UNIT ONE:

Topic: Life Styles

( PP. 14 – 35 )

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Rubric: THINK IT OVER: (p.15)

►The picture on page 15 is Mohammed Racim’s tableau (= miniature = painting) which

represents (= shows) life as it used to be like in Ramadan in the olden times.

Sequence One: DISCOVERING LANGUAGE: ( pp.16-21)

Reading Passage: ( Text about Uncle Hassan ) , p.16

A) BEFORE YOU READ: (p.16)

Activity 1,p16:

► The pictures 1 and 4 (with a green background) represent /show the primary sector of economy.
It’s a sector related to production.
► The pictures 2 and 5 (with a red background) show the secondary sector of economy. It’s a
sector related to transformation.
► The pictures 3 and 6 (with a yellow background) represent the tertiary sector. It’s a sector related
to services.

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B) AS YOU READ: (p.16)
Exercise 2, p.17: ( Comprehension Questions )

a) Uncle Hassan used to work in the primary sector of economy.

b) Every morning he used to get up early to milk the cows before coming back to the kitchen for
breakfast. ...
c) Now, he wakes up at 6 in the morning.
d) The sector of economy which attracts the greatest number of workers today is the tertiary sector.
e) Uncle Hassan is going to retire if his boss refuses to transfer him to a commercial service.

C) AFTER READING: (pp.17 -19)

Grammar Desk: (p.17)

used to
1) Uncle Hassan used to be a farmer.

► a habit in the past. ► the semi-modal “used to”

2) Today, he works in a tomato paste factory.

3) He usually wakes up at 6 in the morning.

► habits in the present. ► the present simple tense and a frequency

adverb (usually)

4) He didn’t use to go shopping in town very often. ► (negative)

What did uncle Hassen use to be? ► ( interrogative )

Did he use to go shopping in the town very often? ► ( interrogative )

5) “I’m going to retire if my boss refuses my transfer”.

► future intention. ► (going to + infinitive)

( See Grammar Reference 1+2+3, pp. 187-189 )

PRACTICE: (18-19)

Exercise 1, p.18: (used to)

a) Samira doesn’t like reading now, but she used to read a lot.
b) I know that Nassima is living in a small village now, but where did she use to live?
c) Now, there are four libraries in our town, but there used to be only one.
d) When I was a child, I didn’t use to wear a burnous, but now, I wear one
e) I know that she doesn’t work in a bank now but did she use to work in one before?

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Exercise 2, p.18: (Pronunciation / Assimilation)

Spelling Pronunciation
used to júztú

► The letter “d” is pronounced /t/ because of the phonological phenomenon known as assimilation.
In other words the voiced /d/ sound of used assimilates itself to the /t/sound of to of the semi-
modal used to..

Exercise 3, p.18: (used to / simple present)

a) In ancient times, most people used to worship stones.
b) We used to go for long walks in the country when my father was alive.
c) We sometimes go hiking in the mountains.
d) I used to go to school by bicycle, but I no longer do it now.
e) In England, most people often go to the theatre at weekends.

Exercise 4, p.18: (used to / simple present)

All the members of my family have recently changed their lifestyles. My grandfather
used to drink coffee. Now he drinks milk. My father didn’t used to jog. Now, he runs
more than three kilometres every afternoon. My mother used to cook food for every
meal because she could not eat leftovers and processed food. Now, she often sends
me to buy pizzas whenever she is too tired to prepare dinner.

My brothers used to go to bed early. These days, they stay up late with the other
members of the family watching films on TV. They also didn’t use to play video
games. Now, they are addicted to them. Even I haven’t escaped the change. I used to
read books...

Exercise 5, p.19: ( going to + infinitive )

Example: Look at those black clouds. It’s going to rain.

A) You’ve put too much pressure in the balloon. Mind, it is going to explode / blow up.
B) The referee has put the whistle in his mouth. He is going to end the match.
C) Mouloud has lost his balance. He is going to fall down.
D) Zohra has switched off the TV. She is going to bed/sleep.
E) Karim has just entered the post office. He is going to send a letter / buy a stamp.

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D) WRITE IT RIGHT: (p.19)
Exercise 1, p.19: (used to)

I was born in the Kasbah of Algiers in 1949. My father was a docker: he used to work
in the docks, loading and unloading ships. He used to go to work early in the morning
and to come back home late in the evening without getting any wages. At the time,
dockers used to pay French foremen on the docks to get a day’s work, but my dad
never paid. So he didn’t use to get work every day. Mum used to cry but poor old dad
never used to say a word. I remember, money was always the problem.

My sister Zohra and I didn’t have toys. So we used to go down the steep and narrow
alleys of the Kasbah to spend the day in the French quarter near the harbour. All day
long, we used to look at the toys displayed in shop windows and envy the children of
the French colonists playing in the park….

Exercise 2, p.19: (Writing a policy statement)

Fellow Citizens,
If I am elected to office, I’m going to improve the standards of life in our town. First,
I’m going to reduce food prices and raise the salaries by 20 per cent.
Second, I’m going to take a lot of measures to protect the environment and the health
of our citizens. This can’t be done without improving our health system, so I’m going
to build a hospital. Moreover, I’m going to impose higher taxes on cigarettes.
Finally, I’m going to build two thousand flats.

VOTE FOR ME, VOTE FOR A BETTER FUTURE !

Rubric: SAY IT LOUD AND CLEAR (p.20)

Exercise 1, p.20: ( Pronunciation of the Final “s” )

/s/ /z/ /iz/

Works Lives Finishes
Wakes Goes Boxes
Gets Buys Services
Puts Litres refuses
Knocks Loaves
keeps Overalls
His
Stays
Does
Always
cans

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Exercise 2, p.20: ( English Vs French Phonics )

Spelling English French

Table /’teǺbl/ /tabl/
Oranges /’ǢrǺndȢǺz/ /ǢrãȢ/
Police /pǩɑli:s/ /pɔlǺs/
Television / Télévision /ɕtelǺɑvǺȢǩn/ /televǺzjɔ/

Exercise 3, p.20: ( Punctuation, Capitals and Intonation )

ց ց
A) Ahmed was born in Oran. On April 20, 1990, he went to live in Algiers.

ց ց
B) Ahmed was born in Oran on April 20, 1990. He went to live in Algiers.

Exercise 4, p.20: ( Homophones )

Definition = A homophone is a word pronounced like another but different in meaning,

spelling or origin. (Oxford Learner’s Dictionary of Current English, p.410).

Misspelling Correction
Eye I When I was young, I used to go to the seaside. At
Too To the time, there were no restaurants serving
Two To holidaymakers on the beach. So, I used to take
Their There bread with me. All the boys of my age used to
Know No meet at the bus station at 7, their bags full of food.
Sew So Some of them were poor. We used to buy tickets
Bred Bread to them so that they could come with us. ...
Buoys Boys
Meat Meet
Sum Some
By Buy

Exercise 5, p.20: ( Homonyms / Tongue Twister )

Definition = A homonym is a homograph or homophone that is the same in form and

sound as another but different in meaning.
(Oxford Learner’s Dictionary of Current English, 410)

A canner exceedingly canny,

One morning remarked to his granny,
‘A canner can can
Anything that he can
But a canner can’t can a can, can he?

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Rubric: WORKING WITH WORDS (p.21)

Exercise 1, p.21: ( Suffixes )

Word in the Correction To my mind, people fall into three categories in relation to
Paragraph time. The first category is that of nostalgic people. These
Nostalgia Nostalgic people are generally conventional, i.e., traditional in their
Convention Conventional views. They keep very fond memories of past experiences.
Tradition Traditional The second category of people is constituted of
Pessimism Pessimistic pessimistic(s). They generally think that present life is a
Hope Hopeless hopeless mess, and that it is futile to expect and to plan any
Revolution Revolutionary revolutionary change for the future. The third group is
Optimism Optimistic made of optimistic people. For these people, there is no
Society Social cause for alarm in this world at all. In other words, despite
Race Racism all worries and social problems, everything will eventually
Race Racial turn out well. For example, if someone is victim of racism,
Race Racist s/he can be sure that one day racial prejudice will disappear.
Optimism Optimistic S/He just needs to work to change the mentality of racist
Logic Logical people. Of the three categories of people above, I prefer the
Practice Practical optimistic people because I find them more logical and
practical in their thinking.

Exercise 2, p.21:

Suffixes for
forming Meaning Example
nouns
-verb + -ance Appearance, relevance, repentance
-ance / -ence
-root + -ence Independence, violence, penitence
-ee ▪ Person affected by an action or Employee, absentee, trainee, referee
person acting
-e / -or / -ess ▪ Agent, job, (somebody or Teacher, doctor, physician, physicist,
/ -ist / -ar / - something carries an action) waitress, air-hostess, burglar, liar,
ian electrician,
▪ Place where an action is carried out
-ery ▪ Art of or practice of Pottery, bakery, cannery, nunnery, slavery
▪ State, quality, character
-dom ▪ Condition, state, or rank Wisdom, kingdom, freedom, boredom
-hood ▪ Status, rank, condition of life Childhood, manhood, brotherhood
-ity ▪ Adjective + ity Atrocity, superiority, inferiority
-ment ▪ Result or means of an action Government, employment, measurement
-ness ▪ Quality, state, character Joblessness, kindness, darkness, politeness
-ship ▪ State of being Friendship, scholarship, dictatorship

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Sequence Two: LISTENING AND SPEAKING (pp.22-23)
Exercise 1, p.22: (Advances in medicine)
▪ Who knows? Maybe/Perhaps scientists will invent a cure for cancer.
▪ Maybe scientists will invent a cure for palsy.
▪ Perhaps scientists will succeed in their research to find a vaccine
against kidney disease…
▪ Perhaps scientists will find a vaccine to protect people from malaria.

Exercise 2, p.22: (Degrees of certainty = will – may – might)

100
will/won’t =

Well, there will be changes in the next decade for sure.

We’ll eat more genetically modified foods (GMFs).

Children will be able to study at home;

Homemakers will do less housework.

They will do all their shopping by computer

They won’t go to school every weekday.

will probably/ probably won’t =

Robots will probably be available for sale;
may well =

New diseases may well infect us.
may/may not =

We may invent a cure for killer diseases like cancer, but many diseases may infect us.
might well =

Pandemics might well reappear in another form.
might/could =

We might reduce hunger in the world.

0 ( See Grammar Reference 4, p. 190 )

Exercise 3, p.22: ( Comprehension Questions )

A) The speakers are talking about the changes that might happen in the next decade.
B) Dr Jones is the least optimistic because he does not simply mention the positive changes. He
also mentions the negative effects of the expected changes.

Exercise 4, p.22: ( Summary of the Dialogue )

What life will be like in the future?

Scientists predict many changes in our way of life in the next decade. According to some of them,
there will be enough food for everybody in the world because of the availability of GMFs.
Teleschooling will make it possible for children to study at home. ...

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YOUR TURN: (p.23)
TIP BOX:
( Expressing Certainties and Doubts about the Future )

I’m (almost) certain / (quite) sure that ...

I have the conviction / the firm belief that ...

It seems to me that ...

It’s likely / probable that ...

I have doubts about ...

It’s improbable / unlikely that ...

Exercise p.23: (Predictions about the future)

Pair Work:

A) You: I’m sure that scientists will invent a vaccine against tooth decay in 20 years.
Your partner: Personally, I have doubts about that. That might or might not happen.

B) You: I’m almost certain that we’ll travel to space some day.
Your partner: It seems to me that this won’t happen tomorrow.

C) You: I’m quite sure that Man will live up to 130 years.
Your partner: It’s unlikely that this might happen.

D) You: I have the firm conviction that children will study at home to work through the use of
computer.
Your partner: I have no doubt about this.

Rubric: WRITE IT UP: (p.23)

Example:

You: Will all people accept to eat genetically modified

foods (GMFs) in the future?

Your Partner: I don’t know / I have no idea. They may

possibly eat them, but on the other hand, they
may well refuse to do so.

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Sequence Two: READING AND WRITING - I ( p.24)
Reading Passage: What People Eat (p. 24 – 25)
Exercise 1 p.24: ( Matching )
1 → e → fats: wafers, pastry...
2 → d → dairy: cheese, milk...
3 → b → meats: chicken, beef, mutton...
4 → a → vegetables: lettuce, carrots ...
5 → f → fruit: bananas, apples...
6 → c → bread: rice, bread, doughnuts...

Exercise 2 p.24: ( Food: Past and Present )

Example:

►Our grandparents used to eat most home made / natural food.

►We eat most ready- made / GMF / fast food today .

Exercise 3 p.24: ( Agreeing / Disagreeing )

Example:

►I agree with the author when he says that our eating habits have changed completely
over the last years.
►I disagree with the author when he says that this change in our eating patterns is
imposed on us by an overall transformation in our life styles.

Exercise 4 p.25:

TIP BOX: ( Techniques to avoid repetition )

Writers use a lot of techniques to avoid repetition because it is not good to repeat the
same words when writing. They often express what they mean in different ways.

Technique Example from the text

a) Synonyms
eating habits = eating patterns
by contrast = contrary to

enjoy his meal = eat his meal
the whole house hold = all the
members of the family
changed = transformed
b) Antonyms
traditional ≠ modern
declined ≠ increased
chosen ≠ imposed
c) Pronouns instead of
that = (consumption)
it = (his change in our eating patterns)
noun or noun phrase
it = (life)
they = (people)
they = (most people)
d) A verb instead of a noun eat = eating
e) A noun instead of a verb changed = this change

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Exercise 5, p.25: (Definitions / Relative Pronouns )

A restaurant is a place where people dine out.

A waiter is a person who serves clients in a restaurant.

Beef is the meat/flesh which/that comes from an ox, a bull , or a cow.

Ramadan is the month when Muslims fast.

A widow is a woman whose husband is dead.

This is the man whom I met yesterday.

Exercise 6, p.26: (Non-defining relative clauses)

A) London, which is the Capital of the United Kingdom, has eight million inhabitants.
B) The Earl of Sandwich, who invented the first snack called sandwich, was an admiral of the
English Fleet.
C) Hamburg, which gave its name to the most popular fast food in the world, is a German town.

Note = The clauses are put between commas ► ------- , (---------) , --------

Exercise 7, p.26: (Defining relative clauses)

a) Food which contains chemicals is dangerous for health. ► ( No comma )
b) A person who serves meals at the restaurant is called a waiter. ► ( No comma )
c) Summer is the season when most people take their holidays. ► ( No comma )

WRITE IT OUT: ( p.26)

Exercise 1, p.26: (The comparatives)
1. …… is prettier than …..
2. …… is more beautiful than …..
3. …… is cheaper than …..
4. …… runs as quickly as …..
5. …… is not as safe as …..
6. …… is less comfortable than …..
7. …… is the most expensive of all.
8. …… is the smoothest of all

(Grammar Reference n° 6 pp.193-194)

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Exercise 2, p.27:

What Do People Wear?

Climate, tradition, and history affect the way people dress. For example, in
Northern European countries, the weather / climate is cold. Consequently, people
wear warm clothes. By contrast, in Northern Africa, the climate is hot /temperate.
As a result, North Africans wear light clothes (§1)

Differences in tradition also influence the types of clothes people wear. For
instance, in Muslim countries, people wear their best traditional clothes when going
to a feast / party, in contrast to America where people put on formal clothes, suits
and ties during ceremonial occasions. (§2)

Contrary to what some people think, history is no less important when it

comes to clothes. In olden days, young people in Algeria used to wear traditional
clothes like djellabas whereas / in contrast today they wear modern clothes like
trousers and shirts. In olden days, they were used to wear shechias, but nowadays,
they wear sports caps. (§3)

The most important factor that determines dressing styles today is fashion. So in
most of the world people like wearing jeans and sports shoes. However, there are still
some countries which keep to their traditional clothing in spite of globalization. (§4)

READING AND WRITING - II ( pp. 28-29)

Exercise 1, p.28: (The Logo of the United Towns Organization)

A) The key of a city represents hospitality and welcome. It is offered to the most distinguished and
trustworthy people.
B) The circles stand for twinned towns.
C) The answer is in the logo. It’s written in Arabic.
D) Towns belonging to different countries twin in order to collaborate with each other in many
fields and promote mutual understanding.

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Exercise 3, p.29: ( Comprehension Questions )

A) Twin towns are towns which have agreed to collaborate with each other.
B) They are arriving on Sunday afternoon on Sunday, March 15.
C) The Mayor of Algiers is giving the opening speech.
D) The programme includes the visit of the Martyr’s Monument, the Roman Ruins, the Royal
Mauretanian Mausoleum and the Kasbah.

Exercise 4, p.29: (Present continuous / Going to + inf.)

A) The Bulgarian students are staying at the Safir Hotel.

B) Are they visiting Zeralda next week?
C) I hope you will enjoy your visit.
D) I will get you an aspirin.
E) I’ve a camera. I’m going to take pictures of the Royal Mauretanian Mausoleum.

(See Grammar Reference 7, p.496)

WRITE IT OUT: ( p.29)

Topic: Imagine you are one of the Bulgarian students visiting Algeria. Send an email to an English
pen friend of yours telling him/her about your plans for the next two months. Use the
information in the box.

Start like this:

Dear ….. ,
I'm staying with an Algerian host family for the next two months.

Time Place Activity

Algeria stay/host family/two months
tomorrow Blida and Mount Chréa ecological visit
next week the Sahara go down/tour there/2 weeks
visit El-Oued
August 2nd El-Kala coral fishing
August 5th - August 8th Beni Yenni visiting silversmiths
August 15th home fly back

Dear friend,
I'm staying with an Algerian host family for the next two months.
Tomorrow, we are having an ecological visit to Blida and Mount Chréa. Next
week, we are touring the Sahara for 2 weeks. We are visiting El-Oued. On
August 2nd, El-Kala, a town famous for its coral fishing is going to be our next
destination. From August 5th to August 8th, we are visiting Beni Yenni
silversmiths. The week after, we are flying back home – home, sweet home –
So long,

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School : Said Messaoud , Ouled-Mimoun , Tlemcen.

Teacher : Z. Lakmèche.

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