Course Name: Electric & Electronics Technology

Course Code: BDA14303

Section: 1 & 2

Lecturer’s Name: Dr.Norfazillah Binti Talib

Group: 11

Task: 6

Name Matric No.

Amalina Nadzirah Binti Awi CD180168
Nurin Kamilia Binti Abdul Kadir CD180216
Tengku Mahirah Binti Tengku Mahisham CD170012
Catherine Peter CD160100
Divashiniletchumy A/P Samuyah CD180098

MARKAH
TUGASAN
1.0 INTRODUCTION

The field of automation has a notable impact in a wide range of industries beyond
manufacturing. Automation is the used of control systems and information technologies to
reduce the needs for human work in the production of goods and service. In the scope of
industrialization, automation is a step beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provides
human operators with machinery to assist them with the mascular requirements of work,
automotion greatly decreases the need for human sensory and mental requirements as well.
Filling is a task carried out by a machine that packages liquid products such as cold drinks or
water. The bottle filling project serves as an interdisciplinary engineering design experience. It
introduces aspects of computer, electronics and mechanical engineering, including the following
six primary knowledge areas:

 Machining & Fabrication

 Electronics circuit prototyping and Programming

 Sensor and Actuator application

 Mechanical design

 Project planning

As the automation is needed for the society for a desirable lifestyle. The project we are trying to
create for today is mainly useful for Manufacturing Companies for soft drinks, alcoholic
beverages, chemicals products and medicine companies. This is where syrups or any
concentrated liquids are needed to automatically fill in the bottle. In market we need to know that
the production of the bottle filling is high. Therefore, we need to use the automatic systems
which can automatically fill up the bottle without continually pressing any button. Hence there
are certain efforts could be done to minimise the manpower by creating an Automatic Water
Filling System with the guidance of sensor.
 1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT

1. Less manpower to continually monitor the process

2. High demands for production in industries
3. The utilization of non-automated switch used to turn on and turn off a pumping machine
sometimes causes a wasteful electrical consumption

1.2 OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this project is:

1. To automatically fill the water when the bottle is in its place.

2. To reduce the manpower needs in industry.
3. For sustainable use of water and judicious use of electricity.
2.0 METHODOLOGY

2.1 Procedure for circuit completion

1. Place the component on the circuit according to the schematic diagram. Make sure the
positive and negative terminal is correctly place.

2. Solder the component on the circuit board carefully. A precaution must be taken to
avoid the component from broken.

3. After the circuit is completely assemble, add a 9V battery as a power supply to the
battery.

4. Once the power supply is turned on there is where the circuit functions and play its part
to dispense the water out from the tube as the sensor works.

2.2 Process of The System

1. The input voltage will flow to the terminal block 1.

2. The source is supply to the motor and it is connected to the relay through terminal
block 2 connector.

3. When the circuit is complete, the motion sensor is activated, and it will detect the
motion.

4. When the sensor detected motion, it will trigger the relay, then the motor will start
operating.

5. Red LED will light on as a sign that the motor is function.

6. The motor then will pump the water from the tank, to the bottle.
 2.3 Equipment

A
C D

F G H I J K L

No Component Function
A Q1 2N 2906 Transistor A transistor is a semiconductor device
used to amplify and switch electronic
signals and electrical power. It is
composed of semiconductor material with
at least three terminals for connection to
an external circuit. A voltage or current
applied to one pair of the transistor’s
terminals changes the current through
another pair of terminals.
B Resistor An electric component that limits or
regulates the flow of electrical current in
electronic circuit. Resistors can also be
used to provide a specific voltage for an
active device such as transistor.
C&D Integrate circuit socket IC Used as a placeholder for IC chips and is
used in order to allow safe removal and
insertion of IC chips.
 E RL1-6V-Relay Relays are switch that open and close
circuits electromechanically or
electronically. Relays control one
electrical circuit by opening and closed
another circuit.
F IR- IR Receiver Hardware that sends information from an
infrared remote control to another device
by receiving and decoding signals. In
general, the receiver output a code to
uniquely identify the infrared signal that it
receives.
G&I D1-LED & LED – IR- Transmitter A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-
lead semiconductor light source. It is a
pin-junction diode, which emits light
when activated. When a suitable voltage
is applied to the leads, electrons are able
to recombine with electron holes within
the device, releasing energy in the form of
protons.
H Ceramic Capacitor Non-polarity device which is can connect
it in any direction on a circuit board

J &K Terminal Block Terminal block are modular, insulated

blocks that secure two or more wires
together. Also used to secure the
terminate wires and in simplest form,
consist of several individual terminals
arranged in a long strip.
L RV1 – 10k Potentiameter Single turn Manually adjustable variable resistor with
preset 3 terminals. Two terminals are connected
to both ends of a resistive element, and
the third terminal connects to a sliding
contact, called a wiper, moving over the
resistive element. The position of the
wiper determine the output voltage of the
potentiometer essentially functions as
variable voltage divider
 1
2

3
4

No Component Function
1 9V DC Water Pump A water pump controller senses the level
of water in bottle and drives the water
pump.
2 Battery Connecter The device that joins electric circuits
together. The main battery connecter is
both the mechanical and electrical part
that interface the electric device.
3 PCB Board A printed circuit board (PCB)
mechanically supports and electrically
connects electronic components using
conductive tracks, pads and other
features etched from copper sheets
laminated onto a non-conductive
substrate.
4 9V and 6V Battery Power source in circuit
 Component Function
Water pump tube Water pump tube used in electric motors to
separate the rotor from the stator and protect
the electronic of the circuit.
3.0 RESULT AND ANALYSIS

3.1 Circuit Diagram

3.2 Actual Circuit

 3.3 CALCULATION

R1 = 10KΩ
R2 = 1KΩ
R3 = 1KΩ
R4 = 10KΩ
R5 = 200Ω
R6 = 10KΩ
C = 100µF
V = 9V
When t≤0, switch off

1𝑘
VO =(10𝑘+1𝑘) (9𝑉)

=0.818V

When switch on

Req = R1//R5//R6//R4+R2//R3

= 543.103Ω

τ = ReqC

= (543.103)(100µ)

= 0.0543

𝑡⁄
VC = VO 𝑒 𝜏

= 0.818𝑒 18.413𝑡

𝑑𝑣
I = 𝐶 𝑑𝑡

= 15.062𝒆𝟏𝟖.𝟒𝟏𝟑𝒕 A
 3.4 Previous Circuit Diagram And Its Calculation

V = 9v
R = 220 Ω

V = IR

R total in I1 = R1+R2
= 220+220
= 440Ω

Current, I1 = V/R
= 9/440
= 0.020A
I1 = I2 = I3

I total = I1+I2+I3
= 0.020 + 0.020 + 0.020
= 0.061A
4.0 CONCLUSION

The conclusion from this task, in preparing the circuit, we are able to learn many things in
electric and electronic. It gave us input of knowledge about electric and electronic. In addition,
the automatic water filler system able to give the user more advantages. For example, it is power
saver, living in an age where we need to be more conscious of the energy that we use, a water
filler system is ideal at saving power. Normally, regulating water filling can consume electricity
and waste water. However, with automatic water fillers with sensors, the electricity usage is
limited as well as less water needed to regulate the supply. The next advantages are it can save
our money. An automatic controller helps us to save money by limiting the waste of water and
electricity. These devices accurately regulate how much energy is used to protect against any
unnecessary water/electricity usage. Over time, the money saved is quite substantial. In addition,
water filling system has a good alternative for manufacturing industries. This is because manual
working factories does many physical or optical errors like spilling water or lack of
concentration of water or overlapping water, so with the help of our automatic water filling
system. These accidents might be prevented and there won’t be much wastage occurs in
manufacturing industry with the help of this electronic product we create.
5.0 REFERENCE

1. Dunlop, John T. (ed.) (1962), Automation and Technological Change: Report of the
Twenty-first American Assembly, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA: Prentice-Hall.* Dunlop, John
T. (ed.) (1962), Automation and Technological Change: Report of the Twenty-first American
Assembly, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA: Prentice-Hall.

2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automation

3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_component
6.0 APPENDIX