, Bulk paper, rope and vacuum formed shaped are:

a) shaped refractory
b) unshaped refractory
c) refractory fibre
d) all of the above.

13. Based on screen analysis, the size of Alumina – silicate aggregate in

typical modern castable is

a) 50 – 60%
b) 60 – 70%
c) 70 – 8-%
d) None of the above
14. Based on screen analysis the fines (cement, fume silica, fine alumina)
in typical modern castable is

a) 40 – 50%
b) 30 – 40%
c) 20 – 30%
d) None of the above

15. The most commonly used binder for refractory concrete is

a) calcium aluminate cement

b) cements
c) silicates
d) all of the above

16. A combination of refractory grain and suitable bonding agent that, after
addition of a proper liquid, is generally poured into place to form a
refractory shape or structure which becomes rigid because of a
chemical action is called

a) mortar
b) castable
c) ceramic modules
d) all of the above

17. Compostions of ground refractory materials which develop a strong

bond at air ambient temperatures by virtue of chemical reactions within
the binder phase that is usually activated by water additions. These
refractories include cement and phosphate bonded castables is called:

a) Air setting refractories

b) Heat setting refractories
c) Air and heat setting refractory
d) None of the above

18. Compositions of ground refractory materials which require relatively

high temperatures for the development of an adequate bond
(commonly called the ceramic bond) is called

a) air setting refractories

b) heat setting refractories
c) air and heat setting refractories
d) none of the above
19. Alumina – silica refractories containing 45% or more alumina, materials
used in their production include diaspore, bauxite, gibbsite, kyanite,
sillimanite, alusite and fused alumina (artificial corundum) is called

a) fire clay refractory

b) insulating refractories
c) high alumina refractories
d) all of the above

20. A high alumina mineral usually consisting of rounded concretionary

grains embedded in clay – like mass, and believed to consist
essentially of alumina tri hydrate (Al2O3 3H2O) and alumina hydrate
(Al2O3 H2O) in varying proportions is called

a) kyanite
b) bauxite
c) fused alumina
d) alusite

21. Commercially on a calcined basis bauxite must contain at least

a) 65% fused silica

b) 60% alumina
c) 65% alumina
d) None of the above

22. A natural or synthetic mineral theoretically consisting solely of alumina

(Al2O3), specific gravity 4.00 – 4.02, melting point 3720˚ F. (2050˚ C)
Hardness 8.8 is called

a) corundum
b) kaolin
c) mica
d) none of the above

23. A group of rock minerals having nearly perfect cleavage in one

direction and consisting of thin elastic plates and most common
varieties are muscovite and biotite is called

a) corundum
b) kaolin
c) mica
d) none of the above
24. A group of impure magnesium silicate minerals that occur in a fiberous
form is known as

a) Asbestos
b) Mineral fibre
c) Fused silica
d) None of the above

25. Cristobalite is an important constituent of

a) Alumina bricks
b) Silica brick
c) Magnesia brick
d) Insulating brick

26. Refractories containing a substantial amount of silica which is reactive

with basic refractories, basic slags, or basic fluxes at high temperature
are known as

a) Acid refractories
b) Basic refractories
c) Natural refecatories
d) None of the above

27. Refractories whose major constituent is lime, magnesia, or both and

which may react chemically with acid refractories, acid slags or acid
fluxes at a high temperature is known as

a) Acid refractories
b) Basic refractories
c) Natural refractories
d) None f the above

28. In API RP 936, the referenced ASTM standard procedure for cold
crushing strength and modules of rupture is

a) C 133 – 97
b) C704 – 01
c) C181 – 91
d) None of the above

29. The test specimen of castable refractory for cold crushing strength
shall be

a) 2 in. (51mm) cubes

b) Cylinders, 2 in. (51mm)in dia. by 2 in.(51 mm) height.
c) a or b
d) none of the above
30. The selected compression test section of specimen for CCs test shall
be free from

a) cracks
b) chipped surfaces
c) other obvious defects
d) all of the above

31. All the samples for CCs test must be dried at 220 to 230˚C (105 to
110˚C) for

a) 12 hrs (overnight)
b) 18 hrs (overnight)
c) 20 hrs (overnight)
d) 24 hrs (overnight)

32. To compose a sample for CCS test from an equivalent number of

refractory shapes the specimen should be

a) at least five
b) at least three
c) at least four
d) None of the above

33. For modules of rupture test of brick and shapes, the preferred test
specimen shall be standard

a) 228 x 114 x 64 or 76mm

b) 150 x 114 x 76mm
c) 200 x 150 x 76mm
d) None of the above

34. Modulus of rupture test for castable refractories, the test specimen
shall be

a) 9 x 2 x 2 in (228 x 51 x 51mm)
b) 8 x 2 x 2 in
c) 6 x 2 x 2 in
d) None of the above

35. To compose a sample for modulus of rupture test from an equivalent

number of refractory shapes, the specimen should be

a) At least two
b) At least three
c) At least four
d) At least five
36. As per ASTM C- 704, for the erosion tests, silicon carbide grit to be
used by

a) one time
b) two time
c) three time
d) none of the above

37. Standard test method for abrasion resistance of refractory materials at

room temperature is

a) C 181 – 91
b) C 704 – 01
c) C 133 – 97
d) None of the above

38. A separation between adjoining parts of a refractory lining which allows

small expansive movements, such as those caused by thermal change
is known as

a) Thermal expansion
b) Expansion joint
c) Thermal conductivity
d) None of the above

39. Mechanical wearing away of the surfaces of refractory bodies in

service by washing action of moving liquid or gases is called

a) erosion of refractories
b) spalling of refractories
c) crumble of refractories
d) none of the above

40. The air pressure to blast the 1000 g of size graded silicon carbide grain
for abrasion resistance test should be

a) 448 KPa (65 PSi)

b) 450 KPa
c) 400 KPa
d) None of the above

41. The property of matter by virtue of which heat energy is transmitted

through particles in contact.

a) thermal expansion
b) thermal conductivity
c) thermal shock
d) none of the above.
42. The increase in linear dimensions and volume which occurs when
materials are heated and which is counter balanced by contraction of
equal amount when the materials are cooled.

a) thermal expansion
b) thermal conductivity
c) thermal shock
d) none of the above

43. The exposure of a material or body to a rapid change in temperature

which may have deleterious effect

a) thermal expansion
b) thermal conductivity
c) thermal shock
d) none of the above

44. Refractory failure mechanism are.

a) erosion and corrosion

b) thermal shock and mechanical abuse
c) overheating and chemical attack
d) all of the above

45. An internal component used for the separation of solids from flue or
product gas in a fluid coking unit is called

a) a cyclone
b) plenum
c) riser of FCU
d) none of the above

46. Enclosure inside the top head of a reactor or regenerator vessel which
supports the cyclones and in which gases exiting the cyclone outlets
are collected is called

a) cyclone of FCCU
b) Plenum of FCCU
c) Riser of FCCU
d) None of the above

47. Section of transfer line in which flow is in an upward direction is called

a) cyclone of FCCU
b) Plenum of FCCU
c) Riser of FCCU
d) None of the above
48. Metallic anchor made from rod or bar stock that is configured in a V-
shape is called

a) V-anchor
b) Footed anchor
c) Stud wed
d) None of the above

49. Metallic anchor, usually V-stud which has a foot shaped configuration
at the base to aid weld attachment to the shell is called.

a) V-anchor
b) Footed anchor
c) Stud weld
d) None of the above

50. Welding method utilizing an arc-welding machine in conjunction with a

timer and a gun is called

a) V-anchor
b) Footed anchor
c) Stud weld
d) None of the above

51. Metallic anchor made from rod or bar and usually used for dual layer
linings that is configured in

a) Y shape
b) V shape
c) U shape
d) All of the above

52. Metallic anchor used to attach ceramic anchors to the casing or shall of
a process unit is

a) Claw anchor
b) C-clip
c) U – anchor
d) None of the above

53. Hexmesh supplied in flexible rolls and ready fit to curved surface is
called

a) Flexmesh
b) Hexalt anchor
c) Hexcel
d) All of the above
54. The typical example of hexalt anchor is

a) S-bar
b) Hexcel
c) Curl and Tacko anchors
d) All of the above

55. The most common sizes in thickness fo hexmesh are

a) ¾ in or 1” (19mm or 25mm)
b) (20 – 25mm)
c) (10 – 20mm)
d) None of the above

56. Colour coding does not require for anchor alloy of

a) carbon steel
b) SS304
c) SS310
d) None of the above

57. 1 solid black is the colour of stripe for alloy material

a) 304
b) 304L
c) 310
d) None of the above

58. The colour of stripe for 304L alloy material of metallic anchor is

a) 1 solid black
b) 2 solid black
c) 1 solid grey
d) None of the above

59. The colour of stripe for Inconel 600 alloy material of metallic anchor is

a) 1 solid black
b) 2 solid black
c) 2 solid blue
d) None of the above
60. The vessel in which cracking reaction occurs or is completed and
product gases are separated from coke and / or catalyst particulate is
called

a) Reactor of FCCU
b) Regenerator of FCCU
c) Cyclones of FCCU
d) None of the above

61. The vessel in which coke and residual hydrocarbons are burned off the
catalyst and the flue gas is then separated from the catalyst is called

a) Reactor of FCCU
b) Regenerator of FCCU
c) Cyclones of FCCU
d) None of the above

62. Section of transfer line in which flow is in a downward direction is

called

a) transfer line of FCCU

b) riser of FCCU
c) stand pipe of FCCU
d) none of the above

63. Refractory lined pipe used for the transport of hot particulate medium
and gases between process vessels is called

a) Transfer line of FCCU

b) Stand pipe of FCCU
c) Fractionator of FCCU
d) None of the above.

64. The vessel down stream of the reactor used to separate different
product fractions is called

a) stand pipe of FCCU

b) transfer line of FCCU
c) Fractionator of FCCU
d) None of the above

65. As per API recommended practice 936, the standard test method for
reheat change of refractory brick is

a) C113 – 02
b) C 133 – 97
c) C 181 – 91
d) none of the above
66. API 936, standard test method for workability index of fire clay and
high alumina plastic refractories is

a) C 113 – 02
b) C 133 – 97
c) C 181 – 91
d) None of the above

67. API 936, standard test method for abrasion resistance of refractory
materials at room temperature is

a) C 113 – 02
b) C 704 – 01
c) C 181 – 91
d) None of the above

68. API 936 documentation should content

a) Execution details
b) Design details
c) Quality standards
d) All above

69. Testing frequency for material qualification of refractory for erosion

service requires

a) 1 sample per pallet or less from each production run

b) 1 sample per pallet or more from each production run
c) 2 sample per pallet or more from each production run
d) None of the above
70. Testing frequency for material qualification of refractory for other
service requires

a) 1 sample per pallet or less from each production run

b) 1 sample per 3 pallet or less from each production run
c) 1 sample per 3 pallet or more from each production run
d) None of the above

71. Arrange for testing at either an independent laboratory or the

manufacturer’s plant is

a) owner responsibility
b) inspector responsibility
c) contractor responsibility
d) manufacturer responsibility
72. The terminology for testing refractory that was sampled during
installation in order to confirm that they meet specified physical
property standards is called

a) As – installed testing
b) physical property test
c) both of the above
d) None of the above

73. The standard size of a fabricated test panel for pneumatic gunning
qualification is

a) (500 mm x 500 mm)

b) (600 mm x 600 mm) 24 “ x 24”
c) (700 mm x 700 mm)
d) None of the above

74. Test panels for pneumatic gunning are inclined above the horizontal at
an angle of

a) 45 ˚
b) 30 ˚
c) 60 ˚
d) None of the above

75. Gunning test panels are constructed with removable backs as required
for

a) laboratory test
b) visual inspection of the castable
c) physical property test
d) None of the above

76. Refractory cast into a mock up may be stripped and visually inspected
after a minimum curing of

a) 8 hrs
b) 12 hrs
c) 16 hrs
d) 24 hrs

77. Applicator qualification for thin layer erosion resistant lining, each
applicator shall pack a test panel of size.

a) 12” x 12” x ¾ or 1” (300 x 300 x 20 or 25mm)

b) 500 x 500 x 25mm
c) 450 x 450 x 50 mm
d) None of the above
78. Applicator qualification for plastic thick layer, the test panel with an
applied lining thickness and anchorage shall be

a) 600mm x 300 mm (24” x 12”)

b) 300 x 300 mm
c) 500 x 500 mm
d) None of the above

79. For air-setting phosphate bonded, erosion – resistant refractories

mixing , the mixer’s paddles and bowls shall be

a) Aluminium
b) Steel
c) Carbon
d) None of the above

80. Fiber concentrations typically range is

a) 1 – 4 wt percent
b) 1 – 3 wt percent
c) 1 – 2 wt percent
d) Any of the above

81. The effective diameter of metal fiber is

a) 0.2 – 0.3mm
b) 0.3 – 0.6 mm
c) 0.4 – 0.8mm
d) None of the above

82. The length of metal fiber is

a) 19mm or 25mm
b) 30 or 40mm
c) 10 or 15mm
d) None of the above

83. Additives used to facilitate moisture removal of refractory linings during

dry out is called

a) metal fiber
b) organic fiber
c) mineral fiber
d) none of the above
84. As installed testing is the terminology for testing refractory that was
sampled during installation in order to confirm that they meet specified.

a) Physical property standards

b) Chemical property standards
c) Both as above
d) None of the above

85. The surface of a refractory section not exposed to the source of heat

a) hot face
b) cold face
c) smooth face
d) None of the above

86. The surface of a refractory section exposed to the source of heat

a) hot face
b) cold face
c) smooth face
d) None of the above

87. Heating the new refractory too rapidly will cause

a) structural deterioration
b) explosive spalling
c) chemical attack
d) none of the above

88. The loss of fragmented refractories from the face of the refractory
structure, through cracking and rupturing which results in the exposure
of the original inner portion of the refractory lining is called

a) By passing
b) Erosion
c) Spalling
d) Sheeting

89. Spalling of layers from the hot surface of a refractory lining is called

a) spalling
b) sheeting
c) crumbling
d) erosion
90. The term that describes the condition of pre-set refractory in which
gravitational forces cause it to lose its desired shaped is called

a) Bloating
b) Punky
c) Slumping
d) none of the above

91. A condition describing a refractory lining that is soft and friable

a) Bloating
b) Plunky
c) Slumping
d) None of the above

92. The formation of slag take place by chemical action and fusion at
furnace operating temperature in the way of

a) In smelting operation, through the combination of a flux, such as

limestone, with the gangue or waste portion of the ore.
b) In the refining of metals by substances such as lime added for the
purpose of affecting or aiding the refining.
c) By chemical reaction between refractories and fluxing agents such
as coal ash, or between two different types of refractories
d) All of the above

93. Destructive chemical reaction between refractories and external

agencies at high temperatures, resulting in the formation of a liquid is
called

a) slagging of refractories
b) slumping of refractories
c) dusting of refractories
d) None of the above

94. A moldable refractory material that can be extruded and has a level of
workability that permits it to be pounded into place to form a monolithic
structure

a) Ramming mix
b) Plastic refractory
c) Monolithic refractory
d) None of the above
95. A refractory materials, stiffer than plastic, that cannot be extruded but
has suitable properties to permit ramming into place to form a
monolithic structure

a) Plastic refractory
b) Ramming mix
c) Monolithic refractory
d) None of the above

96. Refractories that are resistant to chemical attack by both acid and
basic slags, refractories or fluxes at high temperature is

a) Acid
b) Basic
c) Neutral
d) None of the above

97. Pre-turn around planning means

a) at least 6 months prior to turnaround

b) at least 12 months prior to turnaround
c) at least 8 months prior to turnaround
d) any of the above

98. Refractory packing requirements, the weight in the bag, shall not
deviate by more than

a) ±1%
b) ± 2%
c) ± 3%
d) ± 4%

99. Packing of chemical setting refractories should have mechanical

protection by

a) cardboard
b) rigid plastic
c) metal outside
d) any of the above

100. The application of monolithic refractories by means of air placement

guns is

a) gunning
b) placing
c) pouring
d) casting
 API 936 Questions -1
Answers

1. a 35. d 69. a
2. b 36. a 70. b
3. a 37. b 71. c
4. c 38. b 72. a
5. a 39. a 73. b
6. b 40. a 74. a
7. c 41. b 75. b
8. c 42. a 76. b
9. d 43. c 77. a
10. a 44. d 78. a
11. b 45. a 79. b
12. c 46. b 80. a
13. b 47. c 81. b
14. b 48. a 82. a
15. a 49. b 83. b
16. b 50. c 84. a
17. a 51. a 85. b
18. b 52. b 86. a
19. c 53. a 87. b
20. b 54. d 88. c
21. c 55. a 89. b
22. a 56. a 90. c
23. c 57. a 91. b
24. a 58. b 92. d
25. b 59. c 93. a
26. a 60. a 94. b
27. b 61. b 95. b
28. a 62. c 96. c
29. c 63. a 97. a
30. d 64. c 98. b
31. d 65. a 99. d
32. a 66. c 100. a
33. a 67. b
34. a 68. d