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Mass Philippines Easter Sunday: Mestizo

The document summarizes key events in Philippine history, including the first Catholic mass, the Cavite mutiny of 1872 that preceded the Philippine revolution, debates around Jose Rizal's alleged retraction of faith, and the Cry of Pugadlawin where Andres Bonifacio and early Katipunan members symbolically tore up their identification cards to signify taking up arms against Spanish colonial rule.

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Chadric Dhale Cucio
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36 views

Mass Philippines Easter Sunday: Mestizo

The document summarizes key events in Philippine history, including the first Catholic mass, the Cavite mutiny of 1872 that preceded the Philippine revolution, debates around Jose Rizal's alleged retraction of faith, and the Cry of Pugadlawin where Andres Bonifacio and early Katipunan members symbolically tore up their identification cards to signify taking up arms against Spanish colonial rule.

Uploaded by

Chadric Dhale Cucio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Site of the first mass

 The first Catholic Mass in the Philippines was held on March 31,
1521, Easter Sunday. It was said by Father Pedro de Valderrama along the
shores of what was referred to in the journals of Antonio Pigafetta as
"Mazaua“ (Limasawa).

 Antonio Pigafetta was an Italian scholar and explorer from the


Republic of Venice. He joined the expedition to the Spice Islands led by
explorer Ferdinand Magellan under the flag of King Charles I of Spain
 Limasawa Island is a historical place, considered by many as the “site of the
first Mass in the Philippines” on March 31, 1521. Southern Leyte’s smallest
municipality, Limasawa, located at the southern tip of Leyte, was visited by
Chinese and perhaps Arabic traders before the arrival of the Spaniards.
The island municipality still holds the commemoration of the first Catholic
mass in the Philippines through the Sinugdan Festival every March 31.

 On June 19, l960 a law was passed by the congress, the Republic Act No.
2733, declared the site of Magallanes on Limasawa Island as the national
shrine to commemorate the first Mass ever held in the country that gave
birth to Christianity in this now predominantly Catholic nation

The 1872 Cavite Mutiny

 One hundred and forty years ago, on January 20, 1872, about 200 Filipino
military personnel of Fort San Felipe Arsenal in Cavite, Philippines, staged a
mutiny which in a way led to the Philippine Revolution in 1896. The 1872
Cavite Mutiny was precipitated by the removal of long-standing personal
benefits to the workers such as tax (tribute) and forced labor exemptions on
order from the Governor General Rafael de Izquierdo.

Battle

 Their leader was Fernando La Madrid, a mestizo sergeant with his second in
command Jaerel Brent Senior, a moreno. They seized Fort San Felipe and
killed eleven Spanish officers. The mutineers thought that fellow Filipino
indigenous soldiers in Manila would join them in a concerted uprising, the
signal being the firing of rockets from the city walls on that night.
 Unfortunately, what they thought to be the signal was actually a burst of
fireworks in celebration of the feast of Our Lady of Loreto, the patron
of Sampaloc. The plan was to set fires in Tondo in order to distract the
authorities while the artillery regiment and infantry in Manila could take
control of Fort Santiago and use cannon shots as signals to Cavite. All
Spaniards were to be killed, except for the women.[3] News of the mutiny
reached Manila, supposedly through the lover of a Spanish sergeant, who
then informed his superiors, and the Spanish authorities feared for a massive
Filipino uprising. The next day, a regiment led by General Felipe Ginovés
besieged the fort until the mutineers surrendered. Ginovés then ordered his
troops to fire at those who surrendered, including La Madrid. The rebels were
formed in a line, when Colonel Sabas asked who would not cry out, "Viva
España", and shot the one man who stepped forward. The rest were
imprisoned.

Afteramath

 In the immediate aftermath of the mutiny, some Filipino soldiers were


disarmed and later sent into exile on the southern island of Mindanao.
 Those suspected of directly supporting the mutineers were arrested
and executed.

 The mutiny was used by the colonial government and Spanish friars to
implicate three secular priests, Mariano Gómez, José Burgos, and Jacinto
Zamora, collectively known as Gomburza. They were executed by garrote on
the Luneta field, also known in the Tagalog language as Bagumbayan, on
17th February 1872.
 A decree was made, stating there were to be no further ordinations
/appointments of Filipinos as Roman Catholic parish priests.

The Retraction of Rizal

One of the most intriguing of all was the issues of Jose Rizal was his alleged
retraction which was all about his reversion to the Catholic Faith and all other
issues linked to it such as his marriage to Josephine Bracken.

That issue was claimed to be true by the Roman Catholic defenders but
asserted to be deceptive by anti-retractonists. They claim that the retraction
document is a forgery, but handwriting experts concluded a long time ago that it is
genuine. Rafael Palma’s opus on Rizal, titled “Biografia de Rizal” is so anti-Catholic
that the Church successfully opposed its publication using government funds. In an
article authored by Romberto Poulo, Rizal’s affiliation in Masonry was accounted to
have caused drastic change to his religious ideas. It was in the moment Rizal set
foot on European soil when he was exposed to a great deal of distinctions between
what was happening to his country, the discriminations, abuses, partialities,
injustices, and some other things made to cause sufferings to his countrymen, and
what was the actual scene of the European nations. He observed that Europe was a
lot more different compared to the Philippines in terms of way of life, attitudes
towards Roman Catholicism, and most importantly, the freedom all the citizens
enjoy.
Surely whether Rizal died a Catholic or an apostate adds or detracts nothing from
his greatness as a Filipino. It is because of what he did and what he was that we
revere Rizal. Catholic or Mason, Rizal is still Rizal: the hero who courted death “to
prove to those who deny our patriotism that we know how to die for our duty and
our beliefs”

Cry of pugad lawin

The news of the discovery of the Katipunan spread throughout Manila and
the suburbs. Bonifacio, informed of the discovery, secretly instructed his runners to
summon all the leaders of the society to a general assembly to be held on August 24.
They were to meet at Balintawak to discuss the steps to be taken to meet the crisis.
That same night of August 19, Bonifacio, accompanied by his brother Procopio,
Emilio Jacinto, Teodoro Plata, and Aguedo del Rosario, slipped through the cordon
of Spanish sentries and reached Balintawak before midnight. Pio Valenzuela
followed them the next day.

n the 21st, Bonifacio changed the Katipunan code because the Spanish
authorities had already deciphered it. In the afternoon of the same day, the rebels,
numbering about 500, left Balintawak for Kangkong, where Apolonio Samson, a
Katipunero, gave them food and shelter. In the afternoon of August 22, they
proceeded to Pugadlawin.

The following day, in the yard of Juan A. Ramos, the son of Melchora Aquino
who was later called the "Mother of the Katipunan", Bonifacio asked his men
whether they were prepared to fight to the bitter end. Despite the objection of his
brother-in-law, Teodoro Plata, all assembled agreed to fight to the last. "That being
the case, " Bonifacio said, "bring out your cedulas and tear them to pieces to
symbolize our determination to take up arms!" The men obediently tore up their
cedulas, shouting "Long live the Philippines!" This event marked the so-called "Cry
of Balintawak," which actually happened in Pugadlawin.

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