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Basic Electronics Lab (Experiment 2 Report) : Submitted By: Group: G7 Ashutosh Garg (2018MEB1213) Ashwin Goyal (2018MEB1214)

1) The document describes an experiment to study and compare half-wave rectifiers (HWR) and full-wave rectifiers (FWR). 2) Components used include a step-down transformer, diodes, resistors, a capacitor, and oscilloscope. Circuits were constructed and output voltages were measured with and without filtering. 3) Results showed that the ripple voltage was lower for FWR compared to HWR, and lower for circuits with filtering capacitors compared to without. The ripple voltage depends inversely on the capacitor size and load resistance.

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Ashutosh Garg
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150 views

Basic Electronics Lab (Experiment 2 Report) : Submitted By: Group: G7 Ashutosh Garg (2018MEB1213) Ashwin Goyal (2018MEB1214)

1) The document describes an experiment to study and compare half-wave rectifiers (HWR) and full-wave rectifiers (FWR). 2) Components used include a step-down transformer, diodes, resistors, a capacitor, and oscilloscope. Circuits were constructed and output voltages were measured with and without filtering. 3) Results showed that the ripple voltage was lower for FWR compared to HWR, and lower for circuits with filtering capacitors compared to without. The ripple voltage depends inversely on the capacitor size and load resistance.

Uploaded by

Ashutosh Garg
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Electronics Lab (Experiment 2 Report)

Submitted By:
Group: G7
Ashutosh Garg(2018MEB1213)
Ashwin Goyal(2018MEB1214)

Title:​ To study rectifiers: HWR and FWR.

Objective:​ 1) To construct a HWR and FWR rectifier circuits and analyse their outputs.
2) To analyse the rectifier outputs using a capacitor as a filter.

Components and equipment: ​A step-down transformer, 2PN junction diodes (1N 4007),
resistors (1K and 10K), Capacitor (100uF), Oscilloscope, Multimeters, Connecting wires,
Breadboard.

Introduction:​Half-wave rectifier circuit is unsuitable to applications which need a "steady


and smooth" dc supply voltage. One method to improve on this is to use every half-cycle of
the input voltage instead of every other half-cycle. The circuit which allows us to do this is
called a Full-wave Rectifier. Here, unidirectional current flows in the output for both the
cycles of input signal and rectifies it. The rectification can be done either by a centre tap full
wave rectifier (using two diodes) or a full wave bridge rectifier (using four diodes).
In this experiment we will study ripple behaviour of HWR and FWR.
The ripple voltage i.e. Vr is given by Vr = [Vp/(f.RL.C)] where, Vp is peak output voltage,
RL is load resistance and C is filter capacitor.

Fig. 1: Full wave Rectifier (This Is just for reference. We used the centre tap model of full
wave rectifier where only two diodes were used)

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Fig. 2: Half Wave Rectifier

Circuit Diagram:

Fig. 3: Half Wave Rectifier

Fig.4: Full Wave Rectifier

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Procedure:
i) Configure the half wave and full-wave rectifier circuit as shown in the circuit
diagram. Note down all the values of the components being used.
ii) Connect the primary side of the transformer to the a.c. Mains and secondary to the
input of the circuit.
iii) Feed the input and output to the oscilloscope
iv) Calculate the ripple factor and efficiency.
v) Connect the capacitor across the output for each load resistor. Measure the output
voltages once again and calculate the ripple factor.

DATA COLLECTED

HALF WAVE RECTIFIER

10,000 ohm without and with capacitor

1000 ohm without and with capacitor

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FULL WAVE RECTIFIER

10000 ohm without and with capacitor

1000 ohm without and with capacitor

Calculations:

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Result:
1. For HWR :
Ripple voltage if R is 1K = ......................... and 10 K= ..............................

2. For FWR :
Ripple voltage if R is 1K = ......................... and 10 K= ..............................

Conclusions:​ We came to the conclusion that due to the diode unidirectional property, we can
rectify an AC signal. The capacitor which is supposed to be attached to the circuit is used to
make the rectified signal to a nearly constant DC signal. The ripple voltage is generated due to
the load connected to the circuit and capacitor continuously charges and discharges with the
frequency of f and 2f in HWR and FWR respectively where f is the frequency of the input AC
supply.
Ripple voltage is directly dependent on the Capacitor and Load connected. We can’t have any
restrictions on the Load as we can use any type of load with the given circuit but we can choose
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the value of Capacitor according to out choice. More the capacitance of the capacitor, less will
be the ripple voltage but if we take the value of capacitor too large, then the charging time will
also increase which is not desirable.

Post-lab design questions:

Q. 1.​ When a 50Hz AC signal is fed to a rectifier, the ripple frequency of the output
voltage waveform for full bridge rectifier is
(a) 25 Hz (b) 50 Hz (c) 100 Hz (d)150 Hz
Answer:​ (c)100 Hz

Q. 2.​ What is the PIV of a diode full wave bridge rectifier circuit?
Answer: ​PIV = (V​s​ − 2V​d​ ) - (- V​d​ )= V​s​ − V​d
NOTE: Here, V​s , V​d are the peak voltage of source and peak voltage about the Load attached.
And we can assume that D​3​ is not conducting and D​2​ is conducting for derivation purposes.

Q. 3.​ What is the purpose of a filter in dc power supply?


Answer: ​A combination of diode as a rectifier is used to make the negative half cycles to the
positive half cycles. But to make the supply constant we need a filter. We used Capacitor as a
filter. In the figure below, we can clearly see that with the addition of a capacitor without any
load, the AC is supply is converted into DC. In real scenario, the load will be there, hence there
will be discharging of capacitor and hence we need to rectify the source and ripple with be
generated.

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Q. 4. ​For the figure shown below. Determine (a) the DC output voltage, (b) DC load
current, (c) the RMS value of the load current, (d) the DC power, (e) efficiency of
rectifier, (g) peak inverse voltage of each diode, and (h) output
frequency. Assume all diodes are ideal.
Answer:

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