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Problems On Time Independent Pertubation Theory M.Sc. Physics

This document contains 9 problems involving time-independent perturbation theory. The problems cover a range of physical systems including particles in 2D potentials, the hydrogen atom, harmonic oscillators, rigid rotors, and more. Perturbations include additional potential terms like λxy, and relativistic or other small corrections to Hamiltonians. The problems ask to determine if energy shifts are linear or quadratic in the perturbation parameter, calculate corrections to various energy levels to first and second order, determine if degeneracies are lifted, and more.

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47 views

Problems On Time Independent Pertubation Theory M.Sc. Physics

This document contains 9 problems involving time-independent perturbation theory. The problems cover a range of physical systems including particles in 2D potentials, the hydrogen atom, harmonic oscillators, rigid rotors, and more. Perturbations include additional potential terms like λxy, and relativistic or other small corrections to Hamiltonians. The problems ask to determine if energy shifts are linear or quadratic in the perturbation parameter, calculate corrections to various energy levels to first and second order, determine if degeneracies are lifted, and more.

Uploaded by

P.m
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MSc-I/QM/SET-II/2015

Problems on time independent pertubation


theory
M.Sc. Physics
Compiled by JM
[email protected]
1. Consider a particle in a two dimensional potential

V (x) = 0 for 0 < x < L, 0 < y < L


V (x) = ∞ otherwise

Write the energy eigenfunctions for the three lowest states.


Now we add a time independent pertubation of the form

V1 = λxy for 0 < x < L, 0 < y < L

(a) Is the energy shift due to perturbation linear or quadratic in λ for each
of the three states?
(b) Obtain expressions for energy shifts of the three lowest states accurate
to order λ. You need not evaluate integrals that may appear .
(c) Draw an energy diagram with and without perturbation for the three
energy states. Make sure to specify which unperturbed state is connected
to which perturbed state.
(d) You will find that the systematic degeneracy is lifted by this pertur-
bation. Now we have seen that other than the systematic degeneracy, we
also have the accidental degeneracy. For example (5, 5) and (7, 1) are de-
generate. Show that the perturbation as given above does not break this
accidental degeneracy.
2. Work out the quadratic Zeeman effect for the ground state hydrogen atom
e2 A 2
due to neglected 2mc 2 term in the Hamiltonian taken to first order. Write
2
the energy shift as ∆ = − χB
2 and obtain an expression for diamagnetic
susceptibility χ.
3. Consider two dimensional isotropic oscillator in 2 dimensions. Write down
the Hamiltonian in cartesian coordinates.
(a) What are the energies of three lowest lying states ? Is there any de-
generacy ?
(b) We now apply a perturbation V = δmω 2 xy where δ is a real dimen-
sionless parameter smaller than unity. Find the energy values upto 1st
order for each of the rhree lowest lying states.
(c) Solve the H0 +V problem exactly. Compare this result with the results
obtained in part (b).

1
(d) Now consider a perturbation to the Hamiltonian V = 21 xy(x2 + y 2 ) .
Compute to first order in the perturbation theory the effect of V on the
energies of the states calculated in part (a).
4. A harmonic oscillator is perturbed by (a) λx3 and (b) λx4 term. Find
first and 2nd order correction to the energy in both cases.

5. (a) Write down the Hamiltonian for the hydrogen atom. Now the proton
and electron interact not only through the electrostatic potential but also
by means of gravitational interaction.
(b) Write down the perturbation term due to the gravitational force.
(c) Calculate the first order energy shift of the ground state of hydrogen.
(d) Calculate the relative energy shift (i.e. ratio of 1st order energy shift
to the unperturbed ground state energy of hydrogen).
6. An electron at a distance x from a surface feels a potential

V (x) = − K
x for x > 0 K=constant
V (x) = ∞ x 6 0

(a) Find out the ground state energy level.


(b) Compute the Stark shift in the ground state using first order pertur-
bation theory.
7. A particle of mass m moves one dimensionally in the oscillator potential
V (x) = 21 mω 2 x2 . In the non relativistic limit where the kinetic energy
2
p
and momentum are related by T = 2m , the ground state energy is 12 ~ω.
Allow for relativistic corrections between T and p, compute the ground
state level shift ∆E to order c12 .
8. A quantum mechanical rigid rotor constrained to move in one plane has
moment of inertia I about the axis of rotational electric dipole moment µ.
(a) This rotor is placed in a weak uniform electric field which is in the
plane of rotation. Treating the electric field as perturbation , find the first
non-vanishing correction to the energy level of rotor.
(b) Now we perturb the rigid rotor by a potential H = A sin θ cos θ where θ
is the angular position of the circle. Find the correct zero order wave func-
tions for the two lowest states of this system and calculate their perturbed
energies to 2nd order.
9. Consider following figures below:

2
In each of the cases find energy values up to 1st Order .

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