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Expt Projectile Motion

1) The document describes an experiment on projectile motion, where a metal ball is launched horizontally and at angles using an apparatus. 2) The objectives are to analyze projectile motion and compute values like initial velocity, time of flight, maximum height, and range using the ball's horizontal and vertical displacements. 3) The experiment involves launching a ball from an elevated position horizontally to measure its displacements, and launching it at various angles from the ground to determine the relationship between angle, range, and other motion variables.

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Georgette Repunte
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153 views

Expt Projectile Motion

1) The document describes an experiment on projectile motion, where a metal ball is launched horizontally and at angles using an apparatus. 2) The objectives are to analyze projectile motion and compute values like initial velocity, time of flight, maximum height, and range using the ball's horizontal and vertical displacements. 3) The experiment involves launching a ball from an elevated position horizontally to measure its displacements, and launching it at various angles from the ground to determine the relationship between angle, range, and other motion variables.

Uploaded by

Georgette Repunte
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cebu Institute of Technology - University

Physics Laboratory

Experiment No. 2
Projectile Motion

_____________________
____________________
NAME/COURSE/YEAR SECTION

_____________________
____________________
GROUP DATE

I. OBJECTIVE
 Analyze the motion of a projectile

II. APPARATUS AND MATERIALS:

Iron stand Launcher Metal Ball Steel tape

III. THEORY
An object launched into space without motive power of its own,
which travels freely under the action of gravity and air resistance
alone, is called a projectile or ballistic missile. If one body falls
freely from rest at the same time that another object is projected
horizontally from the same height, the two will strike the ground
simultaneously. The first conclusion may be drawn from this
experiment is that the downward acceleration of any projectile is the
same as that of a freely falling body and takes place independently
of its horizontal motion. Furthermore, an experimental measurement
of time and distance shows that the horizontal velocity of projection
continues unchanged and takes place independently of the vertical
motion.
In other words, a projectile carries out two motions independently:
(1) A constant horizontal velocity, v, and
(2) A vertically downward acceleration

With an initial horizontal velocity, v, the horizontal distance x traveled is


proportional
to the square of the time and is given by the equation:

x = vt (1)

As the body falls at the same time with an acceleration, g, the vertical
distance h is
proportional to the square of the time and is given by
1
h = gt2 (2)
2

Since the motion obeys the above formulas at the same time, the path
traversed is a parabola.
As a proof, (1) is solved first for t, then both sides of the equation are
squared to obtain:

𝑥2
t2 = (3)
𝑣2

If we substitute (3) for 2 t in (2) we obtain


𝑔
h= x2 (4)
2𝑣 2
For any specified value of the velocity, v, the terms in the parentheses
are all constants
and we may write

y = kx2

which is the equation of the parabolic path.


Many missiles follow a parabolic path when projected into the air.
Such is the case only for low-speed projections where the retarding force
of air friction is negligible. For high-speed projectiles, the air continually
slows the motion down and the path departs from a parabola. The higher
the velocity, the greater the departure from a parabolic path.

As a rule, the known factors concerning a given projectile are the


initial velocity of a projectile, v, and the angle of projection, . The latter
is always measured from the horizontal, and in the case of bullets and
shells, the elevation angle, θ, of the gun. The factors to be calculated are:
(1) time of flight;
(2) maximum height reached; and
(3) range attained.
The time of flight of a projectile is the time required for the projectile to
return to the same level from which it was fired. The maximum height or
the summit is the greatest vertical distance reached by the projectile, as
measured from the horizontal projection plane while the range is the
horizontal distance from the point of projection to the point where the
projectile returns again to the projection plane.

IV. METHOD:
PART 1
Ball fired horizontally from an elevated position
Figure 2.1
A ball is fired horizontally from an elevated position and its horizontal
distance and vertical distance of fall are measured. From these distances
the initial velocity, time to reach the ground, vertical velocity, and
horizontal velocity, velocity of impact and angle of projection are
computed.

PART 2

Ball fired at an angle from the ground


Figure 2.2
A ball is fired at an angle from the ground and the ranges are measured.
From the angle of projection and the range, the time of flight, maximum
height reached and initial velocities are computed.

V. PROCEDURE:

Part I. Elevated Body


1. Mount the launcher on the iron stand and place the metal ball into
the launcher.
2. Measure the vertical distance or position of the ball from the floor
to the launcher.
3. Fire the launcher by pulling on the string and note the approximate
place where
the ball strikes the floor.
4. Place a clean sheet of paper at the approximate location on the
floor. This
arrangement automatically marks the spot when the ball strikes the
paper.
5. Fire the launcher five times and measure the horizontal distance
traveled by the
ball.
6. Solve the initial velocity (magnitude and direction) of the ball
using appropriate
formula.

Part II. Body Projected at an Angle


1. Mount the launcher on the iron stand and position its muzzle on
one end of the
laboratory table.
2. Adjust the launcher so that the ball will be shot at the desired angle
of 15° and
note the approximate place where the ball strikes the table.
3. Measure the range of the ball using a steel tape.
4. Repeat steps 3 and 4 but this time using angles 30°, 45°, 60° and
75°.
5. Using the appropriate formula, compute the following quantities:
a. Total time of flight
b. Maximum height attained
c. Range of the projectile

Formula
Part 1: Elevated Body Part 2: Body Projected at an
Angle
2ℎ 2𝑣𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
1. T= √ 1. T =
𝑔 𝑔
𝑥 𝑣𝑜 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
2. 𝑣𝑜 = 2. H =
𝑡 2𝑔
2 sin 2𝜃
3. Rcomp = 𝑣𝑜 2𝑔

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