Nvc

Vvci = Vc × Ri / ∑ Ri
i =1

J.-S. Wu, Mathew R. Smith, H.-P. Lin,

Preliminary Study of Sounding Rocket No. 11 H.-W. Hu, T.-L. Chen and M.-T. Ho

探空十一號火箭先期研究計畫
BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING (SD&M)
A hybrid rocket uses both a solid and a liquid as propellants. In a typical hybrid rocket, the fuel is a solid and the
oxidizer is a liquid with a throttle valve between them. The operation of a hybrid rocket is distinctly from the solid and The Structural Design and Manufacturing team is responsible for any aspect relating to the manufacture and
liquid rockets, although they do share several common components. In both the solid and liquid rockets, the fuel and construction of any rocket system component. The concepts of design and manufacturing are brought together to
oxidizer are premixed, while in the hybrid rocket the fuel and oxidizer are burned as a macroscopic turbulent diffusion remove any possible misunderstanding between otherwise separate design teams and a workshop. Figure 7 shows
flame where the oxidizer-to-fuel (O/F) ratio varies down the length of the combustion port. the potential loads acting on rocket structure. Those severe loads may induce structural resonance, mechanical and
thermal stresses and consequently cause the structural failures of deformation.
ADVANTAGES
The general goals of the design and manufacturing group are:
The hybrid rocket is a combination of both the rocket and liquid systems with half of the plumbing of the liquid rocket z Responsibility for manufacture of all rocket components and testing equipment
but retaining the flexibility of operation and avoiding the explosive nature of the solid rocket. z Design of all rocket components (excepting the telemetry and control systems) (Figure 8 )
The major advantages of the hybrid rocket include : z Design for inclusion of telemetry and control systems
z Finite element simulation of preliminary rocket designs (Figure 9)
z Safety without explosive concern,
z Development of future advanced manufacturing techniques for a hybrid rocket system.
z Flexibility in throttling and termination,
Planned tasks
z Grain robustness without the danger of explosion originating from the crack,
z Design and manufacturing of launch building. (Figure 10)
z Propellant versatility,
z Design of booster and pressure containers
z Temperature insensitivity to the operating chamber pressure, and
z Design of shock and vibrations
z Low cost benefiting from the safety features.
z Design of body structure
z Design of manufacturing and assembly FIGURE 7 - Potential loads acting of
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES rocket
The specific objectives for the Hybrid Rocket Project are : (Figure 1)
z To develop a rocket engine based on the use of hybrid propellants. The said rocket engine is required to produce a
minimum of 100 kg.f (981 N) thrust.
z To create a projectile, powered by the said hybrid rocket engine, capable of carrying a small load (~3 kg) to a
minimum altitude of 20 km.

The general goals of the Hybrid Rocket Project are:

z To develop a local skill base in Taiwan for the future of Taiwanese sounding rocket manufacture.
z To develop and implement cutting-edge simulation tools and associate technologies for application to future and
existing aerospace markets. FIGURE 8- Design and FIGURE 9 - Finite element model
z To develop and implement cutting-edge coupled design and manufacturing methods for application to existing manufacture of rocket for SR-6 sounding rocket
manufacturing markets. recovery system FIGURE 10 - Launch structure
z To demonstrate, through publication and a final manufactured product, the capacity of local academia and public
industry to cooperate in synergy to develop a cutting edge product. FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEMS AND GUIDANCE (FCS&G)
z To develop the infrastructure to develop a hybrid rocket powered projectile capable of reaching higher altitudes.
The flight control systems and guidance team is responsible for designing, implementing, manufacturing, and
14 months
testing the hardware and software of the avionics systems. Particularly, the proposed avionics systems include
Static burn test II the flight computer, data logger, IMU (inertial measurement unit), sensors, telemetry, communications and
Static burn test I Static burn test III power system.
The size and weight of the avionics system and its resistance to the harsh environmental conditions make their
interactions with the SD&M and A&P team essential. To define the functionalities of the flight computer, IMU,
sensors, and the flight sequence, the cooperation between other teams is essential. To define the power
consumption and communication interface, T&C and FCS&G teams will be in close cooperation.
PDR CDR GTR PSR The general goals of the Control Systems and Guidance team are:
(1 month) (7th month) (11-12th month) (13th month) 1. Design and build the avionics systems (excepting the telemetry and communication systems) (Figure 11)
2. Design for inclusion of telemetry and communication systems,
FIGURE 1 - Master Plan of 14-month Hybrid Rocket Project 3. Software development for sensor data processing, data logging and flight sequence control (Figure12 ),
4. Testing (hardware in the loop, static ground, dynamic 6-DOF Steward platform for IMU test and live
PROPOSED WORKING TASKS flight) of the avionics systems (Figures 13 & 14).
USB
AERODYNAMICS AND PROPULSION (A&P) RS232
Antenna
The Aerodynamics and Propulsion team is responsible for characterizing the behavior of any fluid (or gas) in or SCI SCI 3-antenna
GPS
around the hybrid rocket, and relating this information to other teams for their use. (Figure 2) GPIO
PWM PWM
Actuator
RF Driver Positions
3-axes (x, y, z)
The general goals of the aerodynamics and propulsion group are: TI
accelerometers Sensor fusion
SM320F2812-EP
z Design (through simulation) the layout of the combustion chamber.
Power A/D
Converter GPIO Event
algorithms
3-axes
z Design (through simulation) of the external surfaces of the rocket. (Figure 3) Control
gyroscope
IMU
z Design (through simulation and experimentation) of the rocket nozzle. GPIO
Attitude angles
z Design and manufacture (through simulation and experimentation) of the fuel used by the rocket. (Figure 4) Sensors
SRAM MRAM
Barometers ( pitch, yaw, roll)
Data
z Prediction (through simulation) of the full-trajectory performance of the rocket incorporating the above 4 issues. Battery
Logger

(Figures 5 & 6)
FIGURE 11 – Preliminary proposed architecture of the FIGURE 12 - Sensor fusion system
proposed avionics systems.0
A pogee

R ocket m odel R S 2 3 2 /E th e rn e t
DAQ D /A
M o to r
NI PC NI S e p e ratio n

PC I 6602 PC I 6703 H o st
3 2 c h s (D IO ) 1 6 c h s (A O ) c o m p u te r
C o n tro l
sig n a ls S e n so ry
sig n a ls M o to r B u r n O u t
P a r a c h u te
D ig ita l D e p lo y m e n t
A /D
O /P

F lig h t c o m p u te r
Touch D ow n
Launch

FIGURE 13 – Hardware configuration of HIL

FIGURE 2 – Sketch of test rig for static burn testing FIGURE 5 – SIMULINK model of an ideal rocket FIGURE 14 - Flight state flow
with 1 degree of freedom (altitude). TELEMETRY & COMMUNICATIONS (TT&C)
of hybrid-propellant motor.
The Telemetry team faces the enviable challenge of implementing communications between ground control and the
4
rocket systems. The weight of batteries and equipment, their resistance to the vibrations experienced during flight and
x 10
2.5 overcoming transmission restrictions make their interactions with the Design and Manufacturing team essential. To
2
prevent redundancy in systems (for example, power supply systems) between Telemetry and Control Systems, both
teams will be in close cooperation.
1.5
Altitude (meters)

The general goals of the telemetry and communications group are:

1
z Design of communication systems with the rocket (Figures 15 &16).
0.5 z Testing (both static ground and live flight) of all communication systems,
z Administration and government interactions with regard to such activities, Down conv I
0
DIF I
BB
Up conv I UIF I A
BB BPF ADC
BPF A DAC
-0.5
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Time, (seconds) Rx
A
A
RF module
Down conv

FIGURE 3 - The CFD simulation of a FIGURE 4 - [Top] Mach number, and FIGURE 6 – Predicted altitude as a Up conv
Lo 2
Lo 2

BPF A
[Bottom] Temperature calculated using BPF LNA BPF

rocket launcher using UNIC-UNS. function of flight time from the PA driver BPF BPF A
Phase
Phase shift
90
Tx shift 90
UNIC-UNS for a simplified model of a SIMULINK mode in figure 2. RF module A A
A
hybrid rocket engine. Lo 1
A
Lo 1
UIF Q
BB DIF Q BB
BPF A DAC A
BPF ADC

Up conv Q
Down conv Q

FIGURE 15 - transmitter on the rocket FIGURE 16 – receiver on the ground

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Prof. J.-S. Wu (吳宗信) National Chiao Tung University (NCTU) TESTING (TEST) ADMINISTRATION AND LOGISTICS (A&L)
Dr. Mathew R. Smith (李文修) National Center for High-performance Computing (NCHC) The general goals of the testing group are: The general goals of the Administration and Logistics team
Prof. H.-P. Lin (林信標) National Taipei University of Technology (NTUT) z Responsibility for all tests (static and flight tests) are:
Prof. H.-W. Hu (胡惠文) National Pingtung University of Science and Technology (NPUST) z Design of all test systems (with collaboration with z Manage the financial aspect of the project,
Prof. T.-L. Chen (陳宗麟) National Chiao Tung University (NCTU ) other groups) and logging of test data. z Organize and plan transportation requirements,
Prof. M.-T. Ho (何明字) National Cheng Kung University (NCKU) z Management of the static burn test facility. z Write and edit reports after each test, and
z Safety protocol and training of all testing staff. z Procurement of all materials.