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Vibration Analysis For CBM: Basic Concepts - Unit 2

This document provides an overview of basic vibration analysis concepts. It discusses degrees of freedom and how vibration can be measured in horizontal, vertical, and axial directions. It explains the concepts of phase including how masses can vibrate in or out of phase. Common units used to measure vibration properties like displacement, velocity, acceleration, frequency, and cycles per minute are defined. The relationships between vibration parameters like displacement, velocity, and acceleration and the frequencies they are more sensitive to are described. Examples of choosing appropriate vibration parameters and measurement directions for different machine components are provided. Failure modes that different parameters may help identify are listed. The document encourages thinking about questions that can help evaluate machine health and weaknesses based on vibration analysis.

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Mehboob ulHaq
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234 views

Vibration Analysis For CBM: Basic Concepts - Unit 2

This document provides an overview of basic vibration analysis concepts. It discusses degrees of freedom and how vibration can be measured in horizontal, vertical, and axial directions. It explains the concepts of phase including how masses can vibrate in or out of phase. Common units used to measure vibration properties like displacement, velocity, acceleration, frequency, and cycles per minute are defined. The relationships between vibration parameters like displacement, velocity, and acceleration and the frequencies they are more sensitive to are described. Examples of choosing appropriate vibration parameters and measurement directions for different machine components are provided. Failure modes that different parameters may help identify are listed. The document encourages thinking about questions that can help evaluate machine health and weaknesses based on vibration analysis.

Uploaded by

Mehboob ulHaq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VIBRATION ANALYSIS FOR CBM

BASIC CONCEPTS – UNIT 2

BY DIBYENDU DE
VIBRATION MONITORING

Degrees of Freedom?

Degrees of Freedom determines the direction


in which we measure vibration
Measurement direction - Horizontal,
Vertical, Axial.
MEASUREMENT DIRECTION - HORIZONTAL, VERTICAL,
AXIAL.

Horizontal Vertical

Instrument
Axial
CONCEPT OF PHASE - 1

Masses C and D are in sync or


are in-step

That is they move together

Hence the masses are vibrating


in phase
CONCEPT OF PHASE – 2

While Mass X is now at the upper


limit

Mass Y is at the neutral position and


moving downwards towards the
lower limit

Hence Masses X & Y are moving 90


degrees out of phase
CONCEPT OF PHASE – 3

While Mass A is now at the upper


limit

Mass B is at the lower limit

Hence Masses A & B are moving 180


degrees out of phase
UNITS OF VIBRATION

Displacement in Velocity in
Acceleration in
Microns or Mils mm/sec or
meter/sec^2 or ‘g’
1mil = 1/1000 inch inch/sec

Frequency in CPM
or Hz
Hz x 60 = CPM
Vibration

Mass, Stiffness, Space


Energy
Natural Frequency Motion
Strain d
Kinetic v
Force a Time
Low

Medium
frequency
High
Spike Energy
Overall Signatures
Time wave form Envelope
Orbit Cepstrum
Patterns

Faults = Unbalance, Misalignment, Bearings, Product defect etc


VIBRATION - CAR ANALOGY

Low Frequency
Long period (T)
High displacement
Average Velocity
Low Acceleration
Medium Frequency
Medium period (T)
Average displacement
Average Velocity
Average Acceleration

High Frequency
Short period (T)
Low displacement
Average Velocity
High Acceleration
VIBRATION
Displacement: Acceleration:
Sensitive to low Sensitive to high
frequencies. frequencies.
Good guide for imbalance, Good for rolling element
& other low frequency faults. bearing damage.

Velocity:
Has average sensitivity throughout the frequency range.
Reasonably sensitive to imbalance, misalignment, looseness and
rolling element bearing damage.
EXERCISE – CHOOSE APPROPRIATE PARAMETER
• Anti friction Bearings – velocity and acceleration
• Gears
• Journal Bearings
• Bush Bearings
• Pump casing
• VFD shaft
• Thrust bearing
• Pipes and fluid flows
EXERCISE – CHOOSE APPROPRIATE PARAMETER &
DIRECTION

• Motor
• Pump
• Cooling Tower Fan
• On steel and concrete structures
• Foundations
• Slow speed anti-friction bearing
• Vibrating Screen
• Steam Turbines
EXERCISE - FAILURE MODES – PARAMETER?
Pitting of anti-friction bearings
Wear out and/or clearances of journal bearings
Lubrication starvation
Unbalance, misalignment, looseness
Screw wear out and shear of extruders
Leakage of mechanical seals
Gear teeth sheared from root
Cavitation
Cracks in shafts
Cracks in structures
EXERCISE – THINK OVER THE QUESTIONS
• Which is the weakest bearing?
• Which direction is the weakest?
• What might be the failure modes? BEARING 6219 BEARING
& NU219
• What would be the parameters? NU219
BEARING
NU320
BEARING
6320

• What is the most important direction


• What would be the most important
technique?
• What would define the health of the
machine? FAN
BLOWER ASSEMBLY
THANK YOU FOR COMPLETING UNIT 2
CONTACT: FOR FACILITATED TRAINING
DIBYENDU DE, EMAIL ID: [email protected]

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