Chapter 1 Directed Numbers

1. Which one of the following is a negative integer?

A. 5
5
−
B. 6
C. 0
D. 5
2. Which one of the following numbers is less than 10?
A. 11
B. 10
C. 0
D. 10
3. Arrange the following numbers in ascending order.
0, 1, 2, 3
A. 2 < 0 < 1 < 3
B. 0 < 1 < 3 < 2
C. 0 < 1 < 2 < 3
D. 3 < 1 < 0 < 2
2 3 7 4 1
4. Find the largest number in 3 , 4 , 8 , 5 and 2 .
2
A. 3
7
B. 8
4
C. 5
1
D. 2
5. Which one of the following must be correct?
A. 5 > 0
B. 0 < 2
C. 3 > 0
D. 0 < +4
6. Evaluate 9  3.
A. 3
B. 6
C. 12
D. 6

1
 Chapter 1 Directed Numbers
7. Evaluate (7)  (23).
A. +30
B. +16
C. +14
D. 16
8. Evaluate (13)  (8).
A. +21
B. +5
C. 21
D. 15
9. Evaluate [(10)  (2)]  (9).
A. 12
B. 9
C. 3
D. +1
1 1
−[−4+(− + )]
10. Evaluate 2 3 .
5
+4
A. 6
1
+4
B. 6
5
+3
C. 6
5
−3
D. 6
11. Evaluate (9)(1).
A. +10
B. +9
C. 8
D. 9
12. Evaluate (+18)  (18).
A. +18
B. +1
C. 0
D. 1

2
 Chapter 1 Directed Numbers
1
(+5 )÷(+ )
13. Evaluate 2 .
A. +10
1
+5
B. 2
1
−5
C. 2
D. 10
14. Evaluate (1)(+1)(1)(+1).
A. +4
B. +1
C. 0
D. 1
2 3
(−24)÷(− )×(− )×(+6)
15. Evaluate 3 4 .
A. +216
B. +162
C. 162
D. 216
16. Evaluate (3)  [(4)  (5)].
A. +60
B. +27
C. 3
D. 27
(+2)−(+6 )
17. Evaluate (−3)−(−7) .
4
−
A. 5
2
−
B. 5
C. 1
D. +1
18. Evaluate (4)  [(+5) + (6)].
A. +15
B. +5
C. +3

3
 Chapter 1 Directed Numbers
D. 3
73 11
19. Evaluate (−1) ×(−1) .
A. 2
B. 1
C. +1
D. +2
2 2 2 2
20. Evaluate −3 +(−1) ×(−4) ÷(−2) .
A. +17
B. +9
C. 5
D. 17
21. If +$20 represents $20 profit, then $15 represents
A. $15 profit.
B. +$15 profit.
C. $15 loss.
D. $15 loss.
22. Suppose +1 m represents ascending by 1 m. Use positive or negative numbers
to represent the following situations.
A plane descends by 1 m and then descends by 1 m.
A. +1 m, +1 m
B. 1 m, +1 m
C. 1 m, 0 m
D. 1 m, 1 m
23. Given that +$1 represents depositing $1 into the bank, write down the
following changes in account using directed numbers.
Miss Lee deposits $1 700, then deposits $180.
A. +$1 700, +$180
B. $1 700, $180
C. $1 700, +$180
D. +$1 700, $180
24. On a certain day, the temperature fell from 4ºC to 2ºC. Find the temperature
change on that day.
A. +6ºC
B. +2ºC
C. 2ºC
D. 6ºC

4
 Chapter 1 Directed Numbers

25. A metal cup with temperature 16ºC is put into the freezer, and the temperature
drops by 24ºC. Find the final temperature of the metal cup.
A. 24ºC
B. 16ºC
C. 8ºC
D. 8ºC
26. Find the distance between A and C.
A BC D EF G H

76 54 321 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

A. +6
B. +3
C. 3
D. 6

27. The temperature at a certain place fell 3ºC in the first day, fell 4ºC in the
second day, fell 5ºC in the third day and rose 6ºC in the fourth day.
Find the overall change in the temperature at that place.
A. 18 ºC
B. 6 ºC
C. 4 ºC
D. +4 ºC
28. Paul’s pocket money has increased by $320 in January, decreased by $400 in
March, and increased by $100 in June. Find the final change in his pocket
money.
A. Decreased by $820
B. Decreased by $180
C. Increased by $20
D. Increased by $820
29. According to the diagram, find the values of E and F.
10 units

13 units

F 7 E

A. E = 3, F = 10
B. E = 10, F = 13
C. E = 10, F = 3

5
 Chapter 1 Directed Numbers
D. E = 13, F = 10
30. Which of the following is the correct order for calculating ( 9) + (1)  (10)?
A. Do multiplication first, then do subtraction.
B. Do addition first, then do multiplication.
C. Do subtraction first, then do multiplication.
D. Do multiplication first, then do addition.
31. An athlete starts at the basement B1, runs up to the 1st floor, then runs down to
the basement B2, and finishes at the 2nd floor. How many storeys does he run?
A. 9
B. 6
C. 5
D. 3
32. The average mark of a Mathematics test of students in F.1B is 82. Using the
following table, how many marks does Vivian get above the mark Claudia got?

Name Albert Vivian Kevin Sally Gary Elaine Claudia

Mark 70 86 88 90

Marks above
the average +6  10 2
mark

A. 6 marks
B. 2 marks
C. +2 marks
D. +6 marks
33. In a competition, winning a game gains 10 points, losing a game loses 15 points
and forfeiting a game loses 5 points. If Ivan has won 4 games, lost 3 games and
forfeited 3 games in the competition, how many points would he get?
A. +40 points
B. +20 points
C. 20 points
D. +5 points
34. The rules of a dart game are as follows:

+5 +1

Hitting the bull’s eye of the target gains 5 points; hitting the green region of the
target gains 1 point; missing the target loses 3 points.

6
 Chapter 1 Directed Numbers
If Steven threw 10 darts, 3 of them missed the target and 4 of them hit the
bull’s eye, how many points would he get?
A. +1 point
B. +3 points
C. +6 points
D. +14 points
1. Use directed numbers to represent the following situations.

(a) 6C below zero (b) A loss of $10 000

2. Fill in the blanks with suitable symbols. (> or <)

(a) 10______5 (b) 3______7 (c) 5______9 (d)
20______1
3. Arrange the following numbers in ascending order.
1
2, 5, 1, 0,  ,9
3
4. Arrange the following numbers in descending order.
0.3, 0.8, 0.7, 3, 3, 8, 8, 7
5. Evaluate the following.
(a) 8 + (3) (b) 8 + 3 (c) 8 +
(3)
6. Evaluate the following.
(a) 4  20 (b) 4  (20) (c) 4  20 (d) 4  (20)
7. Evaluate the following.
(a) 5  3 (b) 5  (3) (c) 5  (3)
8. Evaluate the following.
(a) 8  (4) (b) (8)  4 (c) (8)  (4)
9. Evaluate the following.
(a) (3)  (5) + (6) (b) (8) + (8)  (8)
10. Evaluate the following.
(a) (20)  4  (6) (b) (5)  (5)  (5)
11. Evaluate the following.
(a) 5 + (3)  (6) (b) (12)  (4) 9
12. Evaluate the following.
2 3 2 3 2 3
(a) +(− ) (b) − + (c) − +(− )
3 4 3 4 3 4
13. Evaluate the following.
2 1 1 5 3 1
(a) − (b) − −(− ) (c) (d)
5 2 3 6 8 6
14. Evaluate the following.
3 1 1 3 1
2 −3 3 −2 −3
(a) 4 6 (b) 6 (c) 4 6 (d) 

7
 Chapter 1 Directed Numbers
1
3
6
15. Evaluate the following.
1 3 4 12 8
− × =−
(a) 3 (b) 5 7 35 (c) 11
16. Evaluate the following.
(a) 1.5  2.4 + 3.6 (b) 1.5  (2.4)  3.6
17. Evaluate the following.
4 3
(a) (−3) (b) −2 4 (c) (−4) (d)
−5 3
18. Evaluate the following.
2 2 2 2 2 2
(a) −4×(−5) (b) (−7 ) (c) −5 +(−6 ) (d) (−5) −(−6 )
19. Evaluate the following.
2
−5 −5
(a) ( )2 (b)
−6 (−6)2

20. Fill in the blanks with suitable symbols. (> or <)

1 1
(a)  ______ (b) 2.8______3.8 (c)
3 5
1
0.5______
4
21. Arrange the following numbers in ascending order.
16 1 1
2.4, 2.6,  3 , 3,  4 ,  7
22. Evaluate the following.
(a) 2 + (5)  (8)  12  (2) (b) (4  8)  (5  7)  2  30  (5)
23. Evaluate the following.
2 1 8
(a) ×(−2 )+(−4)÷ (b) 0.3 + (8.4)  [(2.5)  4]
3 2 5
4 3 2
24. Evaluate (−3) +(−2 ) ×[3×(−5)+11] .

25. Evaluate the following.

4
(a) 3−2 (b)

4 2 2 3
3−2 +(−5) −4×(−3) −6×2

26. Evaluate the following.

8
 Chapter 1 Directed Numbers

1
(a) −[−(− )] (b)
8
2 5 4 1 1
[− − −(− )]×(0− )−[−(− )]
3 3 3 2 8
27. Evaluate the following.

−2 −2 −3 2 −3
(a) (b) −[ ]× ÷
0+(−3) 0+(−3 ) 2 (−7)2

28. (a) Evaluate the following.

2 2 3 3 2 2
(i) (−5) +2(−5)(4)+4 (ii) 4 −(−2) −3( 4) (−2)+3(4)(−2)
2 2
(−5) +2(−5 )(4 )+4
(b) Evaluate 4 −(−2)3 −3(4 )2 (−2)+3( 4 )(−2 )2 .
3

−2
2−
−2
2+
−2
2−
29. Evaluate 2+2 .
30. A company had a profit of $12 000 in the first month, a loss of $14 000 in the
second month, a loss of $20 000 in the third month and a profit of $8 000 in the
fourth month. Use directed number to represent the net profit.
31. In a Mathematics competition, there are 10 questions of equal marks. You get
10 marks for a correct answer, lose 8 marks for a wrong answer, or no mark for
each blank answer. If Jimmy answered 3 questions correctly, 6 questions
wrongly, and left 1 question unanswered, how many marks could he get?
32. On a certain day, the temperatures of five cities were as follows:

City Temperature (C)

HKSAR 16
Melbourne 21

Chicago 14

Berlin 5

Zurich 8

(a) Which city was the coldest on that day?

(b) Which city was the hottest on that day?
(c) Find the difference in temperature between the hottest and the coldest
cities on that day.
33. A dolphin jumped from 1.5 m below the sea-level to 4 m above the sea-level. It

9
 Chapter 1 Directed Numbers

touched a ball and then descended 7 m to the water.

(a) Find the distance between the dolphin and the ball initially.
(b) Use directed number to represent the distance between the dolphin
and the sea-level finally.
34. A model plane was 50 m above a building initially and then descended 140 m.
(a) How far was it above the top of the building?
(b) If the model plane ascended 80 m afterwards,
(i) how far was it above the top of the building?
(ii) was it above or below the top of the building?
35. On a certain day, the temperatures of a city were recorded. They were recorded
according to the differences between the temperatures of two consecutives
hours.

Time Change in temperature (C) Actual temperature (C)

9:00 a.m. 10

10:00 a.m. +3 7

11:00 a.m. 2
12:00 noon +1

1:00 p.m. +2 6
2:00 p.m. 0
3:00 p.m. +1

4:00 p.m. +0.5 4.5

5:00 p.m. 2

6:00 p.m. 4.5

(a) Complete the above table.

(b) At what time the temperature was the lowest?
(c) Find the difference between the highest and the lowest
temperatures from 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.

1. A
5
−
∵ 6 is a fraction. ∴ Incorrect.
∵ 0 is neither a positive number nor a negative number. ∴ Incorrect.
∵ 5 is a positive number. ∴ Incorrect.

10
 Chapter 1 Directed Numbers
∵ 5 is a negative integer. ∴ Correct.
2. A
Each number and 10 can be represented on the number line as follows:

1110987654321 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910

∵ On the number line, 11 is on the left-hand side of 10.

∴ 11 is less than 10.
3. D
Each number can be represented on the number line as follows:

321 0 1 2

∴ 3 < 1 < 0 < 2

4. B
Each number can be represented on the number line as follows:

1
2
2 3 4 7
3 4 5 8
7
∴ The largest number is .
8
5. D
On the number line,
∵ 5 is on the left-hand side of 0, i.e. 5 < 0. ∴ Incorrect.

∵ 0 is on the right-hand side of 2, i.e. 0 > 2. ∴ Incorrect.

∵ 3 is on the left-hand side of 0, i.e. 3 < 0. ∴ Incorrect.
∵ 0 is on the left-hand side of +4, i.e. 0 < +4. ∴ Correct.
6. B
9 + 3 = 6
7. B
(7) + (+23) = 7 + 23
= +16
8. C
(13)  (+8) = 13  8
= 21
9. C

11
 Chapter 1 Directed Numbers

[(−10)+(−2)]−(−9)=(−10−2)+9
=−12+9
=−3
10. B
1 1 3 2
−[−4+(− + )]=−[−4+(− + )]
2 3 6 6
1
=−[−4+(− )]
6
1
=−(−4− )
6
1
=−(−4 )
6
1
=+ 4
6
11. B
(−9)(−1)=+(9×1)
=+9
12. D
(+18)÷(−18)=−(18÷18)
=−1
13. A
1 1
(+5)÷(+ )=+(5÷ )
2 2
=+(5×2)
=+10
14. B
(−1)(+1)(−1)(+1)=+(1×1×1×1)
=+1
15. C
2 3 (−24 )(−34 )(+6)
(−24 )÷(− )×(− )×(+6 )= 2
3 4 − 3
3
+(24×4 ×6)
¿ 2
−3
108
¿−2
3
¿−162
16. C

12
 Chapter 1 Directed Numbers

(−3)×[(−4)−(−5)]=(−3)×(−4+5)
=(−3)×(+1)
=−(3×1)
=−3
17. C
(+2)−(+6) +2−6
=
(−3)−(−7) −3+7
−4
=
+4
=−1
18. B

−(−4)−[(+5)+(−6)]=+4−(+5−6)
=+4−(−1)
=+4+1
=+5
19. C
∵ (1) 73 = 1 and (1) 11 = 1
73 11
∴
(−1) ×(−1) =(−1)×(−1)

=+ 1

20. C
−3 2 +(−1)2×(−4)2 ÷(−2)2 =−9+1×16÷4
¿−9+4
¿−5
21. C
∵ Positive numbers represent profit, negative numbers represent loss.
∴ $15 represents $15 loss.
22. D
∵ Positive numbers represent ascending, negative numbers represent
descending.
∴ Descending 1 m is represented by 1 m.
23. A
∵ Positive number represents deposit, negative number represents
withdrawal.
∴ Depositing $1 700 is +$1 700, depositing $180 is +$180.
24. D

13
 Chapter 1 Directed Numbers
Temperature change= (2ºC)  (+4ºC)
= 2ºC  4ºC
= 6ºC
25. C
Final temperature = (+16ºC)  (+24ºC)
= +16ºC  24ºC
=  8ºC
26. B
The distance between A and C = 3  (6)
= 3 + 6
=3
27. B
Overall change in the temperature =(−3−4−5+6)°C =−6 °C

28. C
Change in pocket money = (+$320) + ($400) + (+$100)
= +$320  $400 + $100
= $20
∴ Increased by $20.

29. A

The value of E = (7) + (+10) = 7 + 10 = 3

The value of F = (+3)  (+13) = 3  13 = 10
30. D

∵ According to the rules for the order of operations, we first do

multiplications and divisions before additions and subtractions.
∴ Multiplication first: (1)  (10) = 10
Then Addition: (9) + 10 = 1
31. A
Number of storeys between the basement B1 and the 1st floor = (+1)  (1)
=1+1
=2
Number of storeys between the 1st floor and the basement B2 = (+1)  (2)
=1+2
=3
Number of storeys between the basement B2 and the 2nd floor = (+2) 
(2)
=2+2

14
 Chapter 1 Directed Numbers
=4
∴ Total number of storeys = 2 + 3 + 4 = 9
32. D
Claudia’s mark = 82  2
= 80
∵ 86  80 = +6
∴ Vivian gets +6 marks above the mark Claudia got.
33. C

The points that Ivan would get =4×10+3×(−15)+3×(−5)

=40+(−45 )+(−15 )
=40−45−15
=−20
34. D

The points that Steven would get =4×(+5 )+3×(−3)+(10−3−4 )×(+1 )

=(+20 )+(−9)+(+3 )
=+ 20−9+3
=+ 14
1. (a) 6C
(b) $10 000
2. (a) 10 > 5
(b) 3 < 7
(c) 5 > 9
(d) 20 < 1
1
3. 2 < 1 <  <0<5<9
3
4. 8 > 3 > 0.8 > 0.3 > 0.7 > 3 > 7 > 8
5. (a) 8 + (3) = 8  3
= 5
(b) 8 + 3 = −5
(c) 8 + (3) = 8 3
= −11
6. (a) 4  20 = −16
(b) 4  (20) = 4 + 20
= 24
(c) 4  20 = −24
(d) 4  (20) = 4 + 20
= 16

15
 Chapter 1 Directed Numbers

7. (a) 5  3 = −15
(b) 5  (3) = −15
(c) 5  (3) = 15
8. (a) 8  (4) = −2
(b) (8)  4 = −2
(c) (8)  (4) = 2
9. (a) (3)  (5) + (6) = 3 + 5  6
=26
= −4
(b) (8) + (8)  (8) = 8  8 + 8
= −8
10. (a) (20)  4  (6) = 5  (6)
= 30
(b) (5)  (5)  (5) = −5
11. (a) 5 + (3)  (6) = 5 + 18
= 13
(b) (12)  (4) 9 = 3  9
= −6
2 3 8−9
+(− ) =
12. (a) 3 4 12
1
=−
12
2 3 2 3 −8+9 1
− + −+= =
(b) 3 4 3 4 12 12
1
=
12
2 3 2 3
− +(− ) =− −
(c) 3 4 3 4
2 3 2 3 −8−9 17
− +(− )=− − = =−
3 4 3 4 12 12
17
=−
12
2 1 4−5
− =
13. (a) 5 2 10
1
=−
10
1 5 1 5
− −(− ) =− +
(b) 3 6 3 6

16
 Chapter 1 Directed Numbers
−2+5
=
6
3
=
6
1
=
2
3 5 −9−10
− − =
(c) 8 12 24
19
=−
24
1 3 1 3
(d) − +(− ) =− −
6 4 6 4
−2−9
=
12
11
=−
12
3 1 11 19
2 −3 = −
14. (a) 4 6 4 6
33−38
=
12
5
=−
12
3 1 3 1 11 19 33+38 71 3 1
2 −(−3 )=2 +3 = + = = =2 +3
(b) 4 6 4 6 4 6 12 12 4 6
3 1 3 1 1 19 3 +38 71
2 −(−3 )=2 +3 = + = =
4 6 4 6 4 6 12 12
33+38
=
12
71
=
12
3 1 11 19
−2 −3 =− −
(c) 4 6 4 6
3 1 11 19 −33−38 71
−2 −3 =− − = =−
4 6 4 6 12 12
71
=−
12
3 1 3 1 11 19 −33+18 5 3 1 3 1 1 19 −33+18 5
−2 −(−3 )=−2 +3 =− + = = −2 −(−3 )=−2 +3 =− + = =
(d) 4 6 4 6 4 6 12 12 4 6 4 6 4 6 12 12
11 19
=− +
4 6

17
 Chapter 1 Directed Numbers
−33+38
=
12
5
=
12
1 4 4
×(− )=−
15. (a) 3 5 15
3 4 12
− × =−
(b) 5 7 35
8 4 32
− ×(− )=
(c) 11 3 33
16. (a) 1.5  2.4 + 3.6 = 0.9 + 3.6
= 2.7
(b) 1.5 (2.4)  3.6 = 1.5 + 2.4  3.6
= 0.9  3.6
= −2.7
17. (a) (−3)4=81
(b) −2 4=−16
(c) (−4)3=−64
(d) −5 3=−125
2
18. (a) −4×(−5) = −4×25

= −100
2
(b) (−7) ÷(−7) = 49÷(−7)

= −7

(c) −5 2 +(−6)2 = 25 + 36

= 11
2 2
(d) (−5) −(−6 ) = 25  (36)

= 25 + 36
= 61
−5 2 25
( )=
19. (a) −6 36
2
−5 25
2
=−
(b) (−6) 36

18
 Chapter 1 Directed Numbers
1 1
20. (a)  3 <  5
(b) 2.8 > 3.8
1
(c) 0.5 < 
4
16 1 1
21.  3 < 3 < 2.6 < 2.4 <  4 < 7
22. (a) 2 + (5)  (8)  12  (2) = 2 + 40 
(6)
= 2 + 40 + 6

= 48
(b) (4  8)  (5  7)  2  30  (5) =
4  (2)  2  (150)
= 2  2 + 150
= 4 + 150

= −7
2 1 8 2 5 5 5 5 −10−15 −25 2 5 5
23. (a) ×(−2 )+(−4)÷ = ×(− )+(−4)× =− − = = = ×(− )+(−4 )×
3 2 53 2 8 32 6 6 3 2 8
2 1 8 2 5 5 5 5 −10−15 −25
×(−2 )+(−4)÷ = ×(− )+(−4)× =− − = =
3 2 53 2 8 32 6 6
−10−15
=
6
25
=−
6
(b) 0.3 + (8.4)  [(2.5)  4] = 0.3 +
(8.4)  (10)
= 0.3 + 0.84

= 0.54

4 3 2
24. (−3) +(−2) ×[3×(−5 )+11]
2 2
=81+(−8)×(−15+11) =81+(−8)×(−4)

2 2
=81+(−8)×(−15+11) =81+(−8)×(−4)
=81+(−8)×16

19
 Chapter 1 Directed Numbers
=81+(−8)×16=81−128=−47

=−47
4
25. (a) 3−2 = 3  16

= −13

4 2 2 3
(b) 3−2 +(−5) −4×(−3) −6×2 = 13 + 25  4  9  6  8 [By the

result of (a)]
= 13 + 25  36  48

= −72
1 1
26. (a) −[−(− )] =−( )
8 8
1
=−
8
2 5 4 1 1
(b) [− − −(− )]×(0− )−[−(− )]
3 3 3 2 8
2 5 4 1 1
=(− − + )×(− )−( )
3 3 3 2 8
−2−5+4 1 1
=( )×(− )−
3 2 8
3 1 1
=(− )×(− )−
3 2 8
1 1
=(−1 )×(− )−
2 8
−3 1 1 1 1 1 1
=( )×(− )− =(−1)×(− )− = −
3 2 8 2 828
4−1 3
= =
8 8
3
=
8
−2 −2
27. (a) =
0+(−3) −3
2
=
3

20
 Chapter 1 Directed Numbers

2
−2 −3 −3
(b) −[ ]× ÷
0+(−3 ) 2 (−7)2

2 9 −3
=− ×(− )÷ [By the result of (a)]
3 2 49
2
−2 −3 −3 2 9 −3 2 9 49 49
−[ ]× ÷ 2 =− ×(− )÷ =− ×(− )×(− )=3×(− )=−49
0+(−3) 2 (−7) 3 2 49 3 2 3 3
=−49
2 2
28. (a) (i) (−5 ) +2(−5)(4)+4 = 25 + (40) + 16

= 25  40 + 16

= −7
3 3 2 2
(ii) 4 −(−2) −3( 4) (−2)+3(4)(−2) = 64  (8)  (96) + 48

= 64 + 8 + 96 + 48

= −7
(−5)2 +2(−5 )(4 )+42 1
3 3 2
=
2 216
(b) 4 −(−2) −3(4 ) (−2)+3( 4 )(−2 )
[By the result of (a)(i) and (a)(ii)]
−2 −2 −2 −2 −2 −2
2− =2− =2− =2− =2− =2−
−2 −2 −2 2 4 10−4
2+ 2+ 2+ 2+(−2)× 2−
−2 1 5 5 5 5
2− 2+
29. 2+2 2 2
−2 −2 −2 −2 −2
=2− =2− =2− =2− =2−
−2 −2 2 4 10−4
2+ 2+ 2+(−2)× 2−
1 5 5 5 5
2+
2 2
−2 −2 −2 −2 −2
=2− =2− =2− =2− =2−
−2 −2 2 4 10−4
2+ 2+ 2+(−2)× 2−
1 5 5 5 5
2+
2 2
−2 −2 −2 −2 −2
=2− =2− =2− =2− =2−
−2 −2 2 4 10−4
2+ 2+ 2+(−2)× 2−
1 5 5 5 5
2+
2 2
−2
=2−
10−4
5

21
 Chapter 1 Directed Numbers
−2 5 5 5 6+5 1
=2− =2−(−2)× =2−(− )=2+ = =
6 6 3 333
5
−2 5 5 5 6+5 11
=2− =2−(−2)× =2−(− )=2+ = =
6 6 3 3 3 3
5
5
=2+
3
11
=
3
30. Net profit = $(12 000  14 000  20 000 + 8 000)
= $(2 000  20 000 + 8 000)
= $(22 000 + 8 000)
= $(14 000)
= −$14 000
31. Number of marks = 10(3) + (8)(6) + 1(0)
= 30  48 + 0
= −18
32. (a) Chicago
(b) Melbourne
(c) The difference = [21  (14)] C
= (21 + 14) C

= −7
33. (a) The distance
between the dolphin and the ball initially = 1.5 m + 4 m

= 5.5 m

(b) The distance

between the dolphin and the ball finally =4m7m

= −3 m

34. (a) 50 m  140 m = 90 m

∴ It was −90 m above the top of the building.

(b) (i) 90 m + 80 m = 10 m

∴ It was −10 m above the top of the building.

(ii) Below

22
 Chapter 1 Directed Numbers

35. (a) Actual temperature (C)

10

7

–7 – 2 = 9

–9 + 1 = 8

6

–6 + 0 = 6

–6 + 1 = 5

4.5

–4.5 – 2 = 6.5

–6.5 – 4.5 = 11

(b) 6:00 p.m.

(c) Highest temperature = 4.5C
Lowest temperature = 11 C
The difference = [4.5  (11)] C

= −$14 000

23