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Laser Based Foot Fall Counter

it counts persons whose enter in a particular room. turn off /on light according to number of persons whose are present in room

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Prahlad Prajapat
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83 views

Laser Based Foot Fall Counter

it counts persons whose enter in a particular room. turn off /on light according to number of persons whose are present in room

Uploaded by

Prahlad Prajapat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Category:-Project

Laser Based Foot Fall Counter

Name :- prahlad prajapat

Email.id :[email protected]

Acharya Narendra dev college

University of Delhi

ABSTRACT:-
This project has been completed under
“SPIE international society “.it basically
countess numbers of persons whose
enters in room . if there is not present
any person ,lights ,fans and other
electrical devices will turn off
automately.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:-
I would like to express our special thinks of gratitude to
my department teacher Dr. monika bhatacharya and
senior student hardik minocha who help me to do this
wonderful project on the topic “laser based footfall
counter” . I am very thankful to ‘ spie’ teacher
convener Dr. amit garg who gave me the golden
opportunity to do this wonderful project .
For carrying out the project work ,I need to do lots of
research and I came across many new findings and facts
.this enlightened me more on topics which are of
contemporary relevance in today’s world and I am
really thankful to them . many social media sites and
search engine like Google , you tube etc helped me to
do this project.
PURPOSE:-
Basically, this project works for saving electricity
and energy ,it also works as security system .
INTRODUCTION:-

In this effort a foot fall counter is designed using Arduino programming.


The project makes use of laser and LDRs to design a system which can
control the lights and operation of various electrical appliances in a
room. The light is turned on whenever any person enters the room and
is turned off when the room is vacant. The designed system comprises of
two gates. Whenever a person crosses both these gates, lights in the
room will switch on and a count is maintained for the number of persons
entering the room. On the contrary, whenever a person leaves the room
count is decreased. The system can be extended to create an automated
class room attendance taking scheme wherein a person entering the
classroom is swiping his card and attendance is given to him. Further,
electrical devices can also be controlled using this system as per the
requirement.

APPARATUS:-

LDR( light dependent resistor) :-

This resistor works on the principle of photo-conductivity. when


light falls on its surface then the material conductivity reduces and also
the electrons in the valence band of the device are excited to the
conduction band. These photons in the incident light must have energy
greater than the band-gap of semiconductor material. This makes the
electrons to jump from the valence band to conduction band. so it can be
said that when light falls on the LDR then resistance of the LDR
decreases and increases in the darkness.
LASER LIGHTS :-

A LASER is a device that emits light through a process of optical


amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic
radiation. A LASER differs from other sources of light in that it emits
light coherently. Spatial coherent allows a laser to be focused on LDRs

Arduino:-
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy to
use hardware and software. Arduino boards are able to read input light
as an a sensor, fingers on a button or a twitter message and turn it into
an output, activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing something
online.

Types of Arduino in the basis of circuit types :-


(I) Arduino Uno.

(II) Mega arduino.

(III) Nano arduino.

(IV) Pro Mini arduino.

There is used arduino Uno in this project

ports of arduino circuit:-

USB plug.

External power supply.

reset button.

digital pins (13 pins).

analog pins (6 pins).

Note digital pins 3, 5, 6, 9 and 10 also works as PMW pins.


Input devices send signals to arduino board through analog pins.
Arduino program created by user is stored in IC of arduino. Arduino
gives instructions to output device according to program. It can be said
that arduino works like as small computer.

Working :-

This project is based on arduino programming. There are used LDR and laser
lights in the project. 2 LDRs and 2 laser lights are being focused on each other. In
absence of laser light LDR value remains below 500 and above 500 when laser
light falls on it .In this project LDR 1 and LDR 2 is assigned value by pin A3 and
pin A4 respectively and LED is connected with digital pin 13 of arduino board. If
any object or person triggers gate 1 then LRD 1 has its value reduced below 500,
because of the presence of “do while” loop the program doesn't proceed to next
instruction until the value of LDR 2 has been reduced to a number below 500. It
means the program will not proceed until anyone Triggers gate 2. Here a variable
P has been defined which denotes the number of person. when any object or
person crosses gate 1 first and after then gate 2, the value of variable P is
increased by 1 and LED is switched ON. if any object or person triggers gate 2
first then LDR 2 has its value reduced below 500 because of the presence of “do
while” loop the program doesn't proceed to next instruction until the value of
LDR 1 has been reduced to a number below 500, it means the program will not
proceed until person triggers gate 1 ,so that any object or person crosses gate 2
first and after then gate 1 then the value of variable P is decreased by 1. If P is
remains greater than zero then LED remains ON and if P is zero then LED remains
OFF so we can say that if at least one person present in the room then, LED
remains ON otherwise LED remains OFF
It works for conservation of electrical energy.

LONG TERM GOAL:-


With help of ultra –sonic sensors and other
sensors this system could be expanded for
Managing electrical devices in larger and
more complicated locations.

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