SACS® Dynpac

Dynpac
RELEASE 6
USER’S MANUAL

ENGINEERING DYNAMICS, INC.

2113 38TH STREET
KENNER, LOUISIANA 70065
U.S.A.

No part of this document may be

reproduced in any form, in an
electronic retrieval system or
otherwise, without the prior
written permission of the publisher.

Copyright © 2005 by
ENGINEERING DYNAMICS, INC.
Printed in U.S.A.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 OVERVIEW
The Dynpac program module generates dynamic characteristics including eigenvectors
or natural mode shapes, eigenvalues or natural periods and modal internal load and stress
vectors for a structure.
Because the Dynpac module provides the mode shapes and masses required for modal
dynamic analysis, its execution is required prior to execution of any of the SACS
dynamic programs.

1.2 PROGRAM FEATURES

Dynpac requires a SACS input model file or output structural data file and a Dynpac
input file for execution. The program creates a common solution file containing
normalized mode shapes, frequencies, internal loads etc. and a mass file.
Some of the main features and capabilities of Dynpac program module are:
1. Full six degree of freedom modes supported.
2. Guyan reduction of non-inertially loaded (slave) degrees of freedom.
3. Generates structural mass and fluid added or virtual mass automatically.
4. Supports lumped or consistent mass generation.
5. User input lumped or consistent mass capability.
6. Ability to convert model input loading to mass.
7. Utilizes hydrodynamic properties and modeling from Seastate module.
8. Plate and beam element structural density overrides.
9. Member and member group fluid added mass property overrides.
10. Determines modal mass participation to allow determination of number of modes
required for subsequent dynamic analyses.
11. Ability to override plate added mass coefficient.
12. Ability to override plate properties by plate group.
13. Includes P-Delta capabilities in addition to cable elements.

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SECTION 2
DYNPAC MODELING AND INPUT

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2.0 DYNAMIC MODELING AND INPUT

The Dynpac program requires a SACS model file or output structural data file and a
Dynpac input file. The model file must contain minimal additional dynamic modeling
information in order to perform the Dynpac analysis, namely, the dynamic analysis
option ‘DY’ must be specified in columns 19-20 on the ‘OPTIONS’ input line, joint
retained (master) degrees of freedom (DOF) must be specified in the joint fixity columns
on the appropriate ‘JOINT’ input line(s) and a ‘LOAD’ header must exist in the model
file even if no loading is specified.

2.1 RETAINED DEGREES OF FREEDOM

Dynpac uses a set of master (retained) degrees of freedom, selected by the user, to
extract the Eigen values (periods) and Eigen vectors (mode shapes). All stiffness and
mass properties associated with the slave (reduced) degrees of freedom are included in
the Eigen extraction procedure. The stiffness matrix is reduced to the master degrees of
freedom using standard matrix condensation methods. The mass matrix is reduced to the
master degrees of freedom using the Guyan reduction method assuming that the stiffness
and mass are distributed similarly. All degrees of freedom which are non-inertial (no
mass value) must be slave degrees of freedom. After modes are extracted using the
master degrees of freedom, they are expanded to include full 6 degrees of freedom for all
joints in the structure. The expanded modes are used for subsequent dynamic response
analysis.
Any joint degree of freedom, X, Y and Z translation and/or rotation, to be retained for
extraction purposes must be designated in the model. A joint DOF may be retained by
specifying a ‘2’ in the appropriate fixity column on the ‘JOINT’ input line. Specifying a
‘0’ or leaving the fixity field blank designates the DOF as a slave degree of freedom to
be reduced. For example, to retain the X and Z translation degrees of freedom, specify
‘202’ or ‘2 2’ in columns 55-57 on the ‘JOINT’ line defining the joint.
Note: Columns 55, 56 and 57 pertain to global X, Y and Z translation
respectively and columns 58, 59, and 60 to X, Y and Z rotation
respectively.

Support degrees of freedom require no special modeling for dynamic purposes.

Note: Specifying a ‘2’ or ‘0’ for a particular DOF, has no effect for
static analysis.

In dynamic analysis, to accurately calculate the effects of a concentrated mass along the
length of a member it is best to include a joint at that location. Also, if a local mode due
to the concentrated mass is important to the analysis, then the model should include
retained degrees of freedom at the joint at the location of the mass. In this way the
dynamic analysis will use mass which is distributed in a manner that matches the mass
distribution of the model.

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2.2 STRUCTURAL MASS

2.2.1 Generating Structural Mass Automatically

By default, Dynpac generates structural mass for modeled beam, plate and shell elements
automatically. Structural masses are also generated if ‘SA’ is specified as one of the
execution options in columns 63-68 on the ‘DYNOPT’ line. Structural masses are not
generated if option ‘SO’ is specified in columns 63-68.
Structural mass may be calculated as lumped or consistent mass by specifying ‘LUMP’
or ‘CONS’ in columns 15-18 on the ‘DYNOPT’ line respectively. The lumped method
places all element mass at the nodes to which the element is connected while the
consistent approach assumes mass is distributed along the element. Although, the default
method is lumped, consistent mass may be desirable for structures immersed in fluid.
The following example indicates that the mass of modeled elements is to be calculated
by the program in addition to converting some load cases in the model file to mass. The
consistent mass approach is to be used.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890

DYNOPT CONS SA-Z

Note: Because the lumped approach does not generate mass moments of
inertia, the weight moment of inertia for each rotational DOF
retained must be specified in the Dynpac input file when using the
lumped approach.

2.2.1.1 Default Structural Density

For a beam element, the density specified on the GRUP input line is used as the default
when generating structural mass automatically, unless density is specified on the
MEMBER line. If structural mass is not specified the density specified on the
‘DYNOPT’ line is used.
The density specified on the PGRUP or PLATE input lines located in the model file are
used for plate elements. For shell elements on the other hand, the density specified in
columns 19-25 on the DYNOPT line is used. The density specified on the ‘SHELL’ line
is ignored by the Dynpac program module.

2.2.1.2 Overriding Structural Density

The density for individual members, plates, plate groups, shells and member groups may
be overridden for mass generation purposes. The member, plate, shell or group name,
along with the structural density override, are specified in the Dynpac input file on the
MBOVR, PLOVR, PGOVR, SHOVR and GROVR override lines, respectively.
The following example specifies that the density of member 101-157, member group
MM1, plate A101 and plate group PG1 is to be 100.0 for the purpose of determining the
dynamic characteristics.

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890

MBOVR 101 157 100.0

GROVR MM1 100.0
PLOVR A101 100.0
PGOVR PG1 100.0

2.2.2 Converting Loads to Mass Automatically

Loading contained in the SACS model file can be converted to structural joint or
member mass automatically by specifying ‘SA’ as one of the execution options in
columns 63-68 on the ‘DYNOPT’ input line.
The direction of loads to be converted and whether the same sign or the opposite sign of
the load is to be used when converting to mass must also be specified in the execution
options. If loading in the model file defined in the X direction is to be converted to mass,
then ‘±X’ should be specified. To convert loading defined in the Y or Z directions, ‘±Y’
or ‘±Z’ should be specified as one of the execution options respectively. The sign of the
load direction specified, denotes whether the mass calculated from the load line will have
the same sign as the load, designated by ‘+’, or the opposite sign of the load designated
by ‘-‘. For example, when converting loading in the global -Z direction (such as gravity
loading) to mass, the mass should have the opposite sign as the load specified (ie.
positive mass). Therefore, execution options ‘SA-Z’ (or ‘SO-Z’) should be specified on
the ‘DYNOPT’ input line.
The following example indicates that the mass of modeled elements is to be calculated
by the program in addition to converting load cases in the Z direction in the model file to
mass. The sign of the mass will be the opposite of the sign of the load.

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12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890

DYNOPT CONS SA-Z

Note: When converting loading to mass, the sign of the net load for any
load vector must be such that no negative mass is introduced.

2.2.2.1 Designating Load Cases to Convert to Mass

When loads specified in the SACS model file or Seastate input file are to be converted to
mass, only load cases specified on the LCSEL line(s) designated as dynamic load cases
(ie. function ‘DY’) are converted. For example, the following designates that load cases
4 and 5 are to be converted to mass by the program.
Note: Either the ‘SA’ or ‘SO’ options must be specified on the DYNOPT
line in order to convert the designated load cases to mass.

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12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890

LCSEL DY 4 5

Note: It is recommended to generate structural mass of the modeled

structure automatically rather than converting the gravity loading
created by Precede or Seastate.

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2.2.2.2 Factoring Load Cases

Load Cases may be factored when converting to mass using the LCFAC line in the
Seastate or model input file. In order to factor a load case, specify the load case and
factor on the LCFAC using option ‘DY’. For example, the following designates that 50%
of load cases 4 and 5 are to be converted to mass.
Note: Load cases 4 and 5 are specified on the LCSEL and LCFAC lines.

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12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890

LCSEL DY 4 5
LCFAC DY 0.50 4 5

2.2.3 User Input Joint Weight

Joint weights not defined in load cases designated to be converted to mass, may be
specified as user defined concentrated joint weights in the Dynpac input file.
Concentrated joint weights for X, Y and Z translational degrees of freedom and weight
moments of inertia for the X, Y and Z rotational degrees of freedom are specified along
with the joint name on the JTWGT line and are converted to masses automatically.
The following designates that X,Y and Z weight of 10.0 is to be applied at joints 601 and
603.

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12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890

JTWGT 601 10.0 10.0 10.0

JTWGT 603 10.0 10.0 10.0

2.2.4 Structural Mass Contingency Factors

Any mass generated by Dynpac or supplied as a load case in a SACS input file may be
given a “contingency factor” via the ‘DYNOP2’ line. The contingency factor is a
multiplier used to increase or decrease the affect of the mass on structural loading. The
contingency factor for structural mass generated by Dynpac is entered in columns 8-13;
the contingency factor for masses entered as SACS load cases is entered in columns
14-19.
The ‘DYNOPT’ line in the following example specifies that loading in the -Z direction
will be converted to structural mass. The ‘DYNOP2’ line specifies that Dynpac
generated mass is to be given a contingency factor of 25% (1.25) whereas mass obtained
from SACS loading in the -Z direction is to be given a contingency factor of 10% (1.10).

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12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890

DYNOPT CONS SA-Z

DYNOP2 1.25 1.10

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2.3 FLUID MASS

2.3.1 Generating Fluid Added Mass Automatically

For structures immersed in fluid, the added or virtual mass and the mass of entrapped
fluid can be generated automatically. By default, the fluid mass, mudline elevation and
the water depth are read from the model file or from the Seastate input data. If this data
has not been previously specified in the model, it must be specified on the DYNOPT line
(in the Dynpac input file) in columns 26-32, 33-39 and 40-46, respectively. The normal
and axial added mass coefficients for members surrounded by fluid are input in columns
49-53 and 54-58 on the DYNOPT line.
Note: Values specified for fluid mass, mudline elevation and water depth
will override any values input in the model file or in Seastate
input data.

By default, the virtual mass is calculated based on the added mass coefficient in columns
49-53 on the DYNOPT line and actual member diameter unless an effective diameter is
specified in columns 73-78 on the MEMBER input line. For plate elements, the virtual
mass is determined using the added mass coefficient specified in columns 49-53 unless a
value is indicated in columns 59-62 on the DYNOPT line.
The following specifies that the default added mass coefficient is 1.0 for beam elements
and 0.01 for plate elements (ie. effectively ignoring plate mass).

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12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890

DYNOPT CONS 1.0 0.01

2.3.1.1 Member Overrides for Fluid Added Mass Generation

The effective member diameter used for added mass calculation may be overridden for
individual members or for member groups using the ‘MBOVR’ or the ‘GROVR’ lines
respectively in the Dynpac input file.
The following overrides the effective diameter of member 101-157 and member group
MM1 to 0.001, thus ensuring that no added mass is calculated for these members.

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12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890

MBOVR 101 157 0.001

GROVR MM1 0.001

2.3.1.2 Plate Overrides for Fluid Added Mass Generation

The added mass coefficent for plates and plate groups may be overridden using the
PLOVR and PGOVR lines, respectively in the Dynpac input file. The following specifies
that the plate added mass coefficent for plate A101 and plate group PG1 is 0.001.

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12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890

PLOVR A101 0.001

PGOVR PG1 0.001

2.3.2 Generating Fluid Entrapped Mass Automatically

Entrapped mass is calculated for members designated as flooded in the model file based
on the actual diameter of the member.

2.3.2.1 Member Overrides for Fluid Entrapped Mass Generation

The flood condition may be overridden for all members on the DYNOPT line in columns
47-48. The flood condition for individual members or member groups may be changed
using the MBOVR or the GROVR line images in the Dynpac input file.
The following overrides the flood condition of member 101-157 and member group
MM1 to non-flooded, thus ensuring that no entrapped mass is calculated for these
members.

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12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890

MBOVR N 101 157 0.001

GROVR MM1 N 0.001

Note: The flood condition specified on the ‘DYNOPT’ line overrides any
existing flood condition for all members in the model unless flood
condition is changed with subsequent ‘MBOVR’ or ‘GROVR’ lines.

2.4 HYDRODYNAMIC MODELING USING SEASTATE

The Seastate program can be used to account for the hydrodynamic affects of unmodeled
structural items and/or marine growth. Seastate updates the member lines to account for
the density and effective diameter due to marine growth specified on ‘MGROV’ lines in
the SACS model or in the Seastate input file. Member density is also updated to reflect
the effective density based on any density and/or cross section area overrides specified in
the Seastate input. The effective member diameter in columns 73-78 on the ‘MEMBER’
input line is updated to account for any local Y and Z force dimension overrides
specified (in addition to effects of marine growth).
Note: Seastate must be executed with ‘DYN’ specified in columns 56-58 on
the ‘LDOPT’ line in the Seastate input file or with the
appropriate option specified in the Executive in order to generate
hydrodynamic properties. The model updates are contained in the
output structural data file created. See the Seastate User’s
Manual for a detailed discussion.

2.5 SIMULATING NON-LINEAR FOUNDATIONS

Because the dynamic capabilities in the SACS system use linear theory (ie. modal
superposition), non-linear foundations must be represented with a linearly equivalent
system. The equivalent linear foundation model must be incorporated into the SACS
model for the purposes of dynamic analysis.

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Note: The Pile program module can be used to determine the length,
properties and offsets for equivalent pile stub elements used to
represent the soil-pile interaction. See the PSI/Pile program
user’s manual for a detailed discussion.

2.5.1 Including Linearized Foundation Automatically

The PSI program may be used to generate an equivalent foundation stiffness matrix or
super-element to be used to represent the foundation for dynamic analysis. The
equivalent foundation super-element may be included as part of the model by specifying
‘I’ in column 9 of the OPTIONS line in the model file or by selecting the appropriate
superelement option in the Executive.

2.6 INCLUDING P-DELTA EFFECTS

The Dynpac program can include the effects of P-Delta on the dynamic characterisitcs of
the structure. This feature allows the user to designate reference load case(s)
representing static dead loading on the structure.
In order to include P-delta effects, the reference load cases must be designated in the
model file or the Seastate input file using the LCSEL line with the ‘PD’ option. For
example, the following shows that dead loading defined by load cases DEAD, EQPT and
AREA are to be used to determine the P-delta effects on the beam elements.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890

LCSEL PD DEAD EQPT AREA

Load factors may be applied to the reference load cases using the LCFAC line. For
example, in the following, 50% of load cases DEAD EQPT and AREA are used to obtain
the reference axial load.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890

LCSEL PD DEAD EQPT AREA

LCFAC PD 0.5 DEAD EQPT AREA

Note: Dead loads are typically used as P-Delta loads. For cable
elements, the pre-tension load should be designated as the P-Delta
load.

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SECTION 3
DYNPAC INPUT FILE

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3.0 DYNPAC INPUT FILE

3.1 INPUT FILE SETUP
The Dynpac input file contains general dynamic analysis information and may include
additional hydrodynamic property override information. The table below shows the
standard Dynpac file input lines.

INPUT LINE DESCRIPTION

TITLE Dynamic analysis title

DYNOPT* Dynamic analysis options

DYNOP2 Additional dynamic analysis options

PLOVR Plate override data

PGOVR Plate group override data

GROVR Member group density and hydrodynamic property overrides

MBOVR Member density and hydrodynamic property overrides

SHOVR Shell element structural weight density overrides

JTWGT Joint concentrated weight data

END* End of input data
Note: Lines that are required are designated with an asterisk.

3.2 INPUT LINES

The following section illustrates the formats of the input lines for Dynpac. The user
should be familiar with the basic guidelines for specifying input data. These guidelines
are located in the Introduction Manual.

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LOCATION IF INPUT, THIS OPTIONAL LINE IS FIRST IN THE DYNPAC INPUT FILE.

GENERAL THIS LINE IS OPTIONAL AND ALLOWS THE USER TO SPECIFY A TITLE
FOR DYNPAC OUTPUT OTHER THAN THE TITLE FROM THE SACS IV FILE.

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( 2-80) ENTER ANY ALPHANUMERIC TITLE. THIS TITLE WILL APPEAR ON ALL
PAGES OF DYNPAC OUTPUT.

2 80

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SACS®

GENERAL THIS LINE IS REQUIRED IN ANY DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS (47-48) ENTER ‘FL’ OR ‘NF’ IF ALL MEMBERS ARE TO BE CONSIDERED
EXECUTION. IT SPECIFIES THE OVERALL ANALYSIS OPTIONS AND FLOODED OR NON-FLOODED. THIS OVERRIDES SEASTATE AND SACS IV
PARAMETERS. MODELING. THE STATUS CAN BE CHANGED WITH SUBSEQUENT DYNPAC
MODELING.
( 8- 9) ENTER THE VERTICAL COORDINATE DIRECTION SUCH AS +Z FOR THE Z
COORDINATE IN THE POSITIVE VERTICAL DIRECTION. (49-53) ENTER THE ADDED MASS COEFFICIENT FOR MEMBERS SURROUNDED BY
FLUID. THIS VALUE IS FOR THE MOTION OF THE STRUCTURE AND IS
(10-11) ENTER THE UNITS DESIRED FOR THIS ANALYSIS. IF LEFT BLANK, THE NOT NORMALLY THE SAME AS IF THE STRUCTURE IS IMMERSED IN AN
PROGRAM WILL USE THE UNITS SPECIFIED ON THE SACS ‘OPTION’ LINE. ACCELERATING FLUID.

‘EN’ - ENGLISH UNITS (FEET, LBS, ETC.) (54-58) ENTER THE AXIAL ADDED MASS COEFFICIENT FOR MEMBERS SURROUNDED
‘MN’ - METRIC UNITS (METERS, KILONEWTONS, ETC.) BY FLUID. THIS VALUE IS FOR THE AXIAL MOTION OF THE
‘MS’ - METRIC UNITS (METERS, KILOGRAMS, ETC.) STRUCTURE. THE DEFAULTS ARE 0.0 FOR CONSISTENT MASS AND 1.0
FOR LUMPED MASS OPTIONS.
(12-14) ENTER THE NUMBER OF MODES DESIRED.
(59-62) ENTER THE DEFAULT ADDED MASS COEFFICIENT FOR PLATES
(15-18) ENTER THE MASS CALCULATION OPTION. SURROUNDED BY FLUID. IF LEFT BLANK, THE VALUE INPUT IN COLS
‘LUMP’ - LUMPED MASS (DIAGONAL MASS MATRIX) 49-53 IS USED.
‘CONS’ - CONSISTENT MASS
NOTE THAT CONSISTENT MASS IS HIGHLY DESIRABLE FOR STRUCTURES (63-68) ENTER THE EXECUTION OPTIONS DESIRED:
THAT ARE IMMERSED IN A FLUID. ‘ ’ - USE ONLY MASSES CALCULATED BY DYNPAC.
‘SA’ - USE LOADS IN THE SACS DATA AS MASSES IN
(19-25) ENTER THE DEFAULT STRUCTURAL DENSITY FOR ALL PLATE AND SHELL ADDITION TO MASSES CALCULATED BY DYNPAC.
ELEMENTS AND ANY BEAM ELEMENTS THAT DO NOT HAVE DENSITY ‘SO’ - USE LOADS IN THE SACS DATA AS MASSES AND
SPECIFIED ON THE MEMBER OR GROUP LINE. THE DENSITY OF DO NOT USE ANY MASSES CALCULATED BY DYNPAC.
INDIVIDUAL BEAM, PLATE OR SHELL ELEMENTS CAN BE OVERRIDDEN ‘+X’ - THE LOADS TO BE USED FROM THE SACS DATA FOR
WITH SUBSEQUENT OVERRIDE LINES. MASSES ARE THE X-DIRECTION LOADS ONLY, SAME SIGN
AS LOAD RECORD. USE ‘+Y’ AND ‘+Z’ SIMILARLY.
(26-32) IF THE STRUCTURE IS IN A FLUID, ENTER THE FLUID DENSITY IF ‘-X’ - THE LOADS TO BE USED FROM THE SACS DATA FOR
NOT PREVIOUSLY SPECIFIED OR IF THE SPECIFIED VALUE IS TO BE MASSES ARE THE X-DIRECTION LOADS ONLY, OPPOSITE SIGN

3-5
OVERRIDDEN. FROM LOAD RECORD. USE ‘-Y’ AND ‘-Z’ SIMILARLY.

(33-39) IF THE STRUCTURE IS IN A FLUID, ENTER THE MUDLINE ELEVATION (69-80) ENTER THE OUTPUT OPTIONS DESIRED:
IF NOT PREVIOUSLY SPECIFIED OR IF THE SPECIFIED VALUE IS TO ‘MA’ - PRINT MASS MATRIX.
BE OVERRIDDEN. THIS IS THE STRUCTURAL COORDINATE VALUE IN THE ‘ST’ - PRINT STIFFNESS MATRIX.
POSITIVE VERTICAL DIRECTION. ‘OT’ - PRINT ORTHOGONALITY CHECK MATRIX.
‘RM’ - CREATE REACTION MATRIX OUTPUT. THIS IS USED FOR
(40-46) IF THE STRUCTURE IS IMMERSED IN FLUID, ENTER THE WATER DEPTH TRANSFER FUNCTION CALCULATION IN DYNAMIC RESPONSE.
IF NOT PREVIOUSLY SPECIFIED OR IF THE VALUE IS TO BE THESE OPTIONS CAN BE ENTERED IN ANY ORDER.
OVERRIDDEN.

FLOOD EXECUTION
AXIAL PLATE OUTPUT OPTIONS
MASS FLUID MUDLINE WATER OR ADDED OPTIONS
LINE VERT. NO. STRUCT. ADDED ADDED
UNITS CALC. DENSITY ELEV DEPTH NON- MASS
LABEL COORD. MODES DENSITY MASS MASS
OPTION OVERRIDE OVERRIDE OVERRIDE FLOOD COEFF.
COEFF. COEFF. 1ST 2ND 3RD 1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH 5TH 6TH
OPTION

1 6 8< 9 10< 11 12 >14 15< 18 19< 25 26< 32 33< 39 40< 46 47< 48 49< 53 54< 58 59< 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

DEFAULT +Z 10 LUMP 490.0 ENGL 1 ABOVE ABOVE

ENGLISH LB/CU.FT LB/CU.FT FT FT

METRIC TONNE/CU.M TONNE/CU.M M M

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GENERAL THIS LINE IS OPTIONAL IN ANY DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS

EXECUTION. IT SPECIFIES ADDITIONAL OVERALL ANALYSIS OPTIONS
AND PARAMETERS.

( 8-13) ENTER THE DYNPAC WEIGHT CONTINGENCY FACTOR FOR USE IN THIS
ANALYSIS. THIS FACTOR WILL BE USED TO MULTIPLY THE STRUCTURAL
MASS GENERATED BY DYNPAC TO ACCOUNT FOR ANY CONTINGENCIES.

(14-19) ENTER THE SACS WEIGHT CONTINGENCY FACTOR FOR USE IN THIS
ANALYSIS. THIS FACTOR WILL BE USED TO MULTIPLY THE MASSES

3-7
FROM SACS LOADS TO ACCOUNT FOR ANY CONTINGENCIES.

NOTE: THE LOAD CASE FACTOR IS APPLIED IN ADDITION TO ANY LOAD CASE
FACTOR SPECIFIED BY LCFAC LINES.

WEIGHT CONTINGENCY FACTORS

LINE DYNPAC
SACS LEAVE BLANK
LABEL CALCULATED
LOAD
STRUCTURAL
MASSES
MASSES

1 6 8< 13 14< 19 20 80

DEFAULT 1.0 1.0

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COLUMNS COMMENTARY

LOCATION THIS INPUT DATA IS OPTIONAL AND SHOULD FOLLOW THE DYNOPT
INPUT LINE.

GENERAL THIS OPTIONAL INPUT ENABLES THE USER TO SPECIFY FOR ANY SET
OF PLATES PROPERTIES THAT ARE DIFFERENT FROM THOSE SPECIFIED
ON THE DYNOPT LINE.

( 7-10) ENTER NAME OF FIRST PLATE IN RANGE OF PLATES BEING SPECIFIED.

THIS NAME MUST CORRESPOND TO A PLATE NAME IN THE SACS IV DATA
FILE. IF THIS DENSITY APPLIES TO ALL PLATES, THEN ENTER
‘****’ IN COLUMNS 7-10 AND LEAVE COLUMNS 11-14 BLANK.

(11-14) ENTER NAME OF LAST PLATE IN RANGE OF PLATES BEING SPECIFIED.

THIS NAME MUST CORRESPOND TO A PLATE NAME IN THE SACS IV
MODEL. ALL PLATES IN THE MODEL WHICH PHYSICALLY LIE BETWEEN
THE FIRST AND LAST SPECIFIED PLATES WILL BE INCLUDED IN THIS
PLATE RANGE. IF THIS FIELD IS LEFT BLANK, THE SINGLE PLATE
SPECIFIED IN COLUMNS 7-10 WILL BE USED.

(21-30) ENTER THE STRUCTURAL WEIGHT DENSITY. IF LEFT BLANK OR ZERO,

3-9
THE DEFAULT DENSITY IS THE DENSITY ENTERED ON THE DYNOPT LINE.

NOTE: THE DENSITY SPECIFIED ON THE DYNOPT LINE IS USED AS THE

DEFAULT DENSITY FOR PLATE ELEMENTS.

(31-35) ENTER THE ADDED MASS COEFFICIENT IF DIFFERENT FROM THAT

ENTERED ON THE DYNOPT LINE. NOTE THAT A ZERO OR BLANK WILL
RESULT IN NO CHANGE.

ADDED
LINE STRUCTURAL
MASS LEAVE BLANK
LABEL WEIGHT DENSITY
START NAME END NAME COEFF.

1 5 7 10 11 14 21< 30 31< 35 36 80

DEFAULT DYNOPT

ENGLISH LB/CU.FT

METRIC TONNE/M**3

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COLUMNS COMMENTARY

LOCATION THIS INPUT DATA IS OPTIONAL AND SHOULD FOLLOW THE DYNOPT
INPUT LINE.

GENERAL THIS OPTIONAL INPUT ENABLES THE USER TO SPECIFY FOR ANY PLATE
GRUP PROPERTIES THAT ARE DIFFERENT FROM THOSE SPECIFIED ON
THE DYNOPT LINE.

( 7- 9) ENTER THE PLATE GRUP ID OF THOSE PLATES WHOSE PROPERTIES ARE

BEING SPECIFIED. THIS ID MUST CORRESPOND TO A PLATE GRUP ID
IN THE SACS DATA FILE.

(21-30) ENTER STRUCTURAL WEIGHT DENSITY. IF LEFT BLANK OR ZERO, THE

DEFAULT DENSITY IS THE DENSITY ENTERED ON THE DYNOPT LINE.

NOTE: THE DENSITY SPECIFIED ON THE DYNOPT LINE IS USED AS THE

DEFAULT DENSITY FOR PLATE ELEMENTS.

3-11
(31-35) ENTER THE ADDED MASS COEFFICIENT IF DIFFERENT FROM THAT
ENTERED ON THE DYNOPT LINE. NOTE THAT A ZERO OR BLANK WILL
RESULT IN NO CHANGE.

PLATE ADDED
LINE STRUCTURAL
GRUP MASS LEAVE BLANK
LABEL WEIGHT DENSITY
NAME COEFF.

1 5 7 9 21< 30 31< 35 36 80

DEFAULT DYNOPT

ENGLISH LB/CU.FT

METRIC TONNE/M**3

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COLUMNS COMMENTARY

LOCATION THIS INPUT IS OPTIONAL AND SHOULD FOLLOW THE PLOVR DATA IF IT
IS INPUT. IF IT IS NOT INPUT, THIS INPUT SHOULD FOLLOW THE
DYNOPT LINE.

GENERAL THIS INPUT IS OPTIONAL. NORMALLY SEASTATE HAS BEEN EXECUTED

BEFORE DYNPAC SO THAT ANY FLOODING STATUS, DENSITY DATA AND
EFFECTIVE DIAMETER FOR FLUID ADDED MASS CALCULATIONS ARE
INCLUDED ON THE MEMBER LINES IN THE SACS IV MODEL OUTPUT BY
SEASTATE. DYNPAC USES THIS INFORMATION TO GENERATE MASS DATA.
THIS INPUT LINE ENABLES THE USER TO SPECIFY THE WEIGHT
DENSITY, BUOYANCY AND/OR OUTSIDE DIAMETER TO BE DIFFERENT
THAN THAT PREVIOUSLY DESIGNATED FOR A PARTICULAR GROUP OF
MEMBERS. THE DATA SPECIFIED HERE WILL COMPLETELY REPLACE ALL
PREVIOUS INPUT DATA INCLUDING SPECIFIED DEFAULTS.
THIS INPUT LINE SET CONSISTS OF GROUP MASS DATA OVERRIDE
LINES FOR EACH GROUP WHOSE DATA IS BEING REPLACED.

( 7- 9) ENTER GROUP ID CODE FOR MEMBER GROUP WHOSE DENSITY, BUOYANCY

AND/OR OUTSIDE DIAMETER ARE TO BE OVERRIDDEN. ANY GROUP ID
CODE ENTERED HERE MUST CORRESPOND TO A GROUP CODE IN THE SACS
IV MODEL FILE.

( 11 ) ENTER ‘N’ TO INDICATE THIS GROUP OF MEMBERS IS NOT FLOODED.

AN ‘F’ IN THESE COLUMNS WILL INDICATE THAT MEMBERS WITH THIS
GROUP ID ARE FLOODED. IF LEFT BLANK, IT WILL NOT CHANGE THE
FLOODING ON THESE MEMBERS.

3-13
(13-20) ENTER HERE THE OUTSIDE DIAMETER FOR THE SPECIFIED MEMBER
GROUP THAT IS TO BE USED IN CALCULATING FLUID ADDED MASS. IF
LEFT BLANK THE DEFAULT IS THE STRUCTURAL O.D. FOR TUBULARS
AND ZERO FOR PRISMATICS OR THE FLUID ADDED MASS O.D., IF
SPECIFIED ON THE MEMBER LINES. THIS INPUT HAS NO EFFECT ON
THE STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEMBERS.

(21-30) ENTER STRUCTURAL DENSITY IN WEIGHT PER UNIT VOLUME. IF LEFT

BLANK OR ZERO, THE DENSITY WILL BE UNCHANGED.

OUTSIDE DIAMETER
FLOODED CRITERIA
LINE GROUP FOR STRUCTURAL
‘F’ - FLOODED LEAVE BLANK
LABEL CODE FLUID ADDED MASS WEIGHT DENSITY
‘N’ - NON-FLOODED
CALCULATION

1 5 7 9 11 13< 20 21< 30 31 80

DEFAULT SEE NOTE FOR COL 13-20

ENGLISH INCHES LB/CU.FT

METRIC CM TONNE/M**3

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COLUMNS COMMENTARY

GENERAL THIS INPUT IS OPTIONAL. NORMALLY SEASTATE HAS BEEN EXECUTED

BEFORE DYNPAC SO THAT ANY FLOODING STATUS, DENSITY DATA AND
EFFECTIVE DIAMETER FOR FLUID ADDED MASS CALCULATIONS ARE
INCLUDED ON THE MEMBER LINES IN THE SACS IV MODEL OUTPUT
BY SEASTATE. DYNPAC USES THIS INFORMATION TO GENERATE MASS
DATA. THIS INPUT DATA ENABLES THE USER TO SPECIFY THE WEIGHT
DENSITY, BUOYANCY AND OR OUTSIDE DIAMETER TO BE DIFFERENT
THAN THAT PREVIOUSLY DESIGNATED FOR PARTICULAR MEMBERS.

THIS INPUT CONSISTS OF MEMBER MASS DATA OVERRIDE LINES FOR

EACH MEMBER WHOSE DATA IS BEING REPLACED.

( 7 ) ENTER ‘N’ TO INDICATE THAT THIS MEMBER IS NOT FLOODED. AN ‘F’

IN THESE COLUMNS WILL INDICATE THAT THIS MEMBER IS FLOODED.
THE BUOYANT OR FLOODED CONDITION SPECIFIED ON THIS LINE FOR
THIS LINE WILL OVERRIDE ANY CONDITIONS SPECIFIED IN THE
‘DYNOPT’ OR ‘GROVR’ LINES. IF LEFT BLANK, THE MEMBER FLOODED
CONDITION WILL REMAIN UNCHANGED.

( 8-11) ENTER MEMBER START JOINT. THIS JOINT SHOULD CORRESPOND TO THE
MEMBER START JOINT IN SACS IV DATA FILE.

(12-15) ENTER MEMBER END JOINT. THIS JOINT SHOULD CORRESPOND TO THE
MEMBER END JOINT IN SACS IV DATA FILE.

3-15
(16-21) ENTER HERE THE OUTSIDE DIAMETER FOR THE SPECIFIED MEMBER THAT
IS TO BE USED IN CALCULATING FLUID ADDED MASS. IF LEFT BLANK
THE DEFAULT IS THE STRUCTURAL O.D. FOR TUBULARS AND ZERO FOR
PRISMATICS OR THE FLUID ADDED MASS O.D., IF SPECIFIED ON THE
MEMBER LINES. THIS INPUT HAS NO EFFECT ON THE STRUCTURAL
PROPERTIES OF THE MEMBERS.

(22-30) ENTER STRUCTURAL DENSITY IN WEIGHT PER UNIT VOLUME. IF LEFT

BLANK OR ZERO, THE DENSITY WILL REMAIN UNCHANGED.

OUTSIDE DIAMETER
FLOODED CRITERIA
LINE FOR STRUCTURAL
‘F’ - FLOODED LEAVE BLANK
LABEL START END FLUID ADDED MASS WEIGHT DENSITY
‘N’ - NON-FLOODED
JOINT JOINT CALCULATION

1 5 7 8 >11 12 >15 16< 21 22< 30 45 80

DEFAULT SEE NOTE FOR COL 16-21

ENGLISH IN LB/CU.FT

METRIC CM TONNE/CU.M

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COLUMNS COMMENTARY

GENERAL THIS INPUT IS OPTIONAL INPUT WHICH ENABLES THE USER TO

SPECIFY FOR ANY SET OF SHELLS WEIGHT DENSITIES THAT ARE
DIFFERENT FROM THE SYSTEM WEIGHT DENSITY. AN INPUT WEIGHT
DENSITY ON THIS LINE WILL OVERRIDE THE SYSTEM WEIGHT DENSITY
FOR THE SPECIFIED RANGE OF SHELLS.

( 7-10) ENTER NAME OF FIRST SHELL IN RANGE OF SHELLS WHOSE DENSITY IS

BEING SPECIFIED. THIS NAME MUST CORRESPOND TO A SHELL NAME IN
THE SACS IV DATA FILE. IF THIS DENSITY APPLIES TO ALL SHELLS,
THEN ENTER ‘****’ IN COLUMNS 7-10 AND LEAVE COLUMNS 11-14
BLANK.

(11-14) ENTER NAME OF LAST SHELL IN RANGE OF SHELLS WHOSE DENSITY IS

BEING SPECIFIED. THIS NAME MUST CORRESPOND TO A SHELL NAME IN
THE SACS IV DATA FILE. ALL SHELLS IN THE FILE WHICH
PHYSICALLY LIE BETWEEN THE FIRST AND LAST SPECIFIED SHELLS
WILL BE INCLUDED IN THIS SHELL RANGE. IF THIS FIELD IS LEFT
BLANK, THE SINGLE SHELL SPECIFIED IN COLUMNS 7-10 WILL BE USED.

3-17
(21-30) ENTER THE STRUCTURAL WEIGHT DENSITY. IF LEFT BLANK, THE
DEFAULT DENSITY IS THE DENSITY ENTERED ON THE DYNOPT LINE.

NOTE: THE DENSITY SPECIFIED ON THE DYNOPT LINE IS USED AS THE

DEFAULT DENSITY FOR SHELL ELEMENTS. THE DENSITY SPECIFIED ON
THE SHELL LINE IN THE MODEL FILE IS NOT USED FOR THE PURPOSE
OF DETERMINING SHELL MASS.

LINE STRUCTURAL
LEAVE BLANK
LABEL WEIGHT DENSITY
START NAME END NAME

1 5 7 10 11 14 21< 30 31 80

DEFAULT DYNOPT

ENGLISH LB/CU.FT

METRIC TONNE/M**3

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COLUMNS COMMENTARY

GENERAL THIS OPTIONAL INPUT LINE ENABLES THE USER TO SPECIFY

ADDITIONAL WEIGHT AND WEIGHT MOMENT OF INERTIA DATA TO BE
INPUT AS LUMPED DATA FOR SPECIFIED DEGREES OF FREEDOM. THIS
DATA IS ADDED TO THE SYSTEM DATA GENERATED BY THE PROGRAM. A
SEPARATE LINE SHOULD BE CODED FOR EACH JOINT TO WHICH MASS IS
ADDED. THIS LUMPED DATA MAY BE PLACED ON EITHER RETAINED OR
REDUCED FREE DEGREES OF FREEDOM.

( 7-10) ENTER THE JOINT NAME. THIS JOINT NAME SHOULD CORRESPOND TO A
JOINT NAME FOUND IN THE SACS IV MODEL. RIGHT JUSTIFY INPUT.

(11-40) ENTER WEIGHTS FOR ‘X’,’Y’ AND ‘Z’ DIRECTION TRANSLATIONAL

DEGREES OF FREEDOM, RESPECTIVELY, FOR THIS JOINT.

3-19
(41-70) ENTER WEIGHT MOMENTS OF INERTIA FOR ‘X’,’Y’ AND ‘Z’
ROTATIONAL DEGREES OF FREEDOM, RESPECTIVELY, FOR THIS JOINT.

LINE JOINT
LABEL NUMBER WEIGHT MOMENT WEIGHT MOMENT WEIGHT MOMENT
WEIGHT WEIGHT WEIGHT
OF INERTIA OF INERTIA OF INERTIA
(X DIRECTION) (Y DIRECTION) (Z DIRECTION)
(X AXIS) (Y AXIS) (Z AXIS)

1 5 7 >10 11< 20 21< 30 31< 40 41< 50 51< 60 61< 70

DEFAULT 0 0 0 0 0 0

ENGLISH KIPS KIPS KIPS KIP-IN**2 KIP-IN**2 KIP-IN**2

METRIC TONNES TONNES TONNES TONNES-CM**2 TONNES-CM**2 TONNES-CM**2

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GENERAL THIS LINE IS THE LAST LINE OF THE INPUT FILE.

( 1- 3) ENTER ‘END’.

3-21
LINE
LEAVE THIS FIELD BLANK
LABEL

1 3 4 80

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SECTION 4
DYNPAC TROUBLE SHOOTING

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4.0 DYNPAC TROUBLE SHOOTING

4.1 MODEL STIFFNESS MATRIX
As part of the dynamic characteristic analysis, the Solve module is used to generate the
stiffness matrix properties of the structure. The structural model matrix created by Solve
must be ‘Positive Definite’ in order to determine the dynamic characteristics of the
structure. In general, if a degree of freedom for any joint or portion of the structure is not
restrained by fixity or by stiffness from other elements, the matrix will be ‘Non’-Positive
Definite’. For further discussion on matrix ‘Non-Positive Definite’, see the section titled
‘SACS IV Trouble Shooting’ in the SACS IV user’s manual.
The Solve module also determines the accuracy of the solution and reports it as the
‘Maximum Number of Significant Digits Lost’. In general, solutions with six or fewer
significant digits lost are sufficiently accurate while solutions with twelve or more lost
are not. The SACS IV users’s manual addresses possible causes for excessive numbers
of lost significant digits.

4.2 MODEL MASS MATRIX

The structural mass matrix is developed by the Dynpac program module. Like the
stiffness matrix, the structural mass matrix must be ‘Positive Definite’ in order for it to
be inverted. When the mass matrix can not be inverted, the message ‘Non-Positive
Definite Mass Matrix’ is printed in the listing file. Some common reasons for the
structural mass matrix becoming ‘Non-Positive Definite’ are as follows:
1. No degrees of freedom in the model are retained as master DOFs. The error
message will normally refer to a degree of freedom for joint name 0.
2. All degrees of freedom are either retained or restrained as master DOFs so that
there are no slave or unrestrained DOFs.
3. The mass for a particular degree of freedom is negative. This can occur when
converting loads specified in the model file to mass using the ‘SA’ or ‘SO’
option on the DYNOPT line. When negative loads in the model file are to be
converted, ie. gravity loads, the ‘-X’, ‘-Y’ or ‘-Z’ option should be specified so
that the sign of the mass generated will be positive (opposite to that of the load).
4. A rotational degree of freedom is retained as a master DOF but no mass moment
of inertia was generated (ie. lumped approach) or no weight moment of inertia
was specified in the input file for that DOF.
When a matrix ‘Non-Positive Definite’ occurs, the critical degree of freedom and the
joint name are reported in the Dynpac listing file. For additional information on
debugging the model, see the SACS IV user’s manual.

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SECTION 5
COMMENTARY

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5.0 COMMENTARY
5.1 STIFFNESS MATRIX REDUCTION
The purpose of the Dynpac program module is to generate dynamic characteristics (mode
shapes and frequencies) of a structure. A Guyan reduction is performed to reduce the
structural stiffness matrix K created by SACS IV as follows:

K mm K ms
K
K sm K ss

where the subscript m designates master degrees of freedom and the subscript s
designates slave degrees of freedom. Knowing that F = K or

Fm K mm K ms m

Fs K sm K ss s

the following relationships can be made.

Fm K mm m K ms s
(1)
Fs K sm m K ss s

If, by definition, no external forces are applied directly to the slave degrees of freedom
such that Fs=0, s can be expressed as follows:

K sm
s m (2)
K ss

Substituting for s in equation (1) yields a relation that can be used to calculate the external forces on
master degrees of freedom, namely,

K sm K sm
Fm K mm m K ms m K mm K ms m (3)
K ss K ss

or

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Fm K mm m (3)

where K'mm is the reduced stiffness matrix. Once the master degrees of freedom are
calculated, relation (2) may be used to determine the slave degrees of freedom.

5.2 MASS MATRIX GENERATION

5.2.1 Consistent Mass Approach

The mass matrix may be generated based on the lumped or consistent mass approach.
The consistent mass generation approach represents the kinetic energy of the distorted
element by the element joint velocities, as represented by the velocities of all degrees of
freedom at the joint. The deflection and velocity ' along a member may be expressed
as follows:

f x, a , a , b , b f x, a , a , b , b

The kinetic energy is defined as:

1 2
KE M dx
2

where M is the mass per unit length. Taking

d dKE
for q a , b , a , b
dt dq

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results in

a
M
b

where [M] is the elemental mass matrix for the element. The elemental mass matrix is
then transformed into the global coordinate system and added to the overall structural
mass matrix.
Note: Because the consistent approach takes into account the
distribution of mass along the element, the mass matrix created
includes off-diagonal coupling terms between all degrees of
freedom, including rotational DOFs.

5.2.2 Lumped Mass Approach

In the lumped approach, a diagonal mass matrix is created by dividing each element mass
into equal components along the global X, Y and Z directions and concentrating these
masses at the end joints. Rotational mass or mass moments of inertia are neglected along
with any off diagonal terms of the mass matrix.
Note: Because off diagonal terms are assumed to be zero in the lumped
mass approach, it is not recommended when the element mass is not
the same in all three directions such as when including effects of
fluid added or virtual mass acting normal but not tangential to
the element.

5.3 MASS MATRIX REDUCTION

After the overall mass matrix has been generated by either the consistent or lumped mass
approach, it is partitioned into the same form as the stiffness matrix such that:

1 M mm M ms m
KE m s
2 M sm M ss s

Note: The terms Mms and Msm = 0 and Mmm and Mss are diagonal matrices for
the lumped approach.

Differentiating equation (2) with respect to time yields,

K sm
s m
K ss

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therefore, the equation for kinetic energy becomes

I
1 K sm M mm M ms
KE m I K sm m
2 K ms M sm M ss
K ss

which is a standard Guyan reduction resulting in

1
KE m M mm m
2

where M'mm is the reduced mass matrix.

5.4 CALCULATING RESULTS

Once the reduced stiffness and reduced mass matrices are generated, the
eigenvalues/eigenvectors for the master degrees of freedom are extracted using the
standard Householder-Givens extraction technique. The resulting eigenvectors at the
master degrees of freedom are expanded to obtain results for the reduced or slave
degrees of freedom which allows the calculation of modal reactions and modal elemental
internal loads.

5.5 FLUID ADDED OR VIRTUAL MASS

Morrisons’s equation is used to determine the hydrodynamic loading due to fluid added
or virtual mass. The resultant force per unit length, F, has a component normal to the
element, Fn, and a component tangential or along the cylinder axis, Ft.

F Fn Ft

where Fn and Ft are functions of the fluid relative velocity V rel, fluid acceleration V' and
the acceleration of the structure V's, and are given by the following for tubular elements:

1 1 D2
Fn C Dn D s Vreln Vreln C Mn D 2 sVn C Mn 1 Vsn
2 4 4

1 1 D2
Ft C Dt D s Vrelt Vrelt C Mt D 2 sVt C Mt 1 Vst
2 4 4

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where the term (Cm-1)( D2/4)! is the fluid added mass term. The normal added mass, mn,
and axial or tangential added mass, mt, may be rewritten as follows:

D2 D2
mn CMn 1 Cvn
4 4
D2 D2
mt CMt 1 Cvt
4 4

where Cvn and Cvt are the normal and axial added mass coefficients input into the Dynpac
program, respectively.
Note: Because the default tangential mass coefficient, C vt, is zero,
tangential added mass is ignored by default unless the coefficient
is overridden by the user.

The added mass normal to the member and the mass tangential, if applicable, are broken
into global X, Y and Z direction masses then added to the elemental mass matrix.
Including the hydrodynamic inertial terms due to structural acceleration in the mass
matrix, results in the automatic inclusion of acceleration dependent hydrodynamic forces
including relative acceleration effects.
The global X, Y and Z components, mnx, mny and mnz, of the normal fluid added or virtual
mass and the X, Y and Z components of the tangential fluid added mass, mtx, mty and
mtz,are taken as:

mnx mn cos x mny mn cos y mnz mn cos z

mtx mt sin x mty mt sin y mtz mt sin z

where "x, "y and "z are the angle between the plane normal to the element and the global
X, Y and Z axes respectively. See the following figure.

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SECTION 6
SAMPLE PROBLEMS

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6.0 SAMPLE PROBLEMS

The structure shown in Figure 1 was used to illustrate various capabilities of the Dynpac
program. Three separate Dynpac analyses are illustrated:

1. The dynamic characteristics of the structure submerged in water were

determined using the consistent mass approach. Seastate override lines were
used for the hydrodynamic modeling. The linearized foundation elements were
included in the model file.

2. Sample Problem 2 is the same as Sample Problem 1 except that instead of

modeling linearized pile stubs, a linearized foundation superelement was used.
The ability to convert loads from any load case to mass without copying the load
into LC 1 is also illustrated.

3. The natural modes of the deck in Figure 1 were determined using the lumped
mass approach. Additional joint weight was added in the Dynpac input file.

Figure 1

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6.1 SAMPLE PROBLEM 1

The following example illustrates the use of the Seastate and Dynpac programs to
determine the dynamic characteristics of a structure submerged in a fluid.
The structure in Figure 1 stands in 82.02 feet of salt water (density 64.2 lb/ft 3). The
member mass, mass of marine growth, mass of entrapped water and virtual or added
mass were calculated automatically using the consistent mass approach. The Seastate
program was used to determine the effective member properties including diameter,
density, etc. to account for the hydrodynamic properties of the members. Additional
member and group overrides were specified in the Dynpac input file.
A load case consisting of miscellaneous loads, was specified in the SAC input file to
account for unmodeled members and equipment weights that could affect the dynamic
characteristics of the structure.
Dummy piles used to simulate the soil/pile interaction was developed using the Pile
program and were added to the model. The degrees of freedom to be retained for
determining the generalized masses and the eigenvectors were designated (using
Precede) by specifying a ‘2’ for the joint DOF.
A Seastate input file containing override lines to account for the hydrodynamics of
unmodeled members and appurtenances was used as the SACS input file. 50% of load
case MISC in the model file contains miscellaneous loads to account for unmodeled
members and equipment and is converted to mass.
The following is a portion of the Seastate input file:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890

A LDOPT IN NF+Z 64.20 490.00 -82.02 82.02 DYN NP K

B LCSEL DY MISC
C LCFAC DY 0.50 MISC
D FILE J
E CDM
CDM 11.81 1.000 1.400 1.200 1.400
CDM 23.62 1.000 1.500 1.200 1.500
CDM 47.24 1.000 1.600 1.200 1.600
CDM 70.87 1.000 1.700 1.200 1.700
E MGROV
MGROV 0.000 26.247
MGROV 26.247 52.493 0.984
MGROV 52.493 82.021 1.969
E GRPOV
GRPOV LG1 F
GRPOV PL1 F 0.001 0.001
GRPOV PL2 F 0.001 0.001
GRPOV DK1 0.001 0.001
GRPOV DK2 0.001 0.001
LOAD
END

The following is a description of the Seastate input file:

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A. The LDOPT line specifies the physical parameters of the structure such as water
depth, water and steel density etc. ‘DYN’ in columns 56-58 specifies that a
SACS hydrodynamic model is to be created for use by Dynpac.
B. The LCSEL line designates that if the convert load case to mass option is
specified in the Dynpac input file, only load case MISC is to be converted.
C. The LCFAC line indicates that load case MISC is to be factored by 0.50 when
converted to mass.
D. The FILE line indicates that only loading in the jacket geometry file is to be
considered for this analysis (i.e. ‘J’ in column 6).
E. The CDM, MGROV and GRPOV lines ensure that entrapped water mass and
added or virtual mass are generated accurately.
The following is a portion of the model file used for this sample followed by a
description of the input:

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890

A OPTIONS EN DY SDUC 1 1 1 0 PT PT
SECT
SECT CONDSM TUB 66.26 3032.45 1516.22 1516.22 19.690.551
B SECT PILSTUB PRI 71.86 13490.0 6745.00 6745.00 10.0 10.0
GRUP
C GRUP PST PILSTUB 29.00 11.6 36.0 9 0.01
******************* ADDITIONAL SACS GROUP AND MEMBER Lines *********************
D MEMBER2 2 102 PST
MEMBER OFFSETS 12.5
MEMBER2 4 104 PST
MEMBER OFFSETS 12.5
MEMBER2 6 106 PST
MEMBER OFFSETS 12.5
MEMBER2 8 108 PST
MEMBER OFFSETS 12.5
JOINT
E JOINT 2 -20.505-20.505-88.583 FIXED
JOINT 4 20.505-20.505-88.583 FIXED
JOINT 6 20.505 20.505-88.585 FIXED
JOINT 8 -20.505 20.505-88.583 FIXED
**************** More Joints ******************************
JOINT 309 0.000 0.000 -3.281
JOINT 310 0.000 0.000 -3.281
F JOINT 401 -9.842 -9.842 19.685 222
JOINT 403 9.842 -9.842 19.685 222
JOINT 405 9.842 9.842 19.685 222
JOINT 407 -9.842 9.842 19.685 222
JOINT 409 0.000 0.000 19.685
LOAD
G LOADCNMISC
LOAD Z 405 466 2.65750-3.8892 GLOB CONC SKID1
LOAD Z 405 466 17.6575-4.0025 GLOB CONC SKID1
LOAD Z 466 468 24.0806-4.2753 GLOB CONC SKID1
LOAD Z 466 468 2.86744-4.0485 GLOB CONC SKID1
LOAD Z 467 468 17.0276-4.3356 GLOB CONC SKID1
LOAD Z 467 468 2.02758-4.4489 GLOB CONC SKID1
LOAD Z 401 403 -1.969 -1.969 GLOB UNIF WALK1
LOAD Z 472 401 -1.969 -1.969 GLOB UNIF WALK1
LOAD Z 403 465 -1.969 -1.969 GLOB UNIF WALK1
LOAD Z 407 405 -1.969 -1.969 GLOB UNIF WALK1
LOAD Z 405 466 -1.969 -1.969 GLOB UNIF WALK1
LOAD Z 471 407 -1.969 -1.969 GLOB UNIF WALK1
END

The following is a description of the SACS input file:

A. The analysis Dynamic option specified in columns 19-20 on the OPTIONS line
(‘DY’).
B. The dummy pile section properties are defined using section PILSTUB.
C. The dummy pile group PST is defined.
D. Dummy pile members 2-102, 4-104, 6-106 and 8-108 are defined.
E. The dummy pile bottom joints 2, 4, 6 and 8 are fixed (joint fixity ‘FIXED’).
F. The retained degrees of freedom are specified by ‘2’ in columns 55-60 on the
appropriate JOINT lines. For example, Joint 401 is retained for translation in the
X, Y, and Z directions as designated by ‘222’ in columns 55-57.

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G. The loads of Load Condition ‘MISC’ account for the weight of unmodeled
members and equipment and will be converted to masses by Dynpac.
Seastate and Dynpac were executed in succession to determine the dynamic
characteristics of the structure. The output structural data file created by Seastate
containing the effective member properties was used as the model input file for Dynpac.
Note: Seastate and Dynpac can be run as separate analysis steps or
together as a single step. When executing separately, specify the
Seastate output structural data file as the SACS input file for
the Dynpac execution.

The following is the Dynpac input file used for this sample followed by a description of
the input:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890

TITLE
DYNPAC SAMPLE PROBLEM
A DYNOPT +ZEN 10CONS 490. 64.2 -80.2 80.2 NF SA-Z
B GROVR PL1 N 1.0
GROVR PL2 N 1.0
C MBOVR F 301 401 40.0
MBOVR F 201 301 40.0
END

A. The DYNOPT line specifies the following:

a. The vertical coordinate is the +Z direction and English units are to be used
as specified in columns 8-9 and 10-11 respectively.
b. 10 modes are desired (columns 12-14).
c. The consistent mass approach is specified by ‘CONS’ in columns 15-18.
d. The structure and fluid density are 490.0 and 64.2 lb/ft3 respectively.
e. The mudline elevation (-80.2) and the water depth (80.2) are specified in
columns 33-39 and 40-46 respectively.
f. All members without flood condition designated, are to be considered non-
flooded for the Dynpac analysis as specified by ‘NF’ (columns 47-48).
g. Loads from the SACS data are to be used as masses and the Z direction
masses will be opposite sign of the specified Z direction load (‘SA-Z’ in
columns 63-66).
B. The GROVR lines specify that groups ‘PL1’ and ‘PL2’ (the piles inside the legs)
be non-flooded and have an effective outside diameter of 1 inch for fluid added
mass and entrapped water mass calculation.
C. The MBOVR lines specify that members 301-401 and 201-301 have an effective
outside diameter of 40.0 inches for fluid added mass calculation.

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Six of the modes are displayed below. The output file follows.

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6.2 SAMPLE PROBLEM 2

The following example illustrates the ability to use an equivalent foundation super-
element and to convert loading in any load case to mass, therefore eliminating the need
to modify the model for dynamic analysis purposes. Only the degrees of freedom to be
retained for determining the generalized masses and the eigen vectors were specified in
the model by inputting a ‘2’ in the appropriate joint fixity column.
Note: Because retaining DOFs has no effect on the model for static
analysis, the same model file can be used for static and dynamic
analyses.

The following is a portion of the model file to be sent through Seastate for hydrodynamic
modeling. The differences between the model requirements for sample 1 and this sample
are discussed below:
A. Unlike Sample Problem 1, pile stub members 2-102, 4-104, 6-106 and 8-108 are
not included in the model. An equivalent foundation super-element is to be used
as specified on the OPTIONS line. Therefore, pile stub section ‘PILSTUB’ and
pile stub group ‘PST’ are not required in the model input file.
B. The retained degrees of freedom are specified by ‘2’ in columns 55-60 on the
appropriate JOINT lines.
C. The pile joints at the mudline are designated with PILEHD fixity.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890

DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS
OPTIONS I EN DY SDUC 1 1 1 0 PT PT
SECT
SECT CONDSM TUB 66.26 3032.45 1516.22 1516.22 19.690.551

******************* SACS GROUP and MEMBER Lines *******************************

JOINT
JOINT 102 -19.685-19.685-82.021 PILEHD
JOINT 104 19.685-19.685-82.021 PILEHD
JOINT 106 19.685 19.685-82.021 PILEHD
JOINT 108 -19.685 19.685-82.021 PILEHD
******************* More jonts *****************
JOINT 257 -11.678 0.000-17.961
JOINT 301 -9.842 -9.842 -3.281 222
JOINT 303 9.842 -9.842 -3.281 222
JOINT 305 9.842 9.842 -3.281 222
LOADCNMISC
LOAD Z 405 466 2.65750-3.8892 GLOB CONC SKID1
LOAD Z 405 466 17.6575-4.0025 GLOB CONC SKID1
LOAD Z 466 468 24.0806-4.2753 GLOB CONC SKID1
LOAD Z 466 468 2.86744-4.0485 GLOB CONC SKID1
LOAD Z 467 468 17.0276-4.3356 GLOB CONC SKID1
LOAD Z 467 468 2.02758-4.4489 GLOB CONC SKID1
LOAD Z 401 403 -1.969 -1.969 GLOB UNIF WALK1
LOAD Z 472 401 -1.969 -1.969 GLOB UNIF WALK1
LOAD Z 403 465 -1.969 -1.969 GLOB UNIF WALK1
LOAD Z 407 405 -1.969 -1.969 GLOB UNIF WALK1
LOAD Z 405 466 -1.969 -1.969 GLOB UNIF WALK1
LOAD Z 471 407 -1.969 -1.969 GLOB UNIF WALK1
END

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As in Sample Problem 1, Seastate and Dynpac were executed in succession to determine

the dynamic characteristics of the structure. The output structural data file created by
Seastate containing the effective member properties was used as the SACS input file for
Dynpac.
The following is the Dynpac input file followed by a detailed explanation of the features
implemented:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890

TITLE
DYNPAC SAMPLE PROBLEM 2
A DYNOPT +ZEN 10CONS 490. 64.2 -80.2 80.2 NF SA-Z
B GROVR PL1 N 1.0
GROVR PL2 N 1.0
C MBOVR F 301 401 40.0
MBOVR F 201 301 40.0

A. The DYNOPT line specifies the following:

a. The vertical coordinate is the +Z direction and English units are to be used
as specified in columns 8-9 and 10-11 respectively.
b. 10 modes are desired (columns 12-14).
c. The consistent mass approach is specified by ‘CONS’ in columns 15-18.
d. The structure and fluid density are 490.0 and 64.2 lb/ft3 respectively.
e. The mudline elevation (-80.2) and the water depth (80.2) are specified in
columns 33-39 and 40-46 respectively.
f. All members without flood condition designated, are to be considered non-
flooded for the Dynpac analysis as specified by ‘NF’ (columns 47-48).
g. Loads from the SACS data are to be used as masses and the Z direction
masses will be opposite sign of the specified Z direction load (‘SA-Z’ in
columns 63-66).
B. The GROVR lines specify that groups ‘PL1’ and ‘PL2’ (the piles inside the legs)
be non-flooded and have an effective outside diameter of 1 inch for fluid added
mass and entrapped water mass calculation.
C. The MBOVR lines specify that members 301-401 and 201-301 have an effective
outside diameter of 40.0 inches for fluid added mass calculation.

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6.3 SAMPLE PROBLEM 3

The following example illustrates the use of the Dynpac program to determine the
dynamic characteristics of a deck structure.
The deck of a structure modeled to the top of jacket elevation contains a piece of
reciprocating machinery. The weight of the machinery along with the weight of other
non-modeled equipment was specified in Load Case 1. The member mass and masses
calculated from Load Case one will be applied as lumped masses. Figure 2 is a plot of
the deck for this sample.

Figure 1

The following are the steps required to execute the Dynpac analysis:
Miscellaneous loads to account for unmodeled members and equipment were will be
converted to mass. The degrees of freedom to be retained for determining the generalized
masses and the eigenvectors were designated (using Precede) by specifying a ‘2’ for the
joint DOF.
The following is the SACS input file used for the analysis:

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890

DYNPAC SAMPLE PROBLEM

OPTIONS EN DY SDUC 1 1 1 0 PT PT
LCSEL DY 1 2
SECT
SECT CONDSM TUB 66.26 3032.45 1516.22 1516.22 19.690.551
GRUP
GRUP CON CONDSM K 29.0111.6035.97 1 1.001.00 0.50
GRUP DK1 W36X210 29.0111.6035.97 1 1.001.00 0.50
GRUP DK2 W24X131 29.0111.6035.97 1 1.001.00 0.50
GRUP DUM 18.000 2.500 29.0011.6036.00 1 1.001.00 0.50 0.010
GRUP EQ1 24.000 1.500 29.0011.6036.00 1 1.001.00 0.50 0.010
GRUP HB3 11.811 0.394 29.0111.6035.97 1 .800.800 0.50
MEMBER
MEMBER0 301 309 HD3
MEMBER0 301 401 PL3

********************* SACS MEMBER AND PLATE MODEL DATA *************************

JOINT
JOINT 1 0.000 0.000-13.281 111001
JOINT 301 -9.842 -9.842 -3.281 111
JOINT 303 9.842 -9.842 -3.281 111
JOINT 305 9.842 9.842 -3.281 111
JOINT 307 -9.842 9.842 -3.281 111
JOINT 309 0.000 0.000 -3.281
JOINT 310 0.000 0.000 -3.281
JOINT 401 -9.842 -9.842 19.685 222
JOINT 403 9.842 -9.842 19.685 222
JOINT 405 9.842 9.842 19.685 222
JOINT 407 -9.842 9.842 19.685 222
JOINT 409 0.000 0.000 19.685
JOINT 461 -29.528-29.528 19.685 222
JOINT 510 -19.685 3.281 28.185 222
LOAD
LOADCN 1
LOAD Z 401 403 -1.969 -1.969 GLOB UNIF 100PSF
LOAD Z 472 501 -1.969 -1.969 GLOB UNIF 100PSF
LOAD Z 403 465 -1.969 -1.969 GLOB UNIF 100PSF
LOAD Z 407 405 -1.969 -1.969 GLOB UNIF 100PSF
LOAD Z 405 466 -1.969 -1.969 GLOB UNIF 100PSF
LOAD Z 471 503 -1.969 -1.969 GLOB UNIF 100PSF
LOAD Z 461 462 -0.984 -0.984 GLOB UNIF 100PSF
LOAD Z 462 463 -0.984 -0.984 GLOB UNIF 100PSF
LOAD Z 463 464 -0.984 -0.984 GLOB UNIF 100PSF
LOAD Z 468 467 -0.984 -0.984 GLOB UNIF 100PSF
LOAD Z 469 468 -0.984 -0.984 GLOB UNIF 100PSF
LOAD Z 470 469 -0.984 -0.984 GLOB UNIF 100PSF
LOAD Z 501 502 -1.969 -1.969 GLOB UNIF 100PSF
LOAD Z 502 401 -1.969 -1.969 GLOB UNIF 100PSF
LOAD Z 503 504 -1.969 -1.969 GLOB UNIF 100PSF
LOAD Z 504 407 -1.969 -1.969 GLOB UNIF 100PSF
LOAD Z 472 501 0.984 0.984 GLOB UNIF 100PSF
LOAD Z 471 503 0.984 0.984 GLOB UNIF 100PSF
LOAD Z 501 502 0.984 0.984 GLOB UNIF 100PSF
LOAD Z 502 401 0.984 0.984 GLOB UNIF 100PSF
LOAD Z 503 504 0.984 0.984 GLOB UNIF 100PSF
LOAD Z 504 407 0.984 0.984 GLOB UNIF 100PSF
LOADCN 2
LOAD 509 -15.000 GLOB JOIN MACHINE
LOAD 510 -15.000 GLOB JOIN MACHINE
END

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The following is a description of the SACS input file:

A. The analysis option specified in columns 19-20 on the OPTIONS line is ‘DY’.
B. The loads of load cases 1 and 2 account for the weight of unmodeled members
and equipment and will be converted to masses by Dynpac. The weight of the
reciprocating machinery for example, was modeled as joint loads at joints 509
and 510.
C. Joints 1, 301, 303, 305 and 307 are pinned in the global X, Y and Z directions
(joint fixity 111000), the conductor bottom joint 1 is also restrained against
global Z rotation.
D. The retained degrees of freedom are specified by ‘2’ in columns 55-60 on the
appropriate JOINT lines. For example, Joint 401 is retained for translation in the
X, Y, and Z directions as designated by ‘222’ in columns 55-57.
The Dynpac analysis was executed specifying the SACS input file and the following
Dynpac input file:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890

TITLE
DYNPAC SAMPLE PROBLEM
A DYNOPT +ZEN 20LUMP 490. -80.2 NF1.0 SA-Z
B PLOVR A100A101 400.0
C JTWGT 464 15.0 15.0 15.0
JTWGT 465 10.0 10.0 10.0
JTWGT 466 10.0 10.0 10.0
JTWGT 467 15.0 15.0 15.0
END

A. The DYNOPT line specifies the following:

a. The vertical coordinate is the +Z direction and English units are to be used
as specified in columns 8-9 and 10-11 respectively.
b. 20 modes are desired (columns 12-14).
c. The lumped mass approach is specified by ‘LUMP’ in columns 15-18.
d. The structure density is 490.0 lb/ft3.
e. The mudline elevation (-80.2) is specified in columns 33-39.
f. Loads from the SACS data are to be used as masses and the Z direction
masses will be opposite sign of the specified Z direction load (‘SA-Z’ in
columns 63-66).
B. The PLOVR input line specifies that the density of plates A100 and A101 is
400.0 lb/ft3.
C. The JTWGT lines specify an additional mass equivalent to 15.0 kips in all three
directions is to be applied at joints 464 and 467. Likewise, a mass equivalent to
10.0 kips in all three directions is to be applied at joints 465 and 466.

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Modes 1 through 9 are displayed below.

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Modes 10 through 18 are displayed below.

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