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Ionization Potentials

The document discusses ionization potential and the factors that affect it. Ionization potential is the energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom to form a positive ion, such as the first ionization energy which is the energy required to remove the outermost electron. The second ionization energy is the energy required to remove the next electron after the first has been removed. Key factors that affect ionization potential include effective nuclear charge, atomic size, principal quantum number, shielding effect, half or completely filled orbitals, and orbital type. Ionization potential generally increases across a period from left to right and decreases down a group due to shielding and atomic size effects.

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50 views

Ionization Potentials

The document discusses ionization potential and the factors that affect it. Ionization potential is the energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom to form a positive ion, such as the first ionization energy which is the energy required to remove the outermost electron. The second ionization energy is the energy required to remove the next electron after the first has been removed. Key factors that affect ionization potential include effective nuclear charge, atomic size, principal quantum number, shielding effect, half or completely filled orbitals, and orbital type. Ionization potential generally increases across a period from left to right and decreases down a group due to shielding and atomic size effects.

Uploaded by

Joshua Señarosa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Northern Zambales College

Masinloc Zambales

Course: BEED-III
Subject: inorganic Chemistry
Instructor: Mrs. Josephine T. Edora Ed,D
Name/s: Hedellewise M. Gaboya

Ionization Potential Factors affecting Ionization Potential

Ionization Energy  Effective nuclear charge


 Atomic size i.e. atomic radius
The process of removing an electron from an
 Principle quantum number
isolated atom to form a positive ion.
 Shielding effect
 First ionization energy (I1):  Half filled and completely filled orbitals
Amount of energy required to remove the most loosely  Nature of orbitals
bound electron from an isolated gaseous atom to form a  The extent of penetration of valence electrons
cation.
Al(g) Al+(g)+e- l1=580 kJ/mol

 Second ionization energy (I2): Trends in Ionization Potential


Amount of energy required to remove a second  Ionization energy generally increases from left
electron from the gaseous monopositive cation to form to right in a period because of the increase in
di-positive cation. nuclear charge and decrease in atomic radius.
Al+(g) Al2+(g)+e- l2=1815 kJ/mol  Ionization energies generally decrease down a
group due to the shielding effect and increase
 Ionization energies are usually expressed in in atomic size.
electron volts (eV) per atom or in kilo-Joules per  Deviations from these trends can usually be
mol (kJ/mol) --> 1eV/atom=96.48 kJ/mol . traced to repulsion between electrons,
 Value of each ionization energy will increase particularly electrons occupying the same
with each removed electron, since the orbitals.
attractive influence of the nucleus increases  When all valence electrons have been removed,
and will require more energy for the removal of the ionization energy takes a quantum leap.
an electron from more positive charges.
 Ionization energies measure how tightly
electrons are bound to atoms. Low energies
indicate ease of removal of electrons and vice
versa.

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