Ira Maria Beatriz M.

Nidea
BS SOCIAL WORK 1-A

Primary Source Secondary Source

Santiago Alvarez’ Memoirs of a General Teodoro Agoncillo’s Revolt of the Masses

Author’s  Santiago Alvarez was a revolutionary general and an author  Agoncillo was born on November 9, 1912 in
Background and an establisher and honorary president of the first Lemery, Batangas, a Tagalog province
directorate of the Nacionalista Party. southeast of Manila.
 Due to his intense boldness and commitment as commander  He obtained a Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy
of Cavite’s famous battles (particularly that in Dalahican, he from the University of the Philippines (UP) in
was publicly acknowledged as “Kidlat ng Apoy” (Lightning 1934.
of Fire).  His career as historian began quite late. From
 Additionally, he was honored and rejoiced in the present-day 1937 to 1941 he worked as a technical
Cavite City as the “Legend” of the Clash of Dalahican. assistant in the Institute of National
Language.
 He began writing in the late 1920s and early
1930s, his earliest publications being Tagalog
poems. In fact, most of his writings up to the
1940s consisted of Tagalog poems and short
stories in Tagalog and light essays in both
Tagalog and English.
When was The account was first published during the 1920s whereas the The Revolt of the Masses was written in 1947 but
the account memoirs were reproduced together with the English translation was officially printed in 1956.
written? made by Paula Carolina Malay in Sampaguita, a Tagalog Weekly.
(Context)
Mention of  March 14, 1896, Emilio F. Aguinaldo and Raymundo Mata  September 28, 1947, Author visited the place
date(s) initiation into the Katipunan Secret Society.  December 1896, Bonifacio left cavite
 April 6, 1896, Santiago Alvarez accompanied Emilio F.  January 2 1897, San Francisco de malabon to
Aguinaldo to see Supremo Bonifacio his uncle-in-law, Marian alvarez
Ira Maria Beatriz M. Nidea
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 May 3, 1896, A general meeting of the Katipunan held in  April 1897, Spaniards captured the town
Pasig for the purpose of notifying them about an alarming  March 22, 1897, Aguinaldo’s birthday
predicament.  March 22, 1897, Where it all started
 May 4, 1896, Organizing a confidential fellowship with the
aim of eliminating all vile elements and antagonists of the
nationalistic movement.
 July 11, 1896, Spaniard La Font announced to increase the
pay of one of the two overseers.
 August 21, 1896, Meeting presided over by Supremo
Andres Bonifacio
 August 23, 1896, Arrival at Bahay Toro and the increase of
number of Katipuneros.
 August 29, 1896, Dr. Pio was arrested and tortured which
saddened the Katipuneros.
 September 1, 1896, the Magdalo troops encircled and
attacked the Parish house, friar estate house, and the civil
guardian garrison.

Mention of  Cavite  Batangas (Talisay, Nasugbu, Tuwi, and

place  Tejero Look.)
 Manila  Cavite (Imus, General Trias)
 Caloocan, Rizal  San Juan
 Laguna  Laguna
 Bulacan  Morong in Bataan
 Batangas  Tejero
 Nueva Ecija
 Mandaluyung
 Cubao
 Marikina
Ira Maria Beatriz M. Nidea
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Key Emilio F. Aguinaldo, Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto, Mariano Marcelo H. Del Pilar, Andres Bonifcacio, Teodoro
personalities Alvarez, Mariano Trias, Dr. Jose Rizal, Gen Artemio Ricarte, Jose M. Kalay, Julio Navarrao, Alejandro Andaya,
Dizon, Valentine Salud General Pio Del Pilar.

Sequencing  It all began on March 14, 1896 when Santiago  Bonifacio in Cavite – The rivalry that existed
of events Alvarez accompanied Emilio F. Aguinaldo and between the Magdalo and the Magdiwang
Raymundo Mata for their initiation into the factions of the Katipunan in Cavite led to a
Katipunan Secret Society. series of reverses early in January 1897.
 Good Friday in the month of April 1896, the house of  The Tejeros Convention. – As months passed
Supremo Andres Bonifacio was put has been burned along by and as the rebels found themselves on the
with some important Katipunan materials. receiving end of the armed power with the
 May 3, 1896, A general meeting of the Katipunan held in Spaniards.
Pasig whereas Supremo Bonifacio apprised them that their  When Bonifacio was being proclaimed,
existence was exposed and their enemies knew about it. Daniel Tirona, a Magdalo, stood up and said:
 Apolonio De la Cruz’ drawer were forced open and “The position of Director of the Interior is an
numerous Katipunan paraphernalia were discovered. Thus, a exalted one and it is not proper that a person
hunt for Katipunan member began. The first ones who were without lawyer’s diploma should occupy it.
arrested were tortured and forced to identify Katipunan We have in our province a lawyer, Jose del
members. Rosario.”
 As the crisis had worsen, more had joined the Katipunan.  The Second Meeting at Tejeros. – Aguinaldo,
who was at Pasong Santol, a barrio of
Dasmarinas, was notified the following day
of his election to the Presidency.
 Bonifacio and his men, numbering forty-five,
again met at the estate-house of Tejeros on
March 23.
Difference  The memoirs of a general by Santiago Alvarez was written  The revolt of masses was more of a
between the in a story manner whereas he narrated what he saw and biography of Andres Bonifacio. Meaning,
two knew about the Katipunan and Revolution in his own Agoncillo presents a detailed description of
accounts perspective not just as an eyewitness but also as an active the life of Bonifacio.
participant.  Agoncillo didn’t personally witness the life of
Bonifacio, but this book has thorough
description of how it all started.
Ira Maria Beatriz M. Nidea
BS SOCIAL WORK 1-A

 Unlike the revolt of the masses by Teodoro Agoncillo, he  The information were gathered from various
was able to personally experience everything he wrote in his sources through an intensive research.
memoirs.

Your The account of Santiago Alvarez was more realistic because of how It was detailed, but it wasn’t a firsthand account.
analysis of he narrated the story. However, he can be bias in some part because
the of his friendship with Emilio Aguinaldo.
differences
between the
two
accounts