Global Geotech

Explorational Drilling & Sampling Equipment

 Global Geotech
Exploratlonal Drilling & Sampling Equipment

Welcome to Global Geotech

Global Geotech is a leading manufacturer and supplier of exploration drilling and sampling equipment. We currently
provide companies throughout the world with high quality earth drilling, boring, sampling and in situ ground testing
equipment. We pride ourselves in offering the best possible equipment and advice. Our aim is to help our
customers maximize productivity and minimize costs. Our experienced engineers and technical staff are always
happy to advise and deal with any enquiries that you may have.

Global Customers Global Standards

Global Geotech has a reputation for offering the highest By listening to the needs of our customers, we are able
quality service to a broad range of clients large and to contantly achieve high standards in the following
small. Our regular customers include: areas:

Drilling Contractors Competitive Prices

Geotechnical Consultants Extensive Product Range
Civil Engineers Product development and field testing
Mining Companies Experienced engineers and technicians
Hydrologists and Geologists Rigorous quality controls
Environmental Consultants High level of customer service

Global Technology
To maintain our competitive pricing we have our own manufacturing facilities, equipped with some of the latest
technology and best machines available. We also have research and development capabilities, giving us the fexibil ity
to meet and exceed the ever changing demands of the drilling profession.

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 Global Geotech
Explorational Drilling & Sampling Equipment

Table of Contents

1. CORE BARRELS 8. IN SITU TESTS

Core Barrel Selection Guide Standard Penetration Test (SPT)
B and XB Series Single Tube Core Barrels Dynamic Probe Test (DP)
TI Series Double Tube Core Barrels Flat Dilatometer Test (DMT)
T2 Series Double Tube Core Barrels Seismic Dilatometer Test (SDMT)
T6 Series Double Tube Core Barrels Packer Tests
T6S Series Double Split Tube Core Barrels Water Level Indicators (Dipmeters)
WG & WF Series Double Tube Core Barrels
412F Airflush Core Barrel 9. CABLE PERCUSSION TOOLS
Wireline Double Tube Core Barrels Shell & Auger
Wireline Triple Tube Core Barrels
GBS Large Diameter Wireline Core Barrel 10. DRILLING ACCESSORIES
Mazier Core Barrel Drilling Accessories
Core Barrel Spare Parts
Coreliner System (TRIPLEX) 11. CONTACT INFORMATION

2. CORE BITS, CASING SHOES, REAMING SHELLS

Core Bit Application Chart
Tungsten Carbide Core Bits
PDC Core Bit
TSP Cube Set Core Bits
Surface Set Diamond Core Bits
Impregnated Core Bits
Casing Shoes and Rod Shoes
Reaming Shells
Dimensional Data
Core Bit Operating Parameters

3. CASING
Metric Casing
DCDMA Casing

4. DRILL RODS
Para llel and Taper Threaded Rod s
Wireline Drill Rods
Heavy Duty Friction Welded Drill Rods

5. ROTARY DRILL BITS

Tricone Roller Bits
Drag Bits
PDC Drill Bits

6. UNDISTURBED SOIL SAMPLERS

Piston Sampler
Pitcher Sampler
UlOO Sampling Systems
Shelby Tube Samplers

7. ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLING
The Global GEO Rig
Windowless Samplers

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 Global Geotech
Explorational Drilling & Sampling Equipment

CORE BARREL SELECTION GUIDE

CONVENTIONAL DOUBLE TUBE CORE BARRELS

TI Series Core Barrels
Ultra thin wall core barrels available in diameters 46 and 56mm, suitable for underground mining operations.
These core barrels require re latively light feed pressure and torque, which means that they cut effectively at high
rotation speeds using lightweight diamond drills.

T2 Series Core Barrels

Thin wall core barrels available in diameters 46, 56, 66, 76, 86 and lOlmm, suitable for general exploration
purposes. These core barrels have a relatively small cutting area and therefore permit rapid penetration, especially in
harder rock formations. Water or polymer flush is required. Designed for use in conjunction with metric casing.

T6 Series Core Barrels

The T6 series is a continuation of the T2 series, but of a sturdier design, and available in larger diameters, 76, 86, 101,
116, 131 and 146mm, suitable for general exploration purposes. Water, mud or air can be used as the flushing
medium, but when using air, oversized bits and head couplings are recommended to allow sufficient space for the
cuttings to clear. Designed for use in conjunction with metric casing. The T6H core barrel is the imperial sized
equivalent of the T6-101, virtually identical in design, but with a slightly smaller O.D. enabling it to fit inside HW or HX
casing.

T6S Series Core Barrels

These core barrels have an aluminium split inner tube and are intended for use in geotechnical work in very loose
formations. The split inner tube combined with face discharge bits gives an undisturbed sample. A large annulus
between inner and outer tube allows for mud and air flushing. Available diameters are 101 and 131mm.

WF I WG Series Core Barrels

Geotechnical core barrels, available in DCDM A diameters N, H, P and S. The WF series is designed for coring
soft formations using face-discharge core bits, with water or mud as the flushing medium. The WG series use internal
discharge core bits and are designed for slightly harder rocks. Core bits have a re latively large crown area compared
with metric series T2 and T6, and this tends to slow penetration and cause faste r bit wear in harder rocks. The head
design is rather primitive and ut ilises only a single thrust bearing so they do not rotate as smoothly as t he more
modern core barrels. They continued to be widely used largely due t o clients wishing to specify hole and core sizes
according to U.S. and U.K. Standards.

CONVENTIONAL TRIPLE TUBE CORE BARRELS

Triple Tube Core Barrels are designed to maximize core recovery in site investigation and core exploratory drilling
programs. Triple t ube core barrels may use either a split steel tube that fits snugly inside t he inner tube (e.g. "Triefus"
NMLC and HM LC core barrels) or a clear plastic tube known as the "Coreliner" or "Triplex" system. Clear, semi-rigid
PVC "Coreliners" are available to convert many double tube conventional core barrels into triple tube type. These thin
PVC t ubes are pushed into the inner tube before each core run. After retrieving the core barrel from the hole, the
coreliner (which now contains t he drilled core) is removed quickly and in "one piece" simply by gripping the lower end
of the liner and easing it out of t he inner tube with a pair of pliers. This method can give 100% core recovery even in
difficult formations. Special core bits, core lifters and core lifter cases with a slightly reduced internal diameter are
req uired when using coreliners.

11 1
WIRELINE DOUBLE TUBE CORE BARRELS W/~
Wireline core barrels are used in deep holes, mainly because they drastically reduce the time spent handling the rod
string each t ime the core is retrieved. An overshot device is dropped on a cable and directly couples onto t he inner
t ube assembly, allowing fast retrieval of the core after each core run. Available in DCDMA sizes B, N, H. and P.
A geotechnical version of the w ireline system ("GBS") is also available in S size, giving cores in excess of 100 mm.

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Explorational Drilling & Sampling Equipment

WIRELINE TRIPLE TUBE CORE BARRELS "W/ L3"

These are modifications of standard wireline double tube barrels but incorporate a third, split tube. The split tube is
pumped out of the inner tube after retrieval, allowing the core to be examined in its in-situ state. Generally used when
high quality core is required in broken, fractured formations, using face-discharge core bits. The use of a third tube
requires the bits to cut a slightly smaller diameter core than double tube w ireline barrels. PVC Coreliners can be used
instead of the split inner tube, enabling the core to be retained in one piece w ithin the core box.

CORE BARRELS FOR SPECIAL APPLICATIONS

Air Flush Core Barrels
The 412F core barrel has been specially designed with a larger space than usual between the inner and outer tubes,
making it possible to pump a high volume of air through the barrel onto the face of the bit. This core barrel is normally
used w ith face discharge type core bits, with or without Coreliners. T6S series core barrels are also optimally designed
for use of air flush.

Core Barrels for Very Soft, Friable Formations

In very soft formations the rotation of the core bit and the passage of the flush may destroy the core before it passes
into the inner tube. Mazier core barrels have a spring-loaded inner tube that allows the core lifter case to protrude in
advance of the bit when coring in soft formations, and to retract back into the bit when coring harder rocks. The bits
are face discharge type and Coreliners are used in the inner tube. Mazier core barrels can achieve 100% core recovery
even in the most difficult formations. Similar to t he Mazier, the NMLC / HMLC "Retractor" core barrels also
incorporate a spring loaded inner t ube and achieve very good recovery in soft formations.

Single Tube Core Barrels

Single tube core barrels are used when the quality of the core is only of minor importance, or in very hard
consolidated fo rmat ions where there is little chance t hat the fl ush will erode t he core. Nowadays, single tube core
barrels are used mainly as starter barrels (to begin t he first stages of t he borehole) or for coring in concrete. The B
series single tube core barrels are available in diameters 46, 56, 66, 76, 101, 116, 131 and 146 mm.

TIPS FOR CHOOSING THE CORRECT CORE BARREL

Which type of core barrel is best for your application? The overall aim is to choose the core barre that will give as close
as possible to 100% core recovery, whilst maintaing a good rate of production. Below we consider some of the most
important questions to ask:

How deep is the borehole?

For shallow holes (less th an 30 metres deep) a conventional double t ube core barrel is the most economical choice.
For deeper holes (greater than 30 meters) consider using a wireline core barrel. The advantage switches strongly t o
wireline as hole depth increases because of the effect of reduced rod handling time on the overall rate of production.

What is the geology?

In hard, competent formations choose a thin-walled double core barrel for the fastest rate of penetration with lowest
pressure on bit: T2 series double t ube core barrels are recommended.
In soft or broken formations, consider using a triple tube core barrel, T6 with Coreliners, T6S or Triefus Triple Tube. If
core washing is a problem consider use face-d ischarge core bitn to minimize erosion of the core.
For very soft formations, when core recovery is very difficult, consider using Mazier or Triefus Retractor core barrels.
For coring concrete, the most economical choice is a B series single tube core barrel.

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Explorational Drilling & Sampling Equipment

What is the flushing medium?

When water is used as the flushing medium (usually in hard rocks), T2 core barrels are the best design.
When mud or polymers are used as the flushing medium (softer rocks), T6 core barrels are the best design.
When air or foam is used as the flushing medium, 412F or T6S core barrels are most suitable.

What diameter core is required?

Generally speaking, core recovery is maximized by choosing a large diameter core barrel. This is because the cutting
area (amount of rock removed) decreases as a proportion of the hole area as diameter increases, thus causing less
disturbance of the sample at larger diameters. If core recovery is a problem, consider switching to a larger diameter.
The largest diameter core barrels read ily available are T6-146 (metric series), SWF (DCDMA) and GBS (geotechnical
wireline).

CORE BARREL APPLICATION GUIDE

Hole Diameter (mm) 46 56 66 76 86 101 116 131 146

Typical Application

Hole diameter (DCDMA) A B N H p s

Core recovery not important.
Single Tube B Series x x x x x x x x x starter holes, concrete coring;
~aternush

Very hard competent rock,

Double Tube TT Series x x underground mining; water flush

Double Tube T2 Serles x x x x xt xi Hard rock. water and polymer nush

Soft - hard rock, water, polymer

Double Tube T6 Series x xt xi xi xi xt and mud Hush

Soft fragmented rock; polymer,

Double Split Tube T6S Series x x mud and air llush

Soft - medium rock, water, mud

Double Tube DCDMA x x xl XI xi and polymer flush

Deep holes, medium - very hard

Wireline Double Tube x XI xt xi competent rock. water and polymer
flush

Deep holes, soft - hard

Wireline TripleTube xi xt xt ~ragmented rock, water and
polymer flush

Large diameter core, soft - hard,

Wireline Geotechnical GBS xi competent or fragmented rock;
water, mud, polymer and air flush

Airflush 412F XI Soft - medium rock, air flush

Extremely soft, friable formations.

Mazier & Retractor Core Barrels xt xt xi water, mud and polymer llush.

x 1nd1cates available diameter, t indicates tnple tube 1s possible as standard, or by using plastic corellners inside the in ner tube.

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Explorotionol Drilling & Sampling Equipment
-

B and XB Series Single Tube Core Barrels

B type single tube core barrels are suit able for drilling when no core examination is requ ired (e.g. the drilling of grout holes).

XB type are suitable for extended concrete coring.

Whereas the B type core barrel is a fi xed length, the XB core barrel can be extended during drilling by adding
additional metric casing tubes betw een the core barrel head and sa mple tube. In both types, the core lifter fits
into the the t aper on t he inside of t he core bit and reaming shell, so a core lifter case is not required.

Advantages:
1
Saves cost when no core is requi red
Easily extendable in length when cori ng through t hick concrete (XB type).

Technical Data 2
Core Barrel Type

846 856 866 876 886 8101 8116 8131 8146

Specification
XB46 XBS6 XB66 XB76 XB86 XB101 XB116 XB131 XB146

Hole Diameter
46.3 56.3 66.3 76.3 86.3 101.3 116.3 131.3 146.3
(mm)

Core Diameter
31.7 41.7 51.7 61.7 71.7 86.7 101.7 116.7 131.7
(mm)

Kerf I Crown
7.15 7.15 7.15 7.15 7.15 7.15 7.15 7.15 7.15
Thickness (mm)

Cutting Area (cm 2 ) 8.9 11.2 13.5 15.8 18.1 21.6 25.0 28.4 31.9

Hole Area (cm 2 ) 16.8 24.9 34.5 45.7 58.5 80.6 106.2 135.4 168.1

Cutting Area as%

53% 45% 39% 35% 31% 27% 24% 21% 19%
of Hole Area

Core Area (cm 2 ) 7.9 13.7 21.0 29.9 40.4 59.0 81.2 107.0 136.2

Th read
CR42 CR50 CR50 CR50 CR50 NW NW NW NW
Connection*

Recommended
3
M 56 M 66 M 76 M86 M l Ol M116 M131 M l 46
Casing
*Cross-over sub requi red for drill rods not matching the thread con nect ion in core barrel head

Key to Main Parts of Band XB Core Barrel Assemblies

Complete core barrel consists of: 4
1. Core Barrel Head

2. Sample Tube O.Sm, l.Om, l.5m or 3.0m long

3. Reaming Shell (Blank)

4. Core Lifter

Core Bit is not supplied as part of the core barrel assembly, but must be chosen correctly to match the particular application and
rock formation. A Blank Reaming Shell is supplied with the Core Barrel, but TC or Diamond type may be requ ired for reaming
purposes. Pl ease refer to our Core Bits page for further det ails.
 ~I
Explorotionol Drilling &
-
Sampling Equipment

TT Series Double Tube Core Barrels

TT core barrels are conventional double tube core barrels with an ultra-thin wall. They are
designed for coring in medium hard to very hard homogenous rock in conjunction with water
flushing. These core barrels are used mainly in underground mining operations.
Available in metric (millimetre) hole sizes 46 and 56 mm
Advantages: 1
• A high rate of penetration due to small cutting area of the core bit
• Use of lower pressure and torque minimizes the wear on equipment
• Lower costs for core bits
3

Technical Data
Specification
Core Barrel Type 2
TT46 TT56

Hole Diameter (mm) 46.3 56.3

Core Diameter (mm) 35.3 45.2

Kerf /Crown Thickness (mm) 5.35 5.4

Cutting Area (cm 2 ) 7.0 8.9

Hole Area (cm 2 ) 16.8 24.9

Cutting Area as% of Hole Area 41.7% 35.7%

2 9.8 16.0
Core Area (cm )

Thread Connection in Head* CR42 CR50

Recommended Casing M56 M66

Conversion to triple t ube possible No No

*Cross-over sub requi red for drill rods not matching the thread con nection in core barrel head

Key to Main Parts of TT Core Barrel Assembly

Complete core barrel consists of:
1. Core Barrel Head

2. Inner Tube l.5m or 3.0m

3. Outer Tube l.5m or 3.0m

5 ..
4. Extension Tube

5. Core Lifter

6. Core lifter Case

so
Core Bit and Reaming Shell are not supplied as part of the core barrel assembly, but must be chosen correctly to match
the particular application and rock formation. Please refer to our Core Bits page for further details.
 Global Geotech
Explorational Drilling & Sampling Equipment

T2 Series Double Tube Core Barrels

Thin wall conventional core barrels designed for coring in medium hard to very hard homogenous and slightly broken
formations with water flushing or polymer. They are designed as double tube core barrels but most can be converted
to triple tube by incorporating PVC coreliners. Available in 6 different diameters for metric (millimetre) hole sizes
between 46 -101 mm.

Advantages:

Fast penetration
1
Large core relative to hole size
Good for coring in hard rock formations using impregnated bits

Technical Data

Specification
Core Barrel Type 2 3
T2-46 T2-56 T2-66 T2-76 T2-86 T2-101

Hole Diameter (mm) 46.5 56.5 66.5 76.5 86.5 101.5

Core Diameter (mm) 31.7 41.7 51.7 61.7 71.7 83.7

Kerf I Crown Thickness (mm) 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 8.7

Cutting Area (cm 2) 8.94 11.24 13.53 15.82 18.12 25.57

2 16.83 24.90 34.52 45.72 58.50 80.59
Hole Area (cm )

Cutting Area as% of Hole Area 53% 45% 39% 35% 31% 32%

Core Area (cm 2) 7.89 13.66 20.99 29.90 40.38 55.02

Standard Thread Connection in Head* CR42 CR50 CR50 CR50 CR50 NW

Recommended Metric Casing 56 66 76 86 101 116

Conversion to triple tube possible No No Yes Yes Yes Yes

*Alternative connection types available on request

Technical Standards:
Manufactured in accordance with International Standard ISO 3552-1 : 1992 Rotary core diamond 4
drilling equipment, System B, M etric units. M aterial Grade ofTubes: N80

Key to Main Parts of TG Core Barrel Assembly

Complete core barrel consists of:

1. Core Barrel Head

2. Inner Tube l.5m or 3.0m long

3. Outer Tube 1.5m or 3.0m long

4. Extension Tube

5. Core Lifter

6. Core lifter Case

Core Bit and Reaming Shell are not supplied as part of the core barrel assembly, but must be chosen correctly to match
the particular application and rock formation. Refer to the Core Bits page for further details.

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 Global Geotech
Explorational Drilling & Sampling Equipment

T6 Series Double Tube Core Barrels

General purpose conventional core barrels designed for coring in soft to hard homogenous and
slightly broken formations w ith water, mud, polymer or air flushing. Although designed as double
tube core barrels, all can be converted to triple tube by incorporating PVC coreliners. Available in six
different diameters for metric (millimetre) hole sizes between 76 - 146 mm. Also available as T6H
diameter which produces H diameter hole and fits inside HW casing.

Advantages:
1
Faster penetration compared w it h thicker wall core barrels (e.g. DCDMA types WF, WG etc)
• A general purpose core barrel suitable for soft to hard roc k formations.
In addit ion to water and polymer, mud and air can be used for flushi ng

Technical Data
Core Barrel Type 2 3
Specification
T6-76 T6-86 T6-101 T6-116 T6-131 T6-146
Hole Diameter (mm) 76.3 86.3 101.3 116.3 131.3 146.3
Core Diameter (mm) 57.0 67.0 79.0 93.0 108.0 123.0

Kerf I Crown Thickness (mm) 9.5 9.5 11.0 11.5 11.5 11.5

Cutting Area (cm 2) 20.21 23.24 31.58 38.30 43.79 49.28

Hole Area (cm 2) 45.73 58.49 80.60 106.2 135.4 168.1

Cutting Area as % of Hole Area 44% 40% 39% 36% 32% 29%

Core Area (cm 2) 25.52 35.26 49.02 67.93 91.61 118.8

Standard Thread Connection in Head* CR50 CR50 NW NW NW NW

Recommended Met ric Casing 86 101 116 131 146

Conversion to triple tube possible Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
*Alternative connection types available on request

Technical Standards:
Manufactured in accordance with International Standard ISO 3552- 1: 1992 Rotary core diamond
drilling equipment, System B, Metric units. M aterial Grade of Tubes: N80

Key t o M ain Parts of TG Core Ba rrel Assem bly 4

Complete core barrel consists of:
1. Core Barrel Head

2. Inner Tube l.5m or 3.0m long

3. Outer Tube l.5m or 3.0m long

4. Extension Tube (not required for T6-76, T6-86, T6-101)

S•
6
I

5. Core Lifter

6. Core lifter Case

Core Bit and Reaming Shell are not supplied as part of the core barrel assembly, but must be chosen correctly to match
the particular applicat ion and rock formation. Please refer to our Core Bits page for further details.

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tl'i.\\\i) Global Geotech
'"'.~•\••'1!
-:~~"'/' Exploratlonal Drilling & Sampling Equipment

T6S Series Double Split Tube Core Barrels

The T6S series core barrels are designed for applications such as soil sampling and site investigation in very loose
formations. The core barrel is a double tube conventional type but incorporates a split inner tube making it easy to
inspect the core immediately after taking the sample.

A sturdy type of core barrel suitable for mud and air flushing. It is recommended that

I~
face discharge core bits be used in order to minimize sample disturbance caused by
the fl ush.

Available in metric (millimetre) hole sizes 101 and 131 mm, with an effective length
1.5 metre only I
Advantages: 3
Ideal for direct inspection and rapid logging of the sample when coring loose 1
formations
Large annulus between inner and outer tube allows heavy muds or air to be
used for flushing

Technical Data
Core Barrel Type
Specification
T6S-101 T6S-131
Hole Diamet er (mm) 101.3 131.3
Core Diameter (mm) 72.0 100.8
2
Kerf /Crown Thickness (mm) 14.5 15.0

Cutting Area (cm 2) 39.88 55.60

Hole Area (cm 2 ) 80.6 135.4

Cutting Are a as% of Hole Area 49.5% 41%

! 4
Core Area (cm 2 ) 40.72 79.80 l
Thread Connection in Head*
Recommended Casing

Conversion to triple tube possible

2 3/8" API Reg

M116
No
2 3/8" API Reg
M146

No
L__-J
se
*Cross-over sub requ ired for dri ll rods not matching the thread connection in core barrel head

Key to Main Parts of T6S Core Barrel Assembly

Complete core barrel consists of:
1. Core Barrel Head

2. Split Inner Tube (1.5m only)

3. Outer Tube (l.5m only)

4. Core Lifter Case

5. Core Lifter

Core Bit and Reaming Shell are not supplied as part of the core barrel assembly, but must be chosen correctly to match
the particular application and rock formation. Please refer to our Core Bits page for further details.

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 Global Geotech
Explorational Drilling & Sampling Equipment

WG and WF Series Double Tube Core Barrels

WG and WF series double tube core barrels are sturdily designed for coring soft to
medium rocks using water, polymer or mud flush. The WF series utilize core bits with
face discharge flushing ports to prevent core erosion in soft soils and soft rocks. The WG
series utilize core bits with internal discharge flushing and are designed for slightly
1
harder formations.

These core barrels are intended for use in conjunction with DCDMA drill rods and casing.

Advantages: 3
• Simple sturdy design
• Can be used when DCDMA hole sizes N, H, P and Sare required.
2
Technical Data
Core Barrel Type
Specification
NWG HWG/HWF PWF SWF

Hole Diameter (mm) 75.6 99.2 120.6 146.3

Core Diameter (mm) 54.7 76.2 92.1 112.8

Kerf I Crown Thickness (mm) 10.3 11.35 13.95 16.3

Cutting Area (cm 2) 21.5 31.7 47.7 68.l

Hole Area (cm 2) 45.0 77.3 114.3 168.1

Cutting Area as% of Hole Area 48% 41% 42% 41%

Core Area (cm 2) 23.S 45.6 66.6 100.0

7
2 / s API IF 7
Thread Connection in Head* NW NW/ NWY 2 / s API IF
/NWY

Recommended Casing NW HW PW SW

Conversion to triple tube possible No Yes Yes Yes

*Cross-over sub required for drill rods not matching the thread connection in core barrel
head

Key to Main Parts of WG and WF Core Barrel Assembly

Complete core barrel consists of:
1. Core Barrel Head

2. Inner Tube l.5m or 3.0m long

3. Outer Tube l.5m or 3.0m long

4 . Ferrule I Inner Tube Extension Piece (only required for WF series)

5. Core Lifter

6. Core lifter Case (not required for WG series)

Core Bit is not supplied as part of the core barrel assembly, but must be chosen correctly to match the particular
application and rock formation. Blank Reaming Shell is supplied with WG Series Core Barrels but TC or Diamond type
may be required for some formations. Please refer to our Core Bits page for further details.

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tl'i.\\\i) Global Geotech
'"'.~•\••'1!
-:~~"'/' Exploratlonal Drilling & Sampling Equipment

412F Airflush Core Barrel

The 412F airflush core barrel is designed for coring in soft to medium hard rocks
using air as the flushing medium. It is often used for open-cast coal exploration and
general geotechnical coring in situations where it is not desirable to use water or
mud as the flushing medium.

The large annular space between the inner and outer tubes, in combination with
1
face-discharge core b it designs, allows a large volume of air to reach the face of the
bit . This is essential for cooling the bit and uplifting rock cuttings from the borehole.

This core barrel has proved to be very effective when used with PCD core bits, giving
a fast rate of penetration and good core recovery
3
Advantages:

Optimized for the use of air flush

2
Technical Data
Core Barrel Type
Specification
412F

Hole Diameter (mm) 107.2

Core Diameter (mm) 74.7

Kerf I Crown Thickness (mm) 16.25

Cutting A rea (cm 2) 46.5

Hole Area (cm 2 ) 90.3

Cutting Area as% of Hole Area 51.4%

2 43.8
Core Area (cm )

Thread Connection in Head* HW

Recommended Casing PW
Conversion t o triple t ube possible Yes
*Cross-over sub required for drill rods not matching the thread connection in core barrel head

Key to Main Parts of 412F Core Barrel Assembly

Complete core barrel consists of:
1. Core Barrel Head

2. Inner Tube l.Sm or 3.0m

3. Outer Tube l.5m or 3.0m

4
4. Inner Tube Extension 5•
5. Core Lifter

6. Core Lifter Case

6
Core Bit is not supplied as part of the core barrel assembly, but must be chosen
correctly t o match the particular application and rock formation. Please ref er to our
Core Bits page for further details.

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 Global Geotech
Explorational Drilling & Sampling Equipment

Wireline Double Tube Core Barrels

Wireline core barrels are used when coring to greater depths, mainly because they
eliminate the need to couple and uncouple the rod string each t ime the core is
retrieved. An overshot device is dropped on a cable and directly couples onto the
inner tube assembly, allowing fast retrieva l of the core after each core run.
Available in DCDMA sizes B, N, Hand P.

Advantages:

Faster coring at greater depths

Good stability due to constant diameter of the drill string
Excellent hydraulics
Good core recovery

Technical Data
Core Barrel Type
Specification
BW/L NW/L HW/L PW/L

Hole Diameter (mm) 59.9 75.7 96.3 122.8

Core Diameter (mm) 36.4 47.6 63.5 85.0
Kerf I Crown Thickness (mm) 11.6 13.9 16.2 18.5

Cutting Area (cm 2) 18.3 27.2 41.1 61.7

Hole Area (cm 2) 28.3 45.0 72.8 118.5

Cutting Area as% of Hole Area 64% 60% 56% 52%

Core Area (cm 2) 10.3 17.8 31.7 56.8

Recommended Drill Rod BW/L NW/L HW/L PW/L

Recommended Casing BW NW HW PW
Conversion to triple tube possible Yes Yes Yes Yes

Various Spare Parts for Wireline Core Barrel

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Key to Main Parts of W/L Core Barrel Assembly

:' ..........,, ....., ,,

Complete core barrel consists of: .i

' ',
'
',,,

1. Core Barrel Head

2. Inner Tube 1.Sm or 3.0m
3. Stop Ring

4.Core Lifter
5. Core Lifter Case

6. Locking Coupling
7. Adapter Coupling
8. Landing Ring

9. Outer Tube 1.Sm or 3.0m 30

10. Inner Tube Stabilizer 4 lt!J
~ .· :i
11. Thread Protector
11

. J~
',
'.,.
I

. . . . .J
I
1.
..........., .
'
. . . .!

Core Bit and Reaming Shell are not supplied as part of the core barrel assembly, but must be chosen correctly to match
the particular application and rock formation. Please refer to our Core Bits page for further details.

Safety Overshot
An overshot is required for retrieving the inner tube
assembly after the core run is complete. It is lowered
down through the drill rods with a wire cable until it
latches onto the spear point of the core barrel head.

All our overshots are equipped with a locking sleeve just

above the lifting dogs. The lifting dogs can be locked
before the inner tube assembly is removed from the
borehole, preventing the core barrel from accidentally Safety overshots ore available in B, N, Hand P wireline diameters
becoming loose and causing injury to drillers.

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Wireline Triple Tube Core Barrels

The double tube wireline core barrel is converted to triple tube by incorporating a split steel
tube inside the inner tube. In addition, a piston and pump-out adaptor is provided for
pumping out th e split steel tube when it is full of rock core. The stop ring, core lifter case and
core lifter also differ from the standard double tube core barrel, being slightly smaller in
diameter in order to accept and retain the slightly smaller core.

An alternative method of converting the double tube to triple tube is by using a clear, semi-
rigid PVC coreliner inside the inner tube instead of the split steel tube.

The triple tube core barrel can obtain good core recove ry in fragmented rock fo rmations. Core
bits w ith face discharge flush ing ports are used in these condit ions to minimize erosion of the
core by the flushing medium.

Available in DCDMA sizes B, N, H. and P.

Advantages:

Fast er coring at greater depths

Good stability due to constant diameter of the drill string
Excellent hydraulics
Good core recovery even in highly broken formations.

Split Inner Tube and

Core Ejection Piston

Technical Data
Core Barrel Type
Specification
B3W/ L N3W/ L H3W/ L P3W/ L
Hole Diameter (mm) 59.9 75.7 96.3 122.8
Core Diameter (mm) 33.5 45.1 61.1 83.1
Kerf I Crown Thickness (mm) 13.05 15.l 17.35 19.45

Cutting Area (cm 2) 19.6 29.0 43.S 64.2

Hole Area (cm 2) 28.3 45.0 72.8 118.5

Cutting Area as% of Hole Area 69% 64% 60% 54%

Core Area (cm 2 ) 8.7 16.0 29.3 54.3

Recommended Drill Rod BW L NWL HWL PWL

Recommended Casing BW NW HW PW

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Key to Main Parts of W/L3 Core Barrel Assembly

Complete core barrel consists of: f°' ...

I ....., , ,
,,
1. Core Barrel Head I
I
I
I
14 I
I
2. Pump-out Adaptor 3/4" NPT I
I
I
I
I
3. Piston Plug I
I
I
I
I

4. 0 Ring :
I
I

5. Core Ejection Piston ''

I

'
:' 11
6. Split Inner Tube l.Sm or 3.0m I
I
I
''I
7. Inner Tube l.Sm or 3.0m I

'I
''
8. Stop Ring I'

'
I
I
9. Core Lifter I

''
I
I
I
10. Core Lifter Case ''
I
I

11. Locking Coupling 'II

15 ~
:' 12
12. Adaptor Coupling :'
I

13. Landing Ring I i

I
I

''I
14. Outer Tube l.Sm or 3.0m I
16 I
'
15. Inner Tube Stabilizer
16. Thread Protector l,,!:0 '
',,J'
' ',

Core Bit and Reaming Shell are not supplied as part of the core barrel assembly, but must be
chosen correctly to match the particular application and rock formation. Please refer to our Core
Bits page for further details.

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GBS Large Diameter Geotechnical Wireline Core Barrel

This highly versatile core barrel system is used widely in geotechnical works to
obtain large diameter cores in a wide range of geological formations.

GBS is particularly effective when high quality cores are required in clay, sand
or loose/weak formations. The standard core of 102mm is completely retained
in a clear PVC Coreliner and is easily extracted in one piece after each core run.

The inner tube assembly latches inside the outer core barrel and is lifted to the
surface by a overshot device connected to a wireline cable. The wireline
retrieval method greatly improves production rates compared to conventional
coring method but also leaves the borehole fully cased at all times ensuring GBS in use on site
borehole stability in sensitive geology.

There are several different methods of using this core barrel:

Method 1: For coring medium to hard formations. The bit setting is 146mm OD
x 102mm ID. All bit types can be used depending on geology.

Method 2: For coring in soft formations. TC bits are mainly used which consist
of two parts - pilot and reamer. The reamer OD is lSOmm and pilot ID is
102mm.

Method 3: For coring in very soft or loose formations. The bits are the same as
method 2 but a special extended core lifter case runs 25mm in front of the bit.

Method 4: For coring in very soft or loose formations. The core lifter case is
extended to run 60mm in front of the bit. The inner tube is spring loaded so
that the core lifter case retracts behind the bit when harder formations are
encountered. The bit setting is 146mm OD x 109mm ID

Method 5: Shelby tube sampling of soft or very soft formations. This is an

attachment that replaces the inner tube and has at the bottom end a shelby
tube which samples ahead of the bit. The bit is same as method 1

Method 6: Full hole drilling assembly, this is an attachment that replaces the
inner tube for non-coring purposes. The core bit is same as method 1 and the
non-coring bit is 101.6mm diameter. For pilot coring ahead of the GBS barrel, it
is possible to attach a smaller diameter core barrel (T6-101 or smaller) in place
of the non-coring bit.

Advantages:

Large diameter, high-quality core

• Ability to obtain good recovery in a wide range of geological
formations
Excellent hydraulics
• Very versatile system

GBS Head Assembly

showing latching
mechanism

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Technical Data - GBS Large Diameter Wireline

Drilling Method
Specification
Method 1 Methods 2 / 3 M et hod4 Method 5 Method 6
Hole Diameter (mm) 146.0 150.0 146.0 146.0 146.0
Core Bit set l.D. (mm) 102.0 102.0 109.0 102.0 102.0
Core Diameter (mm) 102.0 102.0 102.0 95.0 N/A
Kerf I Crown Thickness (mm) 22.0 24.0 18.5 22.0 22.0
2
Hole Area (cm 2 ) 167.5 176.8 167.5 167.5 167.5

Core Area (cm 2 ) 81.7 81.7 81.7 70.9 N/A 8

Recommended Drill Rod GBS Monobloc 16

Recommended Casing SW 14
15
18
19
Key to M ain Part s of GBS Core Ba rrel 21
22
1-31 GBS 1500 GBS Core Barrel Complete 1.5m long
1-31 GBS 3000 GBS Core Barrel Complete 3.~ long 24
Hi GBSOT1500 Outer Core Barrel Complete 1.5m long
Hi GBSOT3000 Outer Core Barrel Complete 3.~ long
23
l-31 GBSIT1500 Inner Core barrel Complete 1.5m long
l-31 GBSIT3000 Inner Core barrel Complete 3.0m long
8-26 GBCBH Core Barrel Head Complele

1 GBS25 Stabilizer ~ing 4

2 GBS26 Support coopling
3 GBS27 Larding slee.e
4 GBS281 Outer tube 1500mm 27
4 GBS282 Outer lube 3000mm
5 GBS29 Reaming shell blank 28
6 GBS30 Protectet
8 GBS01 Laich housing
9 GBS03 Laich sel ol3
10 GBS02 Spring set of3
11 GBS04 Spring pin set <ii 3
12 GBSOS Spril!<l pin set <113
13 GBS10 Seal ring
14 GBS07 Larding shOIAder
15 GBS08 Looking nut
16 GBS14 Shaft
17 GBS15 Luoocating nipple
18 GBS09 Slee.e
19 GBS11 Ball bearing
20
21
22
GBS12
GBS13
GBS16
Support ring
Ball bearing
Ball bearing
• 29

23 GBS19 Oring 31
24 GBS17 Ball bearing
25 GBS18 Look nut
26 GBS20 Bearing Hoosing
27 GBS211 PVC Liner 15ronm (includes end caps)
GBS Overshot and lnshot GBS Core Barrel Assembly
27 GBS212 PVC Liner 300iinm (includes end caps)
28 GBS221 Inner lube 1500mm
28 GBS222 Inner lube 3000mm
29 GBS231 Core lifter case llvoe 1)
30 GBS241 Core lifter - fluted
31 GBS31 IT Stabilizer -bronze
30A GBS242 Core lifter - basket type short finaeis
30B GBS243 Core lifter - basket type looo fi""""
SA GBS291 Reaming shell lC
i8 GBS292 Reamina shell diamord

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Mazier Core Barrel

The automatic Mazier core barrel is designed for obtaining undisturbed core samples in
very soft soils.

This core barrel has a spring-loaded inner tube assembly. When drilling in soft formations,
the core lifter case protrudes up to SOmm in front of the bit, and acts as a cutting shoe. The
soft core is protected from the water flush (see Figure a).

When coring in harder materials, t he spring loaded inner t ube comes under pressure and
the inner tube retracts, so now the core lifter case assumes a normal position (see Figure
b).
A PVC coreliner is used inside the inner tube to retain the core, and a "basket" catcher can
be used to prevent soft materials from slipping out.

This type of core barrel is used widely in some parts of Europe and Australasia and is
reported to give 100% recovery in soft formations, such as sands, silts and marls.

It is available in lOlmm hole diameter (74mm core) and can be used in conjunct ion w ith
T2-101 and T6-101 core barrels w hich are more suited for hard rocks.

The 74 mm diameter core obtained with the Mazier is compatible with the commonly used
laboratory triaxial testing apparatus.

Advantages:

Undisturbed core samples from soft soil O.lM Pa

Nil wall coefficient

Drill bit
..
I
'- 1 Flush water

(a) Coring Soft Material (b) Coring Harder Material

(Inner tube extended) (Inner tube retracted)

Technical Data
Core Barrel Type
Specification
M azier 101
Hole Diameter (mm) 101.0
Core Diameter (mm) 74.0

Hole Area (cm 2 ) 80.2

Core Area (cm 2 ) 43.0

Thread Connection in Head* NW

Recommended Casing M116

*Cross-over sub required for drill rods not matching the thread connection in core barrel head

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Key to Main Parts of Mazier Core Barrel Assembly

Complete core barrel consists of:
1. Core Barrel Head

2. Outer Tube 1.0m

3. Compression Spring

4. Piston

5. Inner Tube l.Om

6. PVC Coreliner

7. T.C. Core Bit

8. Basket Core Lifter

9. Cutting Shoe

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Core Barrel Spare Parts

Global Geotech supplies a full range of core barrel spare parts and accessories, from complete core barrel head
assemblies, sets of bearings, extension tubes, core lifters, core lifter cases, stop rings, inner and outer tubes

Extension Tubes, Core Lifter Cases and Core Lifters

T2-101, T6-116 and T6-101 Core Barrel Head

Assemblies

Spare parts for Wireline Core Barrels

Tech nical Standards:

Manufactured in accordance with the following International Standards:

ISO 3552-1: 1992 Rotary core diamond drilling equipment, System B, Metric units

ISO 3551-2:1992 (BS 4019-4:1993) Rotary core drilling equipment, Specification for System A, Inch units

ISO 10097-2:1999 (R07) Wireline diamond core drilling equipment. System A. Inch units

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Coreliner System (TRIPLEX)

Coreliner is a clear, semi-rigid PVC tube that fits inside the inner tube of a core barrel and
allows the rapid extraction of cores in their in-situ state. In principle, all double tube core
barrels - conventional and wireline - can be quickly and easily converted to triple t ube core
barrels (somet imes called "TRIPLEX") - by the addition of a PVC coreliner.

Core barrels that use the coreliner system require a special core bit, core lifter and (in some
cases) special core lifter case, with a slightly smaller internal diameter than the standard type.
This is because the core must be slightly smaller than usual in order to fit into the PVC
coreliner.

This is a very good technique that enhances the quality of core and overall core presentat ion,
especially advantageous when coring sticky, broken and soft formations. It has become the
"industry standard" core handling system in those locations where coreliner is readily
available.

Coreliner is supplied in standard lOft (3.05m) or 5ft (1.525) lengths which are can be easily
trimmed with hacksaw for use in the inner tube of most core barrels. Plastic caps are
available to seal the ends of the coreliner tubes.

Advantages:

Low cost method to convert double tube core barrels to triple tube
Cores preserved in their in-situ state
No disturbance or damage to cores is possible during core extraction or
transportation
Major time saving advantage in core removal
Reduces wear and damage to core barrels
Great technique when coring sticky, soft or broken fo rmat ions

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Technical Data - Coreliner

Standard Core Coreline Core
Coreliner Dimensions Special Core Lifter
Core Barrel Diam eter Diameter
ODx lD(mm) Case required*
(mm) (mm)

T2-66 51.7 48.0 52.3 x 50.3 Yes

T2-76 61.7 58.0 62.3 x 60.3 Yes

T2-86 71.7 68.7 72.4x 70.4 No

T2-101 83.7 80.7 84.4 x 82.4 No
T6-76 57.0 53.0 58.5 x 56.5 Yes
T6-86 67.0 63.0 67.0x 65.0 Yes

T6-101 /T6-H 79.0 76.0 80.0x 79.0 No

T6-116 93.0 90.0 94.5 x 92.5 No
T6-131 108.0 103.5 109.5 x 106.5 Yes
T6-146 123.0 118.0 124.0 x 121.0 Yes
NWL 47.6 45.1 49.0x47.0 Yes

HWL 63.5 61.1 65.0x 63.0 Yes

PWL 85.0 83.1 88.0x 86.0 Yes

HWF 76.2 73.0 76.4 x 74.4 No

PWF 92.1 87.0 92.3 x 89.8 No

SWF 112.8 107.0 113.5 x 110.5 No

412F 74.7 73.0 78.8 x 76.8 No
Mazier 101 72.0 72.0 76.0x 74.0 No
GBS 102.0 102.0 109.5 x 106.5 No
*Special core bit and special core lifter is required for all core barrels when using Coreliner System.

Minimum order quantities of coreliners may apply for less popular core barrels

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2. CORE BITS, CASING SHOES, REAMING SHELLS
 Global Geotech
Exploratlonal Drilling & Sampling Equipment

Core Bits

Global Geotech supplies a wide range of high quality core bits, casing shoes and reaming shells, optimized for use in all
geological formations.

This brief guide is intended to help ours customers choose the most appropriate type of bit for their applications.

The correct choice of core bit depends on a many factors including the hardness, abrasivity and competence of the
rock, type of core barrel, depth of borehole, power of the drill, and the flushing system.

First ,we recommend that our readers pay attention to the Core Bit Application Chart on the next page.

Then we introduce the different types of bits in more detail :

• Tungsten Carbide Core Bits

• PPC Core Bits ("PAX" core bits)
• TSP Cube Set Core Bits ("Geocube" Bits)
• Surface Set Diamond Core Bjts
• Impregnated Diamond Core Bits

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Core Bit Application Chart

The chart below shows the approximate range of application of different core bit types. In general, core bit types with
larger cutting elements should be used in weaker rocks (Tungsten Carbide, PCD and TSP type bits). PCD and TSP types
can be used with water, polymer, mud or air flush. Impregnated Diamond bits should be used in hard to ultra hard
rocks. In the latter case, the most appropriate matrix type depends on the details of the geology. Impregnated bits are
only suitable for use with water or polymer flush. If air is used, the diamond crown will be rapidly burnt-out.

Note that Surface Set Natural Diamond and TSP Cube Set Core Bits have the same range of application. However,
Surface-Set is considered a second choice to TSP and should only be used when TSP is unavailable for a particular size
of bit. For Impregnated Diamond Ultra Terra bits, use matrix type #lOX or higher only in solid fo rmat ions.

Core Bit Cutting Media Type

DCOMA Tungsten
PCO (PDC) TSP Cube Set Surface Set Impregnated Impregnated
Formation Type Representative Rod< 'fypes Mohs UCS(M ) Round Cutters Natural Diamond Diamond
Code Hardness pa Carbide
Cutters Diamond" Geotech Ultra Terra
Soft Pl asti c Clay, Gypsum
Fractured Sand, Marl, Soft Shal e
Abrasive Soft Sandstone, Calcite,
ligni te, Frozen Soil,
Sandy Limestone
Hard Cl ay, Shal e,

Soft Schi st 10
limestone, Sa ndstone, 4
Sil tstone, Fluorite
Coal Measures 15

Sl ate Cl ays tone, 20

Apatite

30

•
•
Al l uvi al Deposi ts,
Serpentine 40
Hard Sandstone

Dolomitic li mesto ne, 4

Nori teGranite, Marble, 60
Schi st

6
Grani te, Dolomite,

Mica Sc hi s~ Oi ori te, 80

Diabase, Hematite,
Magneti te, Syeni te
Quartz, Andesi te 6 100
Ci ongl omera tes,
Trachyte, Porphyry

Basal t, Ga bbro 120

Gnei ss, Pegmatite
Sili ci fied Volcanics (Abrasive)
Chert, Rhyol lte,

Hard Banded Ironstone, 160

Consol idat ed Gl assy Quartzite
Non-Abrasive Taconite 200

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Tungsten Carbide Core Bits

Tungsten-carbide (TC) does not possess the hardness of diamond and as such
has a limited range of application. TC core bits can be a cost effective means
of drilling through softer unconsolidated formations.

We supply two types of tungsten carbide core bits. The standard TC Insert
type has a crown with a sawtooth profile, where each tooth is a tungsten
carbide insert. Inserts may vary in shape: they may be flat plates that extend
across the width of the crown, or octagonal shaped prisms arranged
alternately on the inside and outside diameter of the crown. The octagonal
inserts are more hard wearing because they have a greater number of cutting
edges and are less prone to chip or shatter.

Carbotec type bits are composed of crushed tungsten-carbide chips

suspended in a metallic alloy and fused to the steel crown. Typically, these
tungsten-carbide chips have a grain size of 2 to Smm and have a totally random
orientation within the bit crown . This type of core bit has many more cutting
edges than the standard TC. insert variety. Therefore Carbotec bits have a wider
range of applications including slightly harder sedimentary formations.

Advantages:

Relatively cheap compared with diamond bit s

Cut effectively at low r.p.m. and low weight on bit
Can be cost effective in soft formations
TC Bits with Octagonal Inserts

Carbotec Core Bit

TC Plates

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PDC Core Bits

PDC or "PAX" core bits utilise large cylindrical shaped cutters that consist of a
layer of micron-sized synthetic diamond particles mounted onto a tungsten-
carbide backing substrate (PDC =polycrystalline diamond compact).

The technology was originally developed fo r oil drilling bits. PDC core bits
have proved to be exceptionally cost effective for geotechnical drilling.

PDC core bits have extremely fast penetration rates and a very long working
life. The cutters are extremely tough and can core formations such as hard
limestones with occasional bands of harder rock such as ironstone.

The cutting action is extremely aggressive and a large volume of cuttings are
produced requi ring good volumes of flush to clear the hole and prevent
blocking.

Recommended for coring soft to medium hard formations, with water, air,
mud or foam as the flushing medium. Ideal for air flush applications where a
high rate of production is required.

The size, number and layout of t he cutters can be varied to suit the rock
hardness, abrasivity and other details of the application.

Advantages:

Extremely fast penetration

Long service life
Due to high thermal stability can be used with air as flushing medium

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TSP Cube Set Core Bits

Cube set core bits (sometimes called "Geocube" core bits) are manufactured
in much the same way as surface set diamond core bits, but the natural
diamond stones are replaced by cube-shaped thermally stable polycrystalline
(TSP) cutters, with a V shaped cutting profile.

Unlike natural diamonds th ese cubes do not f latten but remain sharp
throughout the life of the bit. The bits are ext remely tough and have excellent
wear resist ance.

Shear is the mechanism by w hich these bits cut the formation being drilled. In
softer formations, TSP bits are capable of high rates of penetration when
compared with surface-set diamond bits due to their higher degree of cutter
exposure.

Recommended for coring soft to medium hard, abrasive and fragmented

formations, giving a high percentage core recovery even w here there are
rapid changes in format ion hardness. The cutters are stable at high
temperature and are therefore suitable fo r air flush drilling, as well as water,
mud and foam.

Advantages:

Unlike surface set bits the cutting elements remain sharp throughout
the life of the bit
Faster penetration than impregnated or surface set bits
Good for coring broken and abrasive rock formations
Due to high thermal stability can be used with air as flushing medium

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Surface Set Diamond Core Bits

Surface set core bits, as the name suggests, are set with a single layer of
natural diamonds on the working surfaces of the bit crown, arranged in a
specific pattern.

Unlike impregnated diamond bits where controlled erosion of the matrix

crown is required to expose new diamonds, the matrix bond used in
surface set bits is extremely tough and wear resistant. The only function of
the matrix on a surface set bit is to securely hold the diamonds in position
throughout the operational life of the bit.

Surface set bits are used for drilling soft, abrasive, unconsolidated
formations that are not effectively drilled by impregnated diamond bits.
They can also be used for drilling harder formations with low powered
drills, where the rotational speed or bit load produced is not sufficient to
run impregnated bits.
Surface set bits provide higher rates of penetration than impregnated bits
in soft formations due to the greater degree of exposure of the individual
diamond stones. However, as they are set with only a single layer of
diamonds, they generally yield a lower overall bit life.

Available with a range of stone sizes and crown profiles to suit different
rock formations.
Advantages:

Can be cost-effective for coring soft formatioms

Can be used with low powered drills

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Impregnated Core Bits

Manufactured w ith very small, high quality synthetic diamonds mixed evenly through a
metal matrix. The matrix hardness is chosen to suit the rock formation, so that it wears
evenly throughout the life of the bit, exposing new sharp diamonds.

Global Geotech supplied two different ranges of impregnated core bits, for different
applications. Both types incorporate t he latest high technology matrix - the subject of a
worldwide patent - developed by our partner, Diaset Products in Canada.

Ultra Terra Precision M atrix Impregnat ed Core Bits

Ultra Terra core bits are very long-life premium quality products with applications in
mineral exploration core drilling. The proprietary metallurgical matrix is designed to
maximize productivity while minimizing input costs.

Matrix types are designated from Series #lX through to to Series #18X. In general, a bit
with a low matrix number such as #2X should be chosen to drill a relatively soft,
fractured and abrasive formation. As the matrix number increases, the bits are
intended for use in increasingly harder formations up to the highest number, Series
#18X, which should be chosen to drill an ultra hard, highly consolidated, non-abrasive
formation.

For further information download the Ultra Terra Matrix Selection Chart.

Standard matrix height is 12mm, but other matrix heights up to 25mm are available on
request.

Advantages of Ultra Terra Precision bits:

Last longer than competing products (ultra-abrasion resistant gauges)

Maximize penetration rates (cut hard rock faster)
Require less push, resulting in a more accurate drilling
Precise, vibration free drilling for straighter holes
Less fuel consumption, rod wear and corebarrel wear
Better core recovery

Geotech Series Impregnat ed Core Bits

Geotech Series impregnated core bits are the most economical choice for short drilling (up
to 700m) in geotechnical, engineering and shallow mining investigation projects. They are
manufactured using the same matrix technology as in the Ultra Terra bits, but matrix
height is reduced to 6.Smm.

The choice of matrix type is also much simplified . There are only two general purpose
matrix types to choose from :

M atrix type #AR - for soft, abrasive, broken and fragmented rocks
(equivalent to series #2X - #8X)

Matrix type #HR - for hard to very hard, non-abrasive, solid rocks
(equivalent to series #9X - #12X)

All Geotech Bits come with heavy duty 6.5 mm wide waterway profile, extra-hard OD and
ID gauge protection, tungsten carbide waterway protection, 6.Smm impregnated depth,
premium large diamond crystals, high diamond concentration, and titanium -coated
diamonds for extra abrasion resistance.

Because of superior matrix technology, Geotech series bits will vastly outperform any other
bit of similar price in terms of lifespan, accuracy and penetration rates.

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Advantages of Geotech Series Bits:

Relatively low cost product for short holes

30% softer than a competing bit (cuts hard rock faster)
Resists abrasion, OD and ID gauges last longer
Better core recovery
Higher diamond concentration for increased life and penetration rates
Lower fue l consumption and less equipment wear
Much lower cost per metre compared with diamond core bits imported from emerging economies
Simplified matrix choice reduces inventory costs

Operating Parameters
Impregnated bits are designed to work as grinding tools and must work at relatively high rotation speeds, high bit
loads compared to other types of diamond bits. It is essential that impregnated bits are well -cooled by the flush to
prevent premature bit failure (air flush cannot be used with impregnated bits).

Consideration should be given to the capabilities of the drilling equipment in terms of its ability to function within
recommended operating parameters and also to variations in geological conditions. It may be necessary to select a
harder or softer matrix type than what is recommended in the matrix selection chart in order to address drilling
equipment limitations (e.g. low powered rigs).

For further information please refer to our section on Operating Parameters at the end of this guide.

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 ~
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,.. ••\•fl/ DIASET )}
,-=:,
'~'~11·· Explorotlonol Drilling & Sompllng Equipment

Official Distributor for Diaset Products "Built to last , built to cut fast • , _ ,

---
_diA_ ;;=~
uLTRATERRA l) Precision Matrix & Crown Design Chart
~="#
SOFT ROCK HARD ROCK DESCRIPTION
Any Abrasion <ABRASION> Extreme Abrasive Some Nil Nil
Any Fracturing < FRACTURING> Extreme Fractured Minor Solid Solid Core
Hardness <MOHS 3 < HARDNESS > Soft to Medium Medium Medium with hard bands Hard to Very Hard Extremely Hard

Surface Set
or
Polycrystalline Set
For longest bit life, start
VERY FAST
with the lowest number in
CUTIING
each application zone
Long-life and abrasion
resistant crown design.
Good results with
any matrix.

Best core recovery on "Triple-

Tube" designs, abrasion resistant.
Can be used with any matrix

Standard design.
Works with any matrix,
best results with #BX
and higher numbers.

Wireline bits
All popular corebarrel designs and Faster penetrating design in solid,
Sizes: A, B, N, H, P hard rock. Works best with #BX
Conventional bits and higher numbers
All CDA/DCDMA standard items
IEW/IEW-S,IAW/IAW-S, AW34, LTK 46,
JKT 4B, LTK 56, BW44, A,B,N,H
International metric T-series:
H21 , T-36 ,46 ,56 ,66 ,76 ,86 ,101
Please ask about any size or style not listed.
International metric B-series:
B-36, 46,56,66,76,BB,101
 Global Geotech
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Casing Shoes and Rod Shoes

Casing shoes are used for drilling down or positioning the casing tubes in a borehole.

Casing shoes have cutting elements on the face of the crown and outside diameter, while t he inside diameter is
smooth. The inner diameter of t he casing shoe is sufficiently large to permit free passage of drill bits and core barrels
in corresponding sizes.

For installing casing in soil, clay and other soft materials Tungsten Carbide Casing Shoes are the most economical
choice. For installing casing into harder materials Diamond Impregnated Casing Shoes are the best choice.

We use only the best quality materials in all our casing shoes. Our grade of Tungsten Carbide has a very high wear
resistance and high Transverse Rupture Strength (TRS), meaning t hat TC inserts are less prone to chipping and fracture.
In Diamond Impregnated Casing Shoes, we use very good quality synthetic diamonds in a hard, abrasive-resistant
matrix. The depth of the diamond surface is a generous 9mm, giving a long service life.

Casing Shoes are manufactured in all regular Metric and DCDMA Casing sizes.

Diamond impregnated rod shoes are available for all wireline drill rods, when used as casing.

Technical Data
A: Metric Casing Shoes

Casing Nominal Diameter (mm)

Specification
46 56 66 76 86 101 116 131 146
Set O.D. (mm) 46.0 56.0 66.0 76.0 86.0 101.0 116.0 131.0 143.0

Set l.D. (mm) 37.0 47.0 57.0 67.0 77.0 88.0 103.0 118.0 133.0

B: DCDMA Casing Shoes - X and W Series TC Casing Shoes

Casing Designation
Specification
E A B N H p s u z
Set O.D. (mm) 47.6 59.6 75.3 91.8 117.5 143.5 172.5 198.1 223.8

Set l.D. (mm) 38.0 48.2 60.2 76.0 99.7 123.4 146.8 175.4 200.8

C: Wireline Rod Shoes

Wireline Rod Type

Specification
BWL NWL HWL PWL GBS

Set O.D. (mm) 59.6 75.3 91.8 117.5 143.5

Set l.D. (mm) 46.0 60.5 76.3 100.2 125.5

Diamond Impregnated Casing Shoes

Technical Standards:
Manufactured in accordance with the following International Standards:

ISO 3552-1: 1992 Rotary core diamond drilling equipment, System B, Metric units
ISO 3551-2:1992 (BS 4019-4:1993) Rotary core drilling equipment, Specification for System A, Inch units

ISO 10097-2:1999 (R07) Wireline diamond core drilling equipment. System A. Inch units

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Reaming Shells
Reaming shells are usually situated just behind the core bit and serve two very important purposes.

The reaming shell maintains a constant and correct hole diameter, and also stabilizes the core barrel during the drilling
operation, preventing vibration and hole deviation. This stabilization helps in core recove ry and avoids premature
wear on the outer tube of the core barrel.

Th e outside diameter of the reaming shell is fractionally larger than t he outside diameter of t he core bit. It is
important to make occasional checks on the outside diameter of the reaming shell. If the hole becomes undersized
due to excessive wear on both core bit and reaming shell, when the bit is eventually replaced, the new bit will become
quickly damaged by reaming out an undersized hole.

Reaming shells are available in two types. Tungsten carbide (TC) reaming shells are for use in soil, clay and soft rocks.
Diamond reaming shells are used in harder rocks. Diamond reaming shells consist of premium grade natural diamonds
set into spiral panels on the outside diameter of the shell.

We supply reaming shells for all types of core barrel, metric series (B, TT, T2, T6) and DCDMA conventional core
barrels, and all wireline sizes.

T2-101 and T6-101 TC Reaming Shells NWL, T2-101 and T6-101 Diamond Reaming Shells

Technical Data
Please refer to our Dimensional Data page for further details.

Technical Standards:
Manufactured in accordance with the following International Standards:

ISO 3552-1: 1992 Rotary core diamond drilling equipment, System B, Metric units

ISO 3551-2:1992 (BS 4019-4:1993) Rotary core drilling equipment, Specification for System A, Inch units

ISO 10097-2:1999 (R07) Wireline diamond core drilling equipment. System A. Inch units

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Dimensional Data
1. DCDMA Series Core Bits, Reaming Shells and Casing Shoes

E WG 21.5 0.845
WM 21.5 0.845 37.3 1.470 37.7 1.485 38.0 1.496 47.6 1.875
TEW 23.0 0.905
A WG 30.1 1.185
WM 30.1 1.185 47.6 1.875 48.0 1.890 48.2 1.889 59.6 2.345
TAW 33.4 1.315
B WG 42.0 1.655
WM 42.0 1.655 59.6 2.345 59.9 2.360 60.2 2.370 75.3 2.965
TBW 45.0 1.772
N WG 54.7 2.155
WM 54.7 2.155 75.3 2.965 75.7 2.980 76.0 2.992 91.8 3.615
TNW 60.8 2.394
H WG 76.2 3.000
WF 76.2 3.000 98.9 3.889 99.2 3.907 99.7 3.925 117.5 4.625
T6H 79.0 3.110
p WF 92.1 3.627 120.0 4.725 120.6 4.748 123.4 4.858 143.5 4.650
s WF 112.8 4.439 145.4 5.725 146.0 5.748 146.8 5.777 172.5 6.790
u WF 139.8 5.506 173.7 6.840 174.5 6.870 175.4 6.905 198.1 7.800
z WF 165.2 6.505 199.1 7.840 199.9 7.870 200.8 7.905 223.8 8.810

412F Air flush 74.7 2.942 107.2 4.220 112.3 4.421 136.6 5.376

2. Wireline Core Bits, Reaming Shells and Rod Shoes

A WL 27.0 1.062 47.6 1.875 48.0 1.890

B WL 36.4 1.433
59.6 2.345 59.9 2.360 46.0 1.811 59.6 2.346
WL3 33.5 1.320
N WL 47.6 1.875
75.3 2.965 75.7 2.980 60.5 2.382 75.3 2.965
WL3 45.1 1.775
H WL 63.5 2.500
95.8 3.770 96.3 3.790 76.3 3.004 91.8 3.614
WL3 61.1 2.406
p WL 85.0 3.345
122.0 4.805 122.8 4.835 100.2 3.945 117.5 4.626
WL3 83.1 3.270
SK6L/ GBS 102.0 4.016 146.0 5.750 146.3 5.760
WL means "Wire line", dimensionally equivalent to Boa rt Longyear "Q"

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Dimensional Data
3. Metric Series Core Bits, Reaming Shells and Casing Shoes

,...... : !<:r. .. • •• ~- :-""'~

~ o • • t '.L'"<·.l• HUl. ~ 'i1li · It . . .... :1•t1
11 .rntm- ltl :IUIUl .n:u, ltWil In liiliil Oil :wrm llil
46 TT 35.3 1.389
T2 31.7 1.248 46.0 1.811 46.3 1.823 47.0 1.850 56.0 2.205
B 31.7 1.248
56 TT 45.2 1.780
T2 41.7 1.642 56.0 2.205 56.3 2.217 57.0 2.244 66.0 2.598
B 41.7 1.642
66 T2 51.7 2.035
66.0 2.598 66.3 2.610 67.0 2.638 76.0 2.992
B 51.7 2.035
76 T2 61.7 2.429
T6 57.0 2.244
76.0 2.992 76.3 3.004 77.0 3.031 86.0 3.386
T6S 47.7 1.878
B 61.7 2.429
86 T2 71.7 2.823
T6 67.0 2.638
86.0 3.386 86.3 3.398 88.0 3.465 101.0 3.976
T6S 57.7 2.272
B 71.7 2.823
101 T2 83.7 3.295
T6 79.0 3.110
101.0 3.976 101.3 3.988 103.0 4.055 116.0 4.567
T6S 71.7 2.823
B 86.7 3.413
116 T6 93.0 3.661
T6S 85.7 3.374 116.0 4.567 116.3 4.579 118.0 4.646 131.0 5.157
B 101.7 4.004
131 T6 108.0 4.252
T6S 100.7 3.965 131.0 5.157 131.3 5.169 133.0 5.236 146.0 5.748
B 116.7 4.594
146 T6 123.0 4.843
T6S 115.7 4.555 146.0 5.748 146.3 5.760 - - - -
B 131.7 5.185

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Core Bit Operating Parameters

1. Calculation of rotational speed range

Diamonds cut best at certain speeds, and since they are mounted on a circular bit face, it is the peripheral speed, P,
that determines how well a bit will cut. This is the linear speed measured at the outside diameter of t he crown.

The Table below shows the ideal peripheral speed values for different types of bit

Ideal Peripheral Speed Values ("P") in metres/min

Bit Type
~~
Impregnated Diamond 140 240
Surface Set Diamond 54 144
TSP Cube Set 54 108
PCD Set 36 90
Tungsten-Carbide Chip ("Carbotec" Type) 36 108
Tungsten-Carbide Insert ("Sawtoot h"
12 54
Type)

The recommended rotational speed, in revo lutions per minute (RPM) is calculated from the core bit outside diameter,
D, and the required peripheral speed, P, using the formula:

RPM = (lOOOP) / (rcD)

The recommended maximum and minimum rotational speed for various sizes of core bit are shown in the table below
(values are rounded to nearest 5 - 10 RPM)

36mm 2100 1270 1290 490

46mm 1640 990 1010 380 760 250
56mm 1350 810 830 310 620 210 310 80
66mm 1150 690 700 270 530 180 260 60
76mm 1000 600 610 230 460 150 230 50
86mm 880 530 540 200 400 140 200 45
lOlmm 750 450 460 170 350 120 170 40
116mm 650 400 400 150 300 100 150 35
131mm 580 350 350 130 270 90 130 30
146mm 520 310 320 120 240 80 120 25
E 2030 1220 1240 470
A 1590 960 980 370 730 240
B 1270 770 780 290 590 200 290 70
N 1000 600 620 230 460 160 230 55
H 790 480 490 180 370 120 180 45
p 620 380 380 140 290 100 140 35
s 520 310 320 120 240 80 120 25

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2. Weight on Bit

The weight on bit, WOB, is an important parameter in all drilling operations. Too little weight may mean that the bit
fails to penetrate, too much weight and the bit may overheat, become damaged or suffer premature wear.

The method of calculating optimum weight on bit varies depending on th e bit type.

Impregnated Diamond Bits: Optimal WOB depends on the bit face bearing area and the hardness of the matrix.

The minimum recommended WOB is 90 kg/cm 2

For Matrix types 1 - 4, the maximum recommended WOB is 150 kg/cm 2
For Matrix types 5 - 6, the maximum recommended WOB is 140 kg/cm 2
For Matrix types 7 - 12, the maximum recommended WOB is 130 kg/cm 2

The bearing area of the crown, A, can be calculat ed by the generalized formula:

A = rc(D 2 - d2)/4 - NW(D - d)/2

where
0 is the outside diameter of the crown in cm
d is the inside diameter of the crown in cm
N is the number of waterways
W is the width of waterways in cm

Example: HWL Impregnated Bit, M atrix type 6, 10 waterways x 3mm w ide, Bit OD 95.8mm, Bit ID 63.Smm

Bearing Area, A = rc(9.58 2 - 6.35 2)/4 - lOx0.3(9.58 - 6.35)/2 = 35.58 cm 2

Minimum WOB = 90 x 35.58 = 3202 kg

Maximum WOB = 140 x 35.58 = 4981 kg

Surface Set Bits: Optimal WOB depends on the number of diamond stones set on the crown multiplied by a loading
factor per diamond stone. The number of stones on a surface set bit is calculated from the total carat loading
multiplied by stones per carat (SPC)

For AAA quality diamonds the maximum loading factor is 4 kg per stone

Example: HWG Surface Set Bit with 25 carats AAA diamond set at 30 SPC has a maximum WOB = 25 x 30 x 4 = 3000 kg.

TSP Cube Set Bits: Optimal WOB depends on the number of TSP cubes set on the crown multiplied by a loading factor
per cube.

The maximum loading factor is 45 - 55 kg per cube

Example: HWG TSP Cube Bit set with 50 cubes has a maximum WOB = 2250 - 2750 kg

PCD Bits: Optimal WOB depends on th e number of PCD cutters set on the crown multiplied by a loading factor per
cutter.

The maximum loading factor is 225 - 275 kg per cutter

Example: A T6-116 PCD Core Bit set with 8 PCD cutters has a maximum WOB = 1800 - 2200 kg.

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Tungst en Carbide Chip (" Carbot ec'') Bits: Optimal WOB is a function of the bit face bearing area multiplied by a bit
loading facto r.

The maximum loading factor is 35 kg/cm 2 of bit face bearing area

Bit face bearing area, A, is given as before by t he formula:

A= n:(D 2 - d2)/4 - NW(D - d)/2

Example: HWL Carbotec bit with 10 x 3mm wide waterways has a bit face bearing area of 35.58 cm 2 • Therefo re
maximum WOB is 35 x 35.58 = 1245 kg

Tungsten Carbide Insert Bits: On a typical TC insert bit, each of the tungsten carbide cutters possesses a single cutting
edge. The maximum bit load is determined by finding the sum of the linear lengths of cutting edges on all of the
cutters on the bit face and multiplying this by a loading factor.

The maximum loading factor is 45 kg/cm of cutting edge.

Example: HWG TC Insert Bit has 8 cutters each of length 8mm (0.8cm). Therefore Maximum WOB =8 x 0.8 x 45 =288
kg

Summary t able of formul ae for calculating weight on bit

Bit Type

Impregnated Series 1-4

Impregnated Series 5-6
Impregnated Series >7
-- 2
Weight on Bit Formula

90[n:(D 2-d 2)/4 - NW(D-d)/2]

2
90[n:(D -d )/4 - NW(D-d)/2]
90[n:(D2-d 2)/4 - NW(D-d)/2]
150[n:(D 2-d 2)/4 - NW(D-d)/2]
140[n:(D2-d 2)/4 - NW(D-d)/2)
130[n:(D2-d 2)/4 - NW(D-d)/2]
Surface Set 4 x carat loading x SPC
TSP Cube Set 55 x no. of cubes
PCD 275 x no. of PCD cutters
T.C. Chip 35[n:(D 2- d2)/4 - NW(D-d)/2]
T.C. Insert 45 x no. of inserts x (D-d)/2

D is outside diameter of crown in cm, d is inside diameter of crown in cm, N is number of waterways, W is width of
waterways in cm, SPC is stones per carat.

3. Flush Volumes

Flushing serves two main purposes: 1) to cool the bit, and 2) to remove cuttings from the hole.

If flushing requirements are not adequately met, there can be serious damage to the bit due to overheating, and if
cuttings are not removed from the borehole efficiently, t he core barrel and rods may become stuck due to the build up
of waste material.

To ensure that drill cuttings are removed from the borehole, and up-hole flush velocity must be achieved that exceeds
the particle settling velocity.

1. Water Flush

When flushing with water, the up-hole velocity, Vw, should be:

Minimum 30 cm/s - Optimum 40 emfs - Maximum 80 cm/s

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The pump rate Pw in litres/min is given by the formula:

where H is the borehole diameter and S is the rod string diameter measured in centimetres.

The pump rates for common combinations of core barrel and drill rod are given in the table below. Notice that when
the drill rod is small in diameter compared to the core barrel, the annulus around th e drill string is large, requiring a
greater pump rate in order to maintain th e required up-hole velocity to remove th e cuttings. Therefore, for good hole-
cleaning and hydraulics, it is recommended using a drill rod that is of a similar diameter to the core barrel. In any case,
the drill rod should never be smaller in diameter than the size suggested by the connection in the core barrel head.

The table is for guidance purposes only. Circumstances may require some adjustment of pump rates. For instance, in
soft formations where the core can be easily washed away by the fl ushing medium, a pump rate should be chosen
towards the lower end of t he recommended range. Conversely, when cuttings are very large (e.g. if using a PCD core
bit), flow rates may need to be increased toward the maximum of the recommendat ions.

It is essential that the pumping arrangement has a flow meter so that the driller has continuous visual access to the
flow rate.

As an alternative to runn ing wit h higher pump rates, the drill operator may increase the viscosity of t he drilling fl uid by
the use of additives. Then the cuttings can be removed from the borehole at much reduced velocity, requiring a lower
volume of water.

Recomm ended Pump Rates using water as the flushing m edium for various Core Barrel I Drill Rod combinat ions

Hole Rod Pump Rate (litres/min)

111111
Diameter Diameter
Core Barrel Drill Rod
(cm) (cm)
H s
BWL BWL 5.99 5.56 7.1 9.4 18.9
NWL NWL 7.57 6.99 11.9 15.9 31.8
HWL HWL 9.63 8.89 19.3 25.8 51.5
PWL PHD/HWT 12.28 11.43 28.4 37.9 75.8
GBS GBS 14.60 13.97 25.4 33.8 67.7
BWG BW/BWY 5.99 5.40 9.5 12.6 25.3
BW/BWY 5.40 39.7 52.9 105.8
NWG 7.57
NW/NWY 6.67 18.1 24.1 48.2
BW/BWY 5.40 97.6 130.2 260.4
HWG/HWF NW/NWY 9.92 6.67 76 101.4 202.7
HW/HWY 8.89 27.3 36.4 72.8
NW/NWY 6.67 142.3 189.8 379.6
PW F 12.06
HW/HWY 8.89 93.6 124.9 249.7
NW/NWY 6.67 237.8 317.1 634.2
SWF 14.60
HW/HWY 8.89 189.1 252.2 504.3
TI46 42mm 4.63 4.20 5.4 7.1 14.3
TI56/T2-56 50mm 5.63 5.00 9.4 12.6 25.2
T2-66 50mm 6.63 5.00 26.7 35.6 71.3
T2-76/T6-76 50mm 7.63 5.00 46.8 62.4 124.9
T2-86/T6-86 50mm 8.63 5.00 69.8 93 186
T2-101 NW/NWY 6.67 82 109.3 218.6
10.13
T6-101 HD76 7.60 63.2 84.3 168.7
NW 6.67 128 170.6 341.3
T6-116 HD76 11.63 7.60 109.3 145.7 291.4
HW/HWY/HD89 8.89 79.3 105.7 211.4

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Hole Rod Pump Rate (litres/min)

Diameter Diameter
Core Barrel Drill Rod
(cm) (cm) Min Opt Max
H s
NW 6.67 180.4 240.5 480.9
T6-131 HD76 13.13 7.60 161.6 215.5 431
HW/HWY/HD89 8.89 131.6 175.5 351.1
NW 6.67 239.l 318.8 637.5
T6-146 HD76 14.63 7.60 220.4 293.8 587.6
HW/HWY/HD89 8.89 190.4 253.8 507.6
To convert from Litres/min to Imperial Gallons/min divide by 4.546
To convert from Litres/min to U.S. Gallons/min divide by 3.785

2. Air Flush

When air is used as the flushing medium, t he desired up-hole velocity, v., is 20 m/s
The pump rate P. in cubic metres per min is given by the formu la:

For v. = 20 this reduces to:

Recommended Pump Rates using air as the flu shing medium for various Core Barrel / Drill Rod combinations

Hole Diameter Rod Diameter Air Flow Rate

Core Barrel Drill Rod (cm) (cm) (cubic
H s metres/min)
NW/NWY 6.67 6.6
412F 10.72
HD76 7.60 5.4
NW/NWY 6.67 6.0
T6-101* 10.43
HD76 7.60 4.8
NW/NWY 6.67 9.4
T6-116* HD76 12.03 7.60 8.2
HW/HWY/HD89 8.89 6.2
NW/NWY 6.67 12.8
T6-131* HD76 13.43 7.60 11.5
HW/HWY/HD89 8.89 9.5
NW/NWY 6.67 16.8
T6-146* HD76 14.93 7.60 15.S
HW/HWY/HD89 8.89 13.S
* When using air flush with T6 series core barrels it is recommended that the outside diameter of the core bit and core ba rrel coupling be over-set
by 3mm. To convert from cu bic metres/min to cubic feet/min multiply by 35.3

Air can be used effectively in some rocks to improve core recovery. However, not all drilling equipment is designed for
use with air flush and the driller should ensure that all bits, core barrels, rods, swivels and hoses are suitable.

The table above is given for guidance purposes only. In practice it is wise to have a compressor with rather more
capacity than required, but if too much air is used it can cause disturbance of fractured rocks and erode the core bits
and core barrels.

If the compressor is not capable of producing the desired flow rate, the annular area should be reduced by using drill
rods of a larger diameter, or by using a foaming additive. The use of foam can substantially reduce the flow of air
needed because it is more efficient in lifting the cuttings and it is usually possible to use a much smaller compressor.

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3. ROTARY DRILL CASING
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Metric Casing Tubes

Metric Casing Tubes are available in diameter range 46mm - 146mm. They are
manufactured from thin wall cold drawn steel tubes of a very high mechanical
specification. The tubes are flush-jointed with a male thread at one end and a
female thread at the other (thread pitch 4 t.p.i).

Standard lengths are 3.0m, l.5m, and 0.75m. Other lengths are available on
request.

The casing tubes are designed to be used in conjunction w ith TI, T2 and T6 series
metric core barrels. For example, T2-86 or T6-86 core barrels will fit inside 101
metric casing, T6-101 core barrel will fit inside 116 metric casing, etc.

The clearance between the core barrel and the inside of the casing tube is quite
small, reducing the volume of water that is required for flushing, and creating a
high up-hole fluid velocity which facilitates efficient removal of rock cuttings from
the borehole.

Advantages:

Lighter and stronger than DCDMA casing tubes (Wand X series)

Designed specifically for use with metric core barrels
Close fit between core barrel and casing tube results in efficient flushing

Technical Data
Nominal Diameter (mm)
Specification
46 56 66 76 86 101 116 131 146
O.D. of Casing Tube (mm) 44.0 54.0 64.0 74.0 84.0 98.0 113.0 128.0 143.0
l.D. of Casing Tube (mm) 37.0 47.0 57.0 67.0 77.0 89.0 104.0 119.0 134.0
O.D. of Casing Shoe (mm) 46.0 56.0 66.0 76.0 86.0 101.0 116.0 131.0 143.0
l.D. of Casing Shoe (mm) 37.0 47.0 57.0 67.0 77.0 88.0 103.0 118.0 133.0

M echanical Specification:
Cold Drawn Steel Tube Grade N80 or above.

Minimum Yield Strength 550 MPa, Minimum Tensile Strength 690 MPa, Elongation 18% min.

Technical Sta ndards:

Manufactured in accordance with International Standard ISO 3552-1: 1992 Rotary core diamond drilling equipment.
System B. Metric units

Accessories
Casing Drive Heads and Casing Clamps are available for each diameter.

Casing Shoes are supplied with Tungsten Cardbide (T.c.) crowns or Diamond Impregnated crowns.

Please refer to our Casing Shoes page for further details.

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DCDMA Casing Tubes

Available in inch diameters and designed to work with DCDMA
(American-style) core barrels such as WG and WF Series. These
casings are relative ly heavy compared with Metric Series, and the
nesting

X Series Casing

Flush-coupled casing: each casing tube has a box thread at both

ends and lengths are connected together by a pin-to-pin coupling.
This allows couplings to be replaced when pin threads become worn
or damaged. It also means that the casing tube can have a thinner
wall than the coupling, allowing t he overall weight of casing string tc
be minimized. This can be important when drilling to greater depths.
W Series flush-jointed casing
W Series Casing

Flush-jointed casing: each casing tube has a male thread at one end and female thread at the other end. The heavy
wall section provides internal and external mating shoulders for t he threaded portion to butt-up against, providing
twice the contact area of coupled casing and helping to prevent the threads climbing under heavy torque loads. This is
by far the most popular type of casing used in geotechnical applications.

Technical Data
Tube 0.0 Inches Tube 1.0. Inches Coupling 1.0. Inches Threads per
casing Ty pe
(mm) (mm) (mm) inch
X Series:
NX 3.500" (88.9) variable 3.000" (76.2) 8
HX 4.500" (114.3) variable 4.870" (123.7) 5
PX 5.500" (139.7) variable 4.870" (123.7) 5
sx 6.625" (168.3) variable 5.875" (149.2) 5
W Series:
BW 2.875" (73.0) 2.375" (60.3) No coupling 4
NW 3.500" (88.9) 3.000" (76.2) No coupling 4
HW 4.500" (114.3) 4.000" (101.6) No coupling 4
PW 5.500" (139.7) 5.000" (127.0) No coupling 3
SW 6.625" (168.3) 5.937" (150.8) No coupling 3
uw 7.625" (193.7) 7.000" (117.8) No coupling 3
zw 8.625" (219.1) 8.000" (203.2) No coupling 3
Casing is available in 0.75, 1.5 and 3.0 metre lengths, and other lengths available on request.

Technical Standards:
Manufactured in accordance with International St andard ISO 3551-2 : 1992, Rotary core diamond drilling equipment -
System A - Part 2: Inch units.

Accessories
Casing Drive Heads and Casing Clamps are available for each diameter.

Casing Shoes are supplied w ith Tungsten Cardbide (T.c.) crowns or Diamond Impregnated crowns.

Please refer to our Casing Shoes page for further details.

Email : [email protected] Tel: +44 (0)1422 378205

4. DRILL RODS
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Parallel and Taper Threaded Rods

Parallel Threaded Rods

Available in Metric diameters 42mm and 50mm, and in DCDMA diameters AW - HW.
Each rod consists of a steel tube with female threads at both ends, and a replaceable
pin-to-pin coupler. The rod tube is manufactured from high quality seamless carbon
steel of high strength and uniformity. The male-threaded couplings are manufactured
from heat-treated alloy steel for maximum toughness and wear resistance. The rods
are suitable for rotary drilling applications.

Taper Threa ded Rods

These drill rods have replaceable male and female tool joints screwed into the rod
tube. The tool joints are manufactured from heat-t reat ed alloy steel for maximum
toughness and wear resistance. The rod tube is manufactured from high quality
seamless carbon steel of high strength and uniformity. The rods are suitable for rotary
drilling applications.

Technical Data
Parallel Thread

Rod Type Rod O.D. (mm) Rod l.D. (mm) Coupling l.D. (m m) Threads per inch
42mm 42.0 32.2 22.0 4
50mm 50.0 37.0 22.0 3
EW 34.9 22.2 11.1 3
AW 44.4 31.7 15.9 3
BW 54.0 38.0 17.S 3
NW 66.7 50.8 35.0 3
HW 88.9 72.0 60.3 3

Tapered Thread
Rod Type Rod O.D. (mm) Rod l.D. (mm) Toot Joint l.D. (mm) Thread Type
BWY 54.0 38.0 19.0 BWY (5 tpi)
NWY 66.8 54.0 31.7 NWY (4tpi)
HWY 88.9 73.0 44.4 2 7/ s API l.F. (4tpi)
HY 88.9 73.0 31.7 2 7/ 8 API Reg (5 tpi)
NWY 66.8 54.0 31.7 NWY (4tpi)

Technical Standards:
Manufactured in accordance with International Standards ISO 3551-2 : 1992, Rotary core diamond drilling equipment -
System A - Part 2: Inch units, and ISO 3552-1: 1992 Rotary core diamond drilling equipment, System B: Metric units.

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Wireline Drill Rods

Our wireline drill rods are manufactured from the highest quality raw materials, i.e.
cold drawn carbon seamless steel tubes of grade SAE 1S41 I SAE 4130 I SAE S130.
These tubes have extremely high mechanical properties, and straightness better than
1:2SOO (geotechnical grade) or l:SOOO (mining grade).
CASE
All rods are supplied with heat treated rod ends, hardened to 30 - 3S Rockwell HARDENED
(SOTO 55
throught the wall thickness to a length of 200mm. Re) ABOVE
THETHRU
As an option for very demanding applications, the threads may also be induction case HARDENED

hardened to SO - SS Rockwell to a depth of lmm (box thread) or O.Smm (pin thread). ROD ENDS
HARDENED (30
TO 35 Re)
Standard rod lengths are 1.Sm or 3.0m, but other lengths can be supplied on request.
THROUGHOUT
THE WALL
Technical Data THICKNESS
UPTOA
LENGTH OF
Drill Rod Type
200MM
Specification
AW/ L BW/ L NW/ L HW/ L PHO
Outside Diameter (mm) 44.S SS.6 69.9 88.9 114.3
Inside Diameter (mm) 34.9 46 60.3 77.8 101.6
Thread T.P.I. 4 3 3 3 2.S

Weight (kg/m) 4.7 6.2 7.8 11.7 17.7

CASE
HARDENED
CREST OF
Mechanical Characteristics PIN
THREADS
2
Minimum Tensile Strength 820 N/mm (SOTO SS
Minimum Yield Strength 680 N/mm 2 Re) UPTO
Minimum Elongation 1S% MAX.
DEPTH OF
Hardness 2S0-280 BNH
O.SMM
Dimensional Tolerances on Diameter± 0.2Smm
Straightness 1:2500 or 1:5000 (on req uest)

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Heavy Duty Friction Welded Drill Rods

Designed for rotary and DTH drilling these rods are extremely strong
and hard-wearing with tool joints friction welded to the rod tube, and
all threads nitrided for superior wear resistance.

Available in diameters up to 5 1/ 2" (139.7mm) and effective lengths up

to 6 metres, with various thread types including API, Beco, NWY, and
Mayhew.

Normally supplied with square spanner flats at each tool joint and
plastic thread protectors.

Technical Data
Wall
RodO.D.
Rod Type Bore (mm) Thread thickness Application
(mm)
(mm)
HD76 76.2 25.4 2.3/8 API Reg 4 DTH
HD76 76.2 25.4 2.3/8 API Reg 6.35 DTH /Rotary
HD76 76.2 25.4 2.3/8 API Reg 8 Rotary
HD76 76.2 25.4 2.3/8 API Reg 9.5 Rotary
HD89 88.9 25.4 (or 44.5) 2.3/8 API Reg (or 1.F.) 4.5 DTH
HD89 88.9 25.4 (or 44.5) 2.3/8 API Reg (or l.F.) 6.35 DTH I Rotary
HD89 88.9 25.4 (or 44.5) 2.3/8 API Reg (or 1.F.) 8 Rotary
HD89 88.9 25.4 (or 44.5) 2.3/8 API Reg (or 1.F.) 9.5 Rotary
HD101 101.6 25.4 2.3/8 API Reg 6.35 DTH /Rotary
HD101 101.6 44.5 2.3/8 API l. F. 8 Rotary
HD101 101.6 44.5 2.3/8 API l.F. 9.5 Rotary
HD114 114.3 38.1 3.1/2 API Reg 4.5 or 6.35 DTH
HD114 114.3 38.1 3.1/2 API Reg 8 DTH /Rotary
HD114 114.3 38.1 3.1/2 API Reg 9.5 Rotary
HD114 114.3 44.5 2.7/8 API l.F. 6.35 DTH
HD114 114.3 44.5 2.7/8 API l.F. 9.5 Rotary
HD127 127.0 68.3 3.1/2 API 1.F. 6.35 DTH
HD127 127.0 68.3 3.1/2 API l.F. 8 DTH I Rot ary
HD127 127.0 68.3 3.1/2 API l.F. 9.5 Rotary
HD140 139.7 57.2 4.1/2 API Reg 8 DTH I Rotary
HD140 139.7 57.2 4.1/2 API Reg 9.5 Rotary
HD140 139.7 57.2 4.1/2 API Reg 12.5 Rotary

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5. ROTARY DRILL BITS
 Global Geotech
Exploratlonal Drilling & Sampling Equipment

Tricone Roller Bits

Global Geotech supplies good quality tricone bits in diameters ranging between
27/s" (73 mm) to 12 1/ 4" (311 mm).

Tricones are available as Milled Steel Tooth (MT) bits or Tungsten Carbide Insert
(TCI) bits with open or sealed bearings.

When ordering tricone bits it is important to specify the formation type to be

drilled and the type of flushing medium to be used: water, mud or air.

This is because the cutting structure of tricone bits is specifically designed to suit
the formation hardness and abrasivity.

The IADC Code describes a tricone bit, it tells you what type the bit is, steel tooth
or TCI, what formations the bit is designed for, and the bearing type. The IADC
classification takes the form of a 3 digit code, sometimes followed by a letter e.g.
IADC 231

First Digit:

1, 2, and 3 designate STEEL TOOTH BITS with 1 for soft, 2 for medium and 3 for hard formations. The numbers 4, 5, 6, 7
and 8 designate TUNGSTEN CARBIDE INSERT BITS for varying formation hardness with 4 being the softest and 8 the
hardest.

Second Digit:

1, 2, 3 and 4 are further breakdown of formation hardness with 1 being the softest and 4 the hardest.

Third Digit:

This digit will classify the bit according to bearing/seal type and special guage wear protection as follows:

1. Standard open bearing roller bit

2. Standard open bearing roller bit, air-cooled
3. Standard open bearing roller bit with gauge protection (carbide inserts in the heel of the cone)
4. Sealed rol ler bearing bit
5. Sealed rol ler bearing bit with gauge protection
6. Journal sealed bearing bit
7. Journal sealed bearing bit with gauge protection

Fourth Digit:

The fol lowing letter codes are used in the fourth digit posit ion to
indicate additional features:

A. Air Application
R. Reinforced Welds
C. Center Jet
S. Standard Steel Tooth
D. Deviation Control
X. Chisel Insert
E. Extended Jet
Y. Conical Insert
G. Extra Gage Protection
Z. Other Insert Shape
J. Jet Deflection

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.,
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'il~~Uf/' Exploratlonal Drilling & Sampling Equipment

Tricone Bits - Availa ble Diam ete rs

Bit Diameter Thread Approx weight

Inches mm Lbs kg
2.7/8 73 N Rod-4tpi 3 1.4
2.15/16 75 N Rod-4tpi 3 1.4
3 76 N Rod - 4tpi 3 1.4
3.1/8 79 N Rod - 4 tpi 4 1.8
3.1/4 83 N Rod - 4 tpi 4 1.8
3.1/2 89 N Rod - 4 tpi 4 1.8

3.5/8 92 2.3/8 API Reg 5 2.3

3.3/4 95 2.3/8 API Reg 5 2.3

3.7/8 98 2.3/8 API Reg 6 2.7

4 102 2.3/8 API Reg 7 3.2

4.1/8 105 2.3/8 API Reg 8 3.6

4.1/4 108 2.3/8 API Reg 9 4.1

4.1/2 114 2.3/8 API Reg 10 4.5

4.5/8 118 2.7/8 API Reg 11 5.0

4.3/4 121 2. 7/8 API Reg 13 5.9

4.7/8 124 2.7/8 API Reg 14 6.4

5 127 2.7/8 API Reg 15 6.8

5.1/8 130 2.7/8 API Reg 16 7.3

5.1/4 133 2.7/8 API Reg 17 7.7

5.1/2 140 2.7/8 API Reg 20 9.0

5.5/8 143 3 Y, AP I Reg 22 10.0

5.7/8 149 3 Yz API Reg 23 10.5

6 152 3 Y, AP I Reg 23 10.5

6.1/8 156 3 Y, AP I Reg 24 10.9

6.1/4 159 3 Y, AP I Reg 26 11.8

6.3/4 172 3 Yz AP I Reg 32 14.5

7.3/8 187 3 Yz API Reg 66 29.9

7.7/8 200 4 Yz AP I Reg 75 34.0

9 229 4 Yz AP I Reg 95 43.0

9.7/8 251 6.5/8 API Reg 143 65.0

10.5/8 270 6.5/8 API Reg 162 74.0

12.1/4 311 6.5/8 API Reg 215 98.0

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 Global Geotech
Exploratlonal Drilling & Sampling Equipment

Drag Bits
Drag Bits are designed for drilling quickly in soft materials such as sand, clay, shale, limestone and gravel.

The blades or "wings" on drag bits are manufactured from 4140 grade heat-treated steel forgings. Premium quality
tungsten carbide inserts are individually hand-soldered to the blades using nickel silver rod.
Drag bits can be supplied in two types: Step-type and Chevron-type.

Chevron-type drag bits are recommended for drilling in slightly harder and more consolidated materials than step-type
drag bits, such as harder shales, hard limestones, and unconsolidated gravel.

Drag bits may be supplied with either 3 or 4 wings. Bits with 3 wings tend to drill faster, whereas 4-wing bits are longer
lasting, more durable, and drill a straighter hole.
Drag bits are available in diameters between 2" (50mm) and 17 W'(444.5mm).

Step-type Drag Bits available up to

Chevron and Step-type Drag Bits 17.1/2" Diameter

Drag Bit Diamet ers and Standard Connection Type

Bit Diamet er Range Standard Connection Ty pe*

} inches I mm I ,
~ - 2.5/8 ~C so-61 ~C- AW Rod
2.3/4- 3.1/2 [ 70 - 89 N Rod-4tpi
'
3.5/8 - 5.5/8 l 92 -143 2.3/8 API Reg
----::
1 6-8 1 152-203 J[ 3.1/2 API Reg
---::
8.1/2-9.7/8 " 1216- 251 [ 4.1/2 API Reg
'
10.S/8 -17.1f2l _ 210 - 444
r 6.5/8 API Reg
* other connection types available on request

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 Global Geotech
Exploratlonal Drilling & Sampling Equipment

PDC Drill Bits

These bits are designed for long life and rapid penetration in soft to medium rock
formations.

They are composed of Polycrystalline Diamond Cutters (PDC) brazed onto a steel body, or
tungsten carbide matrix body. This technology, derived from oilfield drilling bits, offers a
much superior cutting performance compared with Tricone bits. Each PDC cutter is made
from a thin disc of polycrystalline diamond fused onto a cylindrical tungsten carbide
substrate. The cutters are available in several different shapes and diameters to suit
PDCCutters
different applications.

PDC cutters are extremely tough, and shear rock, rather than crushing it,
resulting in a very rapid rate penetration. High flush volumes (either air, mud
or water) are required to remove the large volume of rock cuttings produced
by these bits. Due to the shearing action of the cutters, a much lower weight
on bit is required in comparison with drilling using Tricones. Rotation is
vibration free and the hole is drilled straighter, with less wear on the rig and
drill rods. As there are no bearings or other moving parts on the bit, there is
nothing to cease up.

The design of the bit is adapted to the hardness of the formation to be drilled.
When drilling soft limestones, marls etc., bits with a "winged profile" can be
very effective. The PDC cutters are sintered onto the steel wings of the bit.
The bit acts much like a conventional Drag Bit, but is much tougher and
harder-wearing. Five-winged steel bodied PDC bit designed
for fost drilling in soft rocks
For drilling in harder formations, a "flat profile" is more suitable. In this case,
the PDC cutters are sintered onto the surface of the crown, which is composed entirely of an extremely wear-resistant
tungsten-carbide matrix. The outside gauge diameter of the bit is re-inforced with additional diamond and tungsten
carbide strips.

When using PDC bits, the sudden application of high

torque must at all times be avoided. Rotation should begin
a few centimetres from the bottom of the hole, and the
bit should be lowered slowly and gently onto the
formation while maintaining ful l flush volume. If
penetration slows down, this is usually due to insufficient
flush reaching the bit. Under these circumstances, the bit
should be backed off for a short time to allow the flush to
dean the bottom of the hole before drilling re-
commences.

PDC bits have numerous applications in mining, civil

engineering and the oil and gas industries. The size range
spans between 2" diameter bits used in mines for drilling
holes for roof-bolts, through medium diameter bits used
for horizontal directional drilling, to large diameter bits up
to 17 Yz" used in oilfield production. On the left o steel bodied PDC bit designed for soft formations,
on the right an equivalent matrix bodied bit with flatter profile,
Because bit design is dependent on the particular designed for drilling in harder more abrasive rocks.
application, we recommend that potential customers
contact us for special technical advice when selecting PDC bits.

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Advantages of using PDC Drill Bits:

Can be very cost-effective for open hole drilling in soft to medium hard rock formations
Bit penetration rates up to 2 -3 times that of Tricones, and up to 10 times longer life
No moving parts to cease up.
Low weight on bit means vibration-free drilling and reduced wear on the rig and other drill string
components.

Spiral-bladed matrix-bodied PDC bit designed for

oil drilling

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6. UNDISTURBED SOIL SAMPLERS
 Global Geotech
Explorational Drilling & Sampling Equipment

Piston Sampler
This unique, air or hydraulic piston sampler was designed and test proven in the drilling field
for many years. The design allows the sampler to be classed as a truly undisturbed piston
sampler producing high production sampling.

How it Works
The Piston Samper is assembled on a drill rod and lowered to the bottom of a cleaned bore
hole. The drill rod may be chucked by means of a chucking rod. A water swivel is attached
with a hose line coupled to the swivel and the pressure pump.

As the water or air pressure is applied to the drill rods at approximately 100 to 600 PSI, the
piston in the head of the assembly forces the thin wall sample tube in the soft underlying
soil or clay materials to take the sample.

Once the sampler reaches the end of its maximum travel, the water or air used for pressing
exhausts though a relief hole and returns immediately to the surface. This is a signal to the
operator that the sample has been taken to its maximum depth.

Depending upon the materials being sampled, the sampling may take only a few seconds or
as much as one minute to reach its maximum travel.

A compressed air bottle or tank may be used in lieu of a fluid pump for pressing the sample,
however, one must be careful to limit tank pressure to prevent "over pressure" which may
collapse the sample tube.

After the sample has been taken, the rods and sampler are pulled to the surface and the
sampler is layed out on the work table for removing of the sample tube containing the
sample.

The outer tube of the sampler containing the sample is rotated in a counter clockwise
direction three turns which releases the "vacuum lock" created over the sample in the
sample tube and allows for easy removal of the sample tube from assembly. A new sample
tube is then installed on the sampler head for additional tests and the procedure repeated.

In Operat ion
1. The hole is drilled by rotary means and prepared by using either casing or drilling
mud to support the overburden.
2. The drill rods extending the sampler to the bottom of the hole may be clamped to
the casing to prevent upward movement from down thrust of fluid or air pressure
used ...or rods may be connected to the chucking rod in rotary drill head.
3. A water swivel or adaptor is used to direct fluid or air into the drill string to operate
the sampler.
4. A positive displacement pump or compressed air is used to exert pressure on the
stationary piston of the sampler. Pressure range normally required is 100 to 600 PSI
for at least one minute.

Features of the Pist on sampler

Bore hole size need not be larger than sampler size in use.
Available in 4 popular sizes - 2 1/ 2 to 5"
Fluid or air under pressure is required to operate sampler
Simple to operate - there is no need for hoses from the surface, actuating rods or complicated procedures
Uses standard ASTM thin wall steel sampler tubes with standard holes and cap screws
Sampler adapts directly to standard AW or NW drill rods

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 Global Geotech
Explorational Drilling & Sampling Equipment

Used in holes cased with mud, steel casing or self supporting auger holes
Piston closes off sampler until sample is taken
Maximum length of sample recovered is 24" (609.6 mm)
Maximum pressure required - 100 to 600 PSI
• Stainless steel actuating cylinder
Drill rig is not necessary for sampling; however, hoist is required to lift tools and sampler from the drill hole
Inexpensive when compared to other comparable types of samplers

Technical Data
Thread Sampler Sample tube
Sampler Sample Operating Weight of
connection Stroke length
Size diameter pressure assembly

2 1/2" 2.347"
AW rod 19kg
(63.5mm) (59.6mm)

3" 2.841"
NW rod 21kg
(76.2mm) (72.2mm)
24" 30"
3 1/2" (609mm) (76.2mm)
3.336" 100 - 600 psi
NW rod 23kg
(88.9mm) (84.7mm)
4.75"
5"
NW rod (120.7mm) 61kg
(127.0mm)

Key to Main Parts of Piston Sampler

Complete assembly consists of:

1. Sample Tube

2. Adaptor with drill rod connection

3. Cylinder

4. Piston Rod

5. Inner Tube

6. Release Latch

7. Retainer

8. Piston

9. Adaptor (Inner tube to sample tube)

10. Tube Carrier

11. Nut

12.Spacer

13. Packing cup

14. Leather washer

15. Roll pin

16. 0 Ring

17. Capscrews

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 Global Geotech
Explorational Drilling & Sampling Equipment

Pitcher Sampler

Recovers accurate samples from soft rock, friable shales and problem clays.
The Pitcher Sampler is designed specifically to recover accurate samples from formations that are too hard
for thin-wall sample samplers or too brittle, soft or water-sensitive to permit satisfactory recovery by
conventional core barrel type samplers. Many years of successful application in virtually every type of
"problem" formation prove that PITCHER SAMPLER saves time, saves money...ensures exceptional
accuracy. If you're now using a core barrel type sampling tool, compare it with these exclusive features
offered by the PITCHER SAMPLER ...

Heavy-duty, triple ball-bearing hanger is sealed 4-ways against drilling fluid to prevent freeze-ups
and ensure long, trouble free service.
No more crumpled sample tube; no presetting, no surface control needed. Spring-seated tube
telescopes into cutter barrel as formation hardness increased.
Sliding valve directs drilling fluid through sample tube to hole bottom for thorough flushing
action, then automatically diverts fluid from tube when tube contacts bottom.
Hole remains full gauge... no reaming needed.
Drilling flu id can't undercut sample tube and erode or contaminate sample even in softest
materials.
Samples dry or saturated material with equal speed, ease and accuracy. No core lifter is needed to
protect or retain sample.
Sample all materials- including soft rock -from top to bottom of hole.
Sample tubes can be changed in less than 45 seconds.
Drill can be stopped, rod re-chucked (even raised slightly) without breaking core.

"A tool that re lieves you from t he limitations of core barre l type samplers".

How it works
Sampler enters hole (Fig. 1). Sliding valve directs drilling fluid through sample tube to hole bottom for thorough pre-
flushing action.

The instant sample tube touches bottom (Fig. 2), it telescopes into cutter barrel to close sliding valve which
automatically diverts fluid to annular space between sample tube and cutter barrel.

For remainder of soft formation sampling operation, drilling fluid can't touch sample, yet high fluid velocity is
maintained at cutting bit to clean hole and ensure rapid cutter penetration. In softer materials (Fig. 2), sample tube
leads cutting bit by as much as 6" to eliminate chance contact between drill fluid and sample.

Amount of lead is regulated entirely by material hardness. If formation increases in hardness, sample tube telescopes
into outer barrel and compresses spring which, in turn, exerts greater force on tube to ensure adequate lead. In harder
formations (Fig. 3), cutter may lead sample tube by as much as 1/2" to core out sample.

A loaded sample tube can be removed (Fig. 4), an empty tube attached, and sampler started down-hole again ... all
within 45 seconds. There's no fumb ling, no danger of losing tube screw. Hex-headed screw turns "in" to release tube;
turns "out" to lock tube securely in place.

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 Global Geotech
Explorational Drilling & Sampling Equipment

DOWN THE HOLE SAMPLING IN DIFFERENT FORMATIONS RECOVERY

"Soft Formations" "Hard Formations"

:)'\ I =)\ I rr

0<P1~

Sp.....
Valve Seal SQtk PrOtl!<U
~tuoCIVeN<!d
Tube fr°"'
toe..... £xceu•Ye
Cutter Barrel Slod•na V•lw: P,essure Full-Gage
Clo$oCd
Bo<eNel!Cls
N0Re~m1n1
TubeSctew

Shelby Tu~
Fully £xiencled

l
1 ONll Fluid
- Flushes
Cutttnas

Fig. 3
Fig. 1 Fig. 4
Fig. 2

Technical Data for Pitcher Sampler

Thread Sample t ube
Sampler Size connection length Sample diamet er Area Rat io

3" (76.2 mm) NWJ rod 36" (914mm) 2.841" (72.2mm) 11.4%

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 Global Geotech
Explorational Drilling & Sampling Equipment

UlOO Sampling Systems

Open tube driven -in soil samplers, for sampling clay and other cohesive soils.
Sample tubes are 18" (457mm) long and are driven into the ground using a
sliding hammer with attached drive head. The drive head incorporates an
overdrive space and a ball valve to allow air to be released from t he upper
part of the sample tube as it is driven into the ground.
3a
A cutting shoe is screwed onto the lower end of the sample tube, and a
corecatcher (optional) fits between the sample tube and the shoe. The
corecatcher has four hinged flaps around its circumference. These flaps
prevent the sample escaping from the tube when the apparatus is raised from
the borehole.

We presently supply 3 different systems, all producing nominal lOOmm (4")

diameter samples:

UlOO Standard System

Comprises a steel or aluminium sample tube, cutting shoe and core catcher.
Shoes may have either a plain edge or a serrat ed edge.

UlOO Plastic Liner System

The sample tube is replaced with a "Body Tube" that contains arigid plastic
liner. The liner containing the soil sample can be quickly removed from the body tube and replaced with an empty liner
after each sampling event. Shoes and core catchers are made from a thicker wall material than those of the standard
system. A spacing ring is required to fit inside the recess of the cutting shoe when the corecatcher is being used.

UTlOO Thin-wall System

The standard UlOO system and plastic liner systems do not deliver truly undisturbed samples. The UTlOO is a thin-
walled system designed to fully comply with BS EN ISO 22475-1: 2006 (Eurocode 7 Part 2) and is capable of producing
quality Class 1 samples. The materials used for the sample t ube, corecatcher and shoe are thinner than those in the
standard and plastic liner systems; therefore the UTlOO causes less sample disturbance as it is driven into the ground
(Refer to table below).

However, it should be noted that, due tothe use of thinner materials, the UTlOO is not always sufficiently robust to
withstand damage, especially when sampling in the presence of stony materials and dense gravels (e.g. glacial till).
Under these circumstances a variety of alternative sampling methods should be employed.

Technical Data
Requirements of BS EN UTlOO thin-wall UlOO standard UlOO plastic liner
Feature 22475-1:2006 system system system

Edge taper angle

should not exceed 5 5 10 7
(degrees)
Area ratio, Ca % should be less than 15 14.97 29.4 47.1
Inside clearance
should be less than 0.5 0.19 1.34 1.27
ratio, Ci %

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Key to Main Parts of UlOO Assembly

standard
~

Complete system consists of:

1. Drive Head / Bell housing

2. Adaptor for Drive Head (UT100 only)

3a. Sample Tube (UTlOO)

3b. Sample Tube (UlOO Standard system)

3b
3c. Body Tube (UlOO Plastic liner system)

4a. Corecatcher (UTlOO)

4b. Corecatcher (UlOO Standard system)

4c. Corecatcher (UlOO Plastic liner system)

Sa. Cutting Shoe (UT100)

Sb. Cutting Shoe (UlOO Standard system)

Sc. Cutting Shoe (UlOO Plastic liner system)

Sd. Cutting Shoe - Serrated type (UlOO Plastic liner system)

6. Spacing Ring (UlOO Plastic liner system)

7. Plastic liner (UlOO Plastic liner system)

8. Caps for sample tube (not shown)

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 !~;~,
"'it.'•\\
1

\\\\,\~1"
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'~~W 1
Explorational Drilling & Sampling Equipment

Shelby Tube Samplers

Thin -walled "Shelby" tube samplers are used for soils that are particularly sensitive to sampling 1
disturbance, and consist of a thin-walled stainless steel tube whose lower edge is chamfered to
form a cutting edge (there is no replaceable "shoe" ). The area ratio is less than 10%.

These samplers are suitable only for fine soils up to a firm consistency, and free from large 3
particles. They generally give Class 1 undisturbed samples in all fine cohesive soils, including
sensitive clays, as long as the soil has not been disturbed by sinking the borehole.

Shelby tube samplers are available in two standard diameters, 3" and 4", but other diameters can
be manufactured by special request. Tubes are manufactured from stainless steel.

The drive head contains a non-return valve to allow free exit of water and/or air above the sample.
The sample tube is attached to t he head by means of four screws.

Technical Data

Nominal Thread Tube O.D. Tube 1.0. Area Ratio Length of

Diameter connection (mm) (mm) % Sample Tube 2 -~
(mm)

500 - 1000
3" NWY ro d* 76.2 72.9 9.3%
(optional)

500 - 1000
4" NWY rod* 101.6 98.3 6.8%
(optional)

• other connection types available on request

Main Parts of Shelby Tube Sampler

Complete assembly consists of:
1. Drive head with non-return valve
2. Stainless steel sample tube

3. Grub screws (set of 4)

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7. ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLING
 Global Geotech
Explorational Drilling & Sampling Equipment

The Global GEO Rig

The Complete Solution for Environmental Soil Sampling and In-Situ Testing

The GEO is a highly mobile drive-sampling rig ideal for working inside and around the edges of buildings, low-
headroom situations, slopes and embankments and sites where access is restricted.

It is designed for use by a single operator and drilling can begin within minutes of arrival on site. The light weight of
each unit ensures that site disturbance is minimized, especially important on environmentally sensitive sites.

Applications:
Environmental Sampling
Small-scale geotechnical works
Determination of piling depths
Location of voids and buried obstructions
Archaeological Surveys
Continuous (Windowless) Soil Sampling
Undisturbed Soil Sampling
SPT and DP Testing
Installation of Monitoring Wells

Main Features:
t/ Mechanically simple and easy to operate
t/ Sampling by percussive technique ensures
minimal sample disturbance
t/ Blows per minute variable from 18 to 55, which allows complete control from rapid penetration to a modest
rate for blow counting
t/ Optional rotary attachment for coring through concrete or other hard
surfaces at ground level

Windowless Samplers up to 146 mm diameter

Superior to tradit ional sample tubes, the sampler is housed in a clear plastic liner and is removed from the sampler
tube in seconds. The quality and presentation of samples is unequalled in the industry, and this sampling method is
ideal for testing contaminants, w ith minimal cross-contamination between samples

Duplex Casing System - 116mm diameter

Unique system enables the hole to be cased and sampled at the same time as it is being sampled. Eliminates the
problem of holes collapsing and debris getting trapped behind the sampler when extracting

Standard Penetration Testing

Fully adjustable SPT test to B.S. 1377 - part 9 and ASTM standards

Dynamic Probing
Fully adjustable Dynamic Probing DP & DPSH.
Special rods are used with rope threads that eliminate problematic weak pin to pin couplers

Concrete Coring
Concrete coring unit fits onto the bottom anvil giving the facility to core up to 127mm diameter holes
Enables hard surfaces to be cored prior to sampling - i.e. car parks, factories & hard standings. Eliminates the need for
separate concrete coring apparatus or crew

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GEO 3 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Engine:
4-stroke diesel, 9 HP, electric start
Chalwyn valve and spark arrestor (optional)

Hydraulics:
Cylinder with 7 tonne pullback
Twin pump 20 - 40 I/min @ 3500rpm, 1500 psi

Drop Weight:
50 kg and 63.5 kg(interchangeable)

Drop Height:
500 mm and 760mm (interchangeable)

Sampling/Probing Depth:
5 - 15 metres depending on ground conditions

Max. Sampling Diameter:

Through slip bowl : 150 mm (6")

Gross wet weight (full t ank):

703 kg with tool baskets
673 kg without tool baskets

Dimensions (mm) on tracked power carrier:

Transport mode: 2550 L x 600*/1220 W x 1420 H
Sampling mode: 2680 L x 600* /1220 W x 2400**- 3120 H
* width with tool baskets removed
** minimum working height sampling at O.Sm intervals

Alternative configurations

Mounted on Land rover 4x4 Mounted on All -Terrain Vehicle

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Exploratlonal Drllllng & Sampling Equipment

Windowless Samplers ·O
Windowless Samplers are designed to be driven into soil using a
percussively using a sliding hammer, trip hammer or drive sampling rig.
Their main use is for environmental sampling of soils to determine the
presence or absence of various contaminants. The sample obtained
using w indow less samplers is typically disturbed and therefore of no
use for measuring soil parameters.

Each sampler consist s of 1) 0 -Ring, 2) Drive Head, 3) Steel Tube, 4)

Cutting Shoe, 5) Clear PVC Liner and 6) Liner Retaining Ring. An optional
Steel Basket Retainer (8) is available for sampling in very soft ground,
this is used instead of the Liner Retaining Ring. Plastic end caps (7) are
available to seal the ends of the PVC Liner.

The connection in the head is usually 1 1/i" B.S. Whitworth box thread.
Adaptors can be supplied to attach to most types of drill rod.

Windowless samplers are designed to give continuous soil core samples,

usually taken at 1 metre int ervals. After bringing t he sampler t o t he
surface, the cutting shoe and Liner Retaining Ring are removed and the
sample is simply extracted by pulling on th end of the the PVC liner w it h
a pair of pliers.

A range of different sampler diameters are available from 47 to 147 mm.

6 ~ ,9
Technical Dat a

Sampler Cutting Shoe O.D. Cutting Shoe l.D. Liner O.D. x l.D.
Size (mm) (mm) (mm)

146 [ 147 123 131 x129 J

1 L
~3_ 131 111 113 x 111
1
_J~
116
L 116 97 101 x99 ]
101 [ 101 84 87 x 85 J
l 92 l l 92 72 i- 77x75

l 79
l 79 62
l 67 x 65 _J
[ 10lL 70 52 _J~ 57 x 55 J
[ 57 [ 57 42 47 x 45
l
[ 47 [ 47 32 J 37 x 35
l

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8. IN SITU TESTS

..
.•'
CQl5TIWED LNllAND
..
I I
llOOWJS ~ HMSTlEliTll :..

•' .SI

-
s lO •• IO
a•' • 2 4
•

11 u 12 12 12
11 .. .. .. It
a a a 21 21
2' 14
,,. 24 24

ll ll 21 21 21
JI JI JI JI JI

• •Id .. •• IO
M(MPI)
a•1
•
Cu (\Pa)
2 4
Kd
• ••• 20t
Vl(m'S)
•
 Global Geotech
Explorational Drilling & Sampling Equipment

Standard Penetration Test (SPT}

A complete set of tools for carrying out the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) procedure as defined in
International Standard ISO 22476-3, BS 1377-7: 1990 and U.S. Standard ASTM 01586.

Automatic Trip hammer

The Automatic Trip Hammer is designed for driving the split tube sampler via a string of SPT rods. The
hammer consists of a weight of 63.5 kg complete with pick-up and self-tripping mechanism that ensures
that the weight has a free-fal l of exactly 760 mm. The inner shaft acts as a guide which permits t he
weight to drop with minimal resistance and ensures that the weight strikes the anvil squarely. The drive
rods screw securely into the base of the anvil which is supplied with either BW rod or 1 1/i'' BSW box
connection. The hammer is supplied with a safety cross bolt which secures the sliding outer sleeve to the
inner guide rod when the hammer is not in use or during transport. The overall length of the hammer is
1.8 m when unextended and 2.6 m when extended. The total weight of the complete hammer is 105 kg.
Calibration certificates can be supplied with the SPT hammers on request.

SPT Drive Rods

A purpose-built drive rod is available for the SPT sampler. The rod is manufactured from a thin, but high
tensile, tubular section 54 mm O.D. with solid 1 1/t BSW male and female tool joints shrink welded to
each end. The rod weighs only 8.8 kg per metre but is both stronger and stiffer than the BW rod, which
can be used as an alternative drive rod for the standard penetration test. SPT rods are available in
standard lengths of 3.0m, 1.5m and 0.75 m.

Split Spoon Sampler

The split tube sampler consists of a top adaptor, pair of split spoons, cutting shoe and optional basket retainer
(available in plastic or steel). The top adaptor contains a ball valve held in place by a threaded brass bush. The standard
thread connection on t he top is 1 1/i" BSW or BW rod, but other threads on req uest can be incorporated. The split
spoon is manufactured from high tensile alloy steel tube. The cutting shoe is specially case-hardened and tempered t o
give the optimum wear resistance.

The standard SPT split tube assembly is 2" (50.8 mm) O.D. x 13/ 8 " (34.9 mm) l.D. and t he length of split tube is 24" (610
mm). Samplers of 3" diameter are also available. If necessary a plastic liner can be used inside the split tube sampler.
However, samples are always highly disturbed.

For carrying out SPT(c) tests in gravels and other dense materials a long solid rod w it h 60 degree nose is used in place
of the split t ube sampler, or a short 60 degree nose cone can be used. This screws directly onto the lower end of the
split spoons.

A heavy duty version of the 2" split t ube sampler is available, called the Tuflok Sampler. This design incorporates a
stepped profile on each half of the split spoons, so the two halves lock together and are much less likely to bow
outwards when driven into hard ground with the SPT hammer.

SPT Rods, Hoisting Plug and Rod Spanner 2" SPT Split Spoon Sampler

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Explorational Drilling & Sampling Equipment

Dynamic Probe Test (DP)

The Dynamic Probe Test is used to determine the resistance of soils in situ to
the intermittent penetration of a cone, driven dynamically in a standard
manner and in accordance to B.S. 1377: Part 9. Dynamic probing involves
driving a steel cone vertically into the ground using a sliding hammer and
recording the number of blows for each lOOmm of penetration. The results
obtained from dynamic probe tests can be correlated w ith the Standard
Penetration Test (SPT).

The equipment consists of a 90° cone which may be sacrificial, or retained

for recovery, plus a series of extension or driving rods, a torque wrench and
a driving device. Sacrificial and non-sacrificial DP cones
There are two type oftest: Heavy Dynamic Probing (DPH) and Super Heavy Dynamic Probing (DPSH). The dimensions
of the cone and the mass and drop height of the driving weight differ between the two tests

The cone is attached to a l.Om section steel rod with a diameter of approximately 35mm and graduation markings at
lOOmm intervals. Depending upon the chosen test, the drop height can be adjusted. The super heavy method (DPSH)
is generally the preferred choice, with a drop weight of 63.Skg and a drop height of approximately 750mm.

It is usual to conduct a torque reading of the rods after each metre of penetration using a torque wrench in order to
estimate the skin friction effects on the rods. These torque readings are normally only conducted when using the
disposable cone. A further rod is then added and the process is continued until the probe refuses to penetrate the
ground or the test reaches the target depth.

The depth of penetrat ion achievable is dependent on the density of t he material encountered. However, for a typical
project with dynamic probes driven to depths between 5 -10 m. At least 30m of probing would normally be expected
during a single working shift.

The test was designed to provide a rapid and economic method of assessing the penetration resistance of the ground
and can be rough ly equated to equivalent SPT 'N' values. The test provides a continuous profile of ground resistance
with depth, rather than at the discrete depths of a conventional SPT test.

A log of the dynamic probe test resu lts is normally provided in tabular and graphical form, providing a visual
interpretation of the different soil strata encountered.

Dynamic probing is able to locate boundaries between strata of differing density and driving resistance. The dynamic
probe results can be used to establish the sub-surface presence of obstructions such as old foundations or buried
objects. The results are also used to identify soft areas and voids or cavities w it hin the soil, such as dissolut ion features
in chalk or mine workings

Variable Heavy Test (DPH) Super Heavy Test (DPSH)

Drive Weight (kg) so± 0.5 63.S ± 0.5

Drop Height (mm) 500±10 750 ± 20
Nominal Cone Area (cm 2) 15 20
Cone Diameter (mm) 43.7 ± 0.3 50.5 ±0.5

Cone Mantle Length (mm) 43.7 ± 1.0 50.S ± 2.0

Cone Tip Length (mm) 21.9 ± 0.1 55.3 ± 0.4
Drive Rod Diameter (mm) 35 35

Drive Rod Mass (kg/m) 6 8

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 Global Geotech
Explorational Drilling & Sampling Equipment

The Flat Dilatometer Test (DMT}

DMT determines in a quick, precise, simple and economical way various important parameters used in geotechnical
design. The results are highly repeatable and independent of the operator. The DMT is used in SO countries. It is
standardized in the ASTM (USA) norms, in the Eurocode and ISO 22476-11:2005.

The field of application of the Flat Dilatometer Test DMT is very wide:

Accurate settlement prediction of shallow foundations

Compaction control

Sensing the effects of pile installations

Liquefiability of sands

To verify if a slope contains slip surfaces

Axially loaded piles in cohesive soils

Laterally loaded piles

Pavement subgrade compaction control

Coefficient of consolidation and permeability of clays

0
Phreatic level in sands

Help in selecting FEM input parameters

In brief, the Flat Dilatometer consists of a stainless steel blade with a thin flat circular expandable steel membrane on
one side. The blade is jacked into the ground and at 20 cm depth intervals the jacking is stopped and the membrane is
inflated by means of pressurized gas. At each 20cm interval two readings are taken:-

1. The A-pressure, required to just begin to move the membrane against the soil ("lift-off")

2. The 8-pressure, required to move the centre of the membrane l.lmm against the soil.

A third reading C ("closing pressure") can also optionally be taken by slowly deflating the membrane soon after Bis
reached. The pressure readings A, 8 must then be corrected by the values M, 68 to take into account the membrane
stiffness. These corrected pressures are denoted Po and Pi·

.
The blade acts as an electric switch (on/off) and pressures A, 8 and Care indicated by the presence/absence of an
audible signal from the control unit as the membrane inflates and deflates again .

·.·.

Raw field data can be either recorded manually, by reading the re levant pressures off gauges on the control unit, or
recorded automatically by connecting the control unit to a laptop equipped with the DMT software package. The
software inputs and processes the raw field data and derives all the common soil parameters, which may be printed
out as Excel files or in graphical format.

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Th e software also directly calculates the settlement prediction using the DMT data.

SPT pre dicted Settlements DMT predic ted Settlements

"" Burland and
"' Schmertmann (1986)
e ,._ Burbridge (1985)
E and Hayes (1988)
.s _E ,..
"C
"C Q)

~
"C
10
ti
:g..... 10 • •

~ c.
c.
sands
" "'
...
measured (mm) measured (mm)

Th e tabl e below shows derivations of th e common soil parameters from th e corrected DMT pressures Po and P1·

SYMBOL DESCRIPTION BASIC OMT REDUCTION FORMU LAE

Po Corrected First Reading Po = 1.05 (A - Zt.1 + l:l.A) - 0.05 (B - Zt.1- AB}
Zt.1 = Gage reading when vented to atm.
If l:l.A & AB are measured with the same
P1 Corrected Second Reading P1 = B - Zt.1- AB
gage used for current readings A & B. set
2tA = O (4A is compensated)
lo Material Index lo = (P1 - Po) I (Po - Uo) uo = pre-insertion pore pressure
Ko Horizontal Stress Index Ko = (Po - Uo) I cr'.o v'.o = pre-insertion overburden stress
Eo Dilatometer Modulus Eo = 34.7 (P1 - Po) Eo is NOT a Young's modulus E. Eo
should be used only AFTER combining it
with Ko (Stress History). First obtain MDMT
= RM Eo. then e.Q. E " 0.8 MDMT
Ko Coeff. Earth Pressure in Situ = (Ko/ 1.5)047 - 0.6
Ko,OMT for lo< 1.2
OCR Overconsolidation Ratio oc~ = (0.5 Ko)156 for l0 < 1.2
Cu Undrained Shear Strength Cu.DMT = 0.22 cr'.0 (0.5 Ko}1'25 for lo< 1.2
cl> Friction Angle <I>..,re.DMT = 28° + 14.6° log Ko- 2.1° log2 Ko for lo> 1.8

ch Coefficient of consolidation C11,DMTA " 7 cm2 I t11ex lnex from A-log t DMT-A decay curve
kh Coefficient of Permeability kh =Ch yw/ Mh (ill\, " Ko MOMr)
y Unit Weight and Description (see chart in Fig. 16)
M Vertical Drained constrained MoMr =RM Eo
Modulus if lo !> 0.6 R,,, = 0.14 + 2.36 log Ko
if lo ~ 3 R,., = 0.5 + 2 log Ko
if 0.6 < lo< 3 R,., = R•to + (2.5 - R....o) log Ko
with R....o = 0.14 + 0.15 (10 - 0.6)
if Ko> 10 R,., = 0.32 + 2.16 log Ko
if RM< 0.85 set R,., = 0.85
Uo Equilibrium Pore Pressure Uo = Pz =C- 4A + l:l.A In free-draining soils

The DMT is suit able for applications ranging from ext reme ly soft soils to hard soils/soft rocks. This includes sands, silts
and clays where the grains are small compared to the membrane diameter (60 mm). It is not suitable for gravels.
However, the blade is robust enough to cross gravel layers of about 0.5 m thickness.

The dilatometer blade may be advanced into the ground by pushing with a cone penetrometer or with a drill rig. The
DMT can also be driven, e.g. using the SPT hammer or sliding hammer, but statical push is the preferred method.
Pushing t he b lade with a 20 ton penetrometer truck is the most effective method and yields t he h ighest productivity
(up to 80 m of soundings per day). Very light drill rigs, due to limited pushing capacity circa 2 tons, may be restricted to
use in very soft soils or to very short depths. However, t hey are sometimes necessary in soils containing occasional
boulders of hard layers, in order to drill past these obstacles. When DMT soundings are carried out after pre-boring,
the initial test results obtained in the zone of disturbance at hole bottom (3-5 borehole diameters) must be treated
with caution.

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Methods of inserting the DMT blade are shown in the diagram below:-

Pushed by truck Pushed by a drill rig Driven by a drill rig

Pushed from Driven or pushed by a

a fixed platform Driven by SPT Tripod static/dynamic penetrometer

While in principle, many kinds of rod can be used to push or drive the DMT blade, most commonly CPT rods or rotary
drill rods are used. The rods must be hollow to allow the electrical-pneumatic cable to pass through the middle. An
adaptor is needed to the blade at the lower end, and a special slotted adaptor at the top end to allow the cable to exit
the drill string.

Further information about the DMT is available to download at our web site.

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The Seismic Dilatometer Test (SDMT)

SDMT is a combination of the standard Flat Dilatometer (DMT) with a seismic module. The seismic module is a tubular
element placed above t he DM T blade, equipped with two receivers located 0.5 m apart. When a shear wave is
generated at the surface, it reaches first t he upper receiver, then, after a delay, t he lower receiver. The seismograms
acquired by the two receivers, amplified and digit ized at depth, are t ransmitted to a PC at the surface, which is used to
measure the shear wave velocity II,. From V, one can determine the small strain shear modulus Go

(a) (b) (c)

l
AS RECORDED --+ RE • PHASED

TRUE
INTERVAL

.-...-.- ~
.....
;t 5 - . T .-

10 m~
~~~~~~~

-... j\ - - -• • -.-

~
Z2 - -- -- - -- -- -.
(a) DMT blade and seismic module; (b) Schematic layout of the seismic dilatometer test; (c) Example of seismograms as
recorded and re-phased.

Applications of SDMT

The modern norms increasingly require seismic analysis, for which the basic parameter is V, . SDMT provides profiles of
V, in a quick, precise, simple and economical way. Repeatability of measured V, is 1-2 % (see below).

According to Eurocode 8 all new constructions should be preceded by an analysis of the local seismic response,
requiri ng V, from ground surface to 30 m depth.

SDMT provides, besides II,, all the informat ion obtained by t radit ional DMT. In particular, SDMT provides at each
depth two independent estimates of the liquefaction resist ance, one derived from V. and the other from Kd. Kd is
sensitive to facto rs almost unfelt by other tests, in particular, ageing, a factor that may increase liquefaction resistance
by as much as 60% in loose sands.

SDMT is used worldwide. Important projects include barriers for protecting Venice, Barcelona harbour and airport, the
new shuttle crawlerway at NASA Cape Kennedy, the San Andreas fault, big power plants and high speed railways etc.

RESULTS ~
MATERIAL.
~ SHEAR WAVE
l>C>EX YEl.oaTY
.5 I 200

32
!---!"-'--!--!• 36 0!--'-~"'-:!400

Results from two nearby SOM Ts showing high repeatability.

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 i~~~'
tl'i.\\\i) Global Geotech
'"'.~•\••'1!
-:~~"'/' Exploratlonal Drilling & Sampling Equipment

Packer Tests
Global Geotech supplies a range of high quality inflatable packers for grouting and borehole permeability testing
("Lugeon" test). The natural rubber sleeve of each packer is reinforced with interlacing steel strands giving each packer
exceptional properties of expansion, strength and flexibility.

Packers are supplied in 8 standard diameters ranging from 34mm to 102mm as shown in the table below:

Deflated Length of Max. Max. l.D.of Top Max.

diameter Rubber inflated borehole Central Connector operating
(mm) Sleeve diameter diameter Tube (inch BSP) pressure
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (bar)

34 300 - 500 60 so 8 3/ a" 75

44 500 -1000 85 80 17 3/ 4" 75
54 500 -1000 115 105 23 1" 75

64 500 -1000 130 120 30 1" 75

74 500 -1000 155 145 30 1" 75

84 500 -1000 165 155 30 1" 75

94 500 -1000 185 175 45 1
1 / 4" 75

102 500 -1000 195 185 45 l 1/ 4" 75

Choice of packer diameter is determined by borehole diameter. We recommend that you

choose the largest available diameter of packer that fits into t he borehole, after allowing
sufficient clearance for positioning and extraction. This means that it will not be necessary to
expand t he packer anywhere near its maximum diameter, requiring a lower inflation pressure
and thus prolonging the life of t he rubber sleeve.

The deflat ed packer is lowered into the borehole and is inflated using a neutral gas (nitrogen)
or water injected throu gh the inflation line. We recommend using water as the infl ation
medium, bot h for safety reasons, and because repeated infl ation by gas under pressure can
cause bubbles t o slow ly permeate and build up in t he sleeve which will reduce t he life of t he
packer.

The relat ionship between inflated diameter and working 140

pressure for different packers is shown in the graph to t he 1044
130
right. Note that the working pressure reduces as the
packer is expanded. Thus a tighter seal in the borehole
120 0 30 \
\
, 054

\ \084
\0104

\
110
can be achieved by choosing a packer that does not need
100 I \ \ I\
to expand very much. i:' 90 \ \ 074 I\ \
~
;- 80
\ \ ' \

~ 70 \ \ \ \ \

..
~
Q.

~ 50
60 \ \
\
\
\ \
\,
i\
\
\
\
~ 40
\. \ \
\ '
' "'"'
'\
30
20 " ' I\. ' r--.... !'-... "\
10 " "-... "
30 50 70 90 110 130 150 170 1 90
40 60 80 100 1 20 1 40 160 180
Bore.,hol e diameter (mm)

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TC
Double Packers

Diagram shows the configuration of a double packer. It is

IA
important to specify the required sleeve length and the
length of the intermediate zone (IZ). This will remain
fixed in length as the packer elements expand above and
below. Note that the length of intermediate zone can be
easily changed by adding or removing central extension
tubes (CPP) of different lengths.

Key
TC= Top Connection
IA= Inflation Adaptor RIA
SSE = Sliding End of Packer
S =Sleeve
Cl
FE = Fixed End of Packer
IZ
CPP =Central Perforated Pipe CPP

Cl= Central Inflation Line

IZ = Intermediate Zone RIA

FE
Packer Accessories

Accessories are available for packers, including hand

pumps, inflation line, lugeon test line, spare sleeves,
0-rings, seals and connectors.

Hand pump Inflation Line, 0 Rings and Lugeon Test Line, for Permeability Tests
Connectors

Email: [email protected] Tel: +44 (0)1422 378205

 Global Geotech
Explorational Drilling & Sampling Equipment

Piezometers
Simple and economic measurement of groundwater pressure in soil and rock can be
carried out using Casagrande type piezometers.

They are made up of low air entry porous plastic or ceramic elements which are
connected t o standpipe tubing and lowered into a pre-dri lled borehole. Alternative
types may be driven or pushed into soft soil.

Where Casagrande type piezometers are being installed t hen t he porous element is Standpipe piezom eter: cylindrical
surrounded by filter sand and a Bentonite seal placed above this response zone. element protected by perforated
rigid plastic tube with plastic end
Water level measurements are normally taken using a water level meter (dipmeter) fittings to fit o %'' PVC standpipe
or in the case of artesian pressure a Bourdon pressure gauge is attached at the top tube.
end.

Standard piezometer tube is supplied threaded 3/4" BSP and is coupled together using separate BSP sockets. Tubing is
available in high strength ABS, PVC or galvanized steel (for drive -in piezometers). Standard lengths are 1, 2 and 3
met res.

Tech nica l Specificat ions

(
Porous Plastic Element Ceramic Element

Material HOPE Material Alumo Silicate

Mean pore size 60 microns Mean pore size 60 microns

Permeability 3x10 .. m/s Permeability 3x10 .. m/s Ceramic piezometer: cylindrical

Porosity 35.00% Porosity 45.00% ceramic element with rigid plastic
end fittings, fitted with plastic
connector to fit a %'' PVC
standpipe tube.

Piezometer Tips Diameter (mm) Length (mm)

Porous plastic 27 320

Porous plastic 27 1000

'
Drive-in galvanised 27 400
Drive-in galvanised 26 1000
Drive-in piezometer: cylindrical
Ceramic 50 200
porous plastic element protected
Ceramic 50 310 by a perforated galvanised mild
steel pipe with mild steel end
cone and with coupling to fit a
%"galvanised mild steel
standpipe tubing

Email: [email protected] Tel: +44 (0)1422 378205

 Global Geotech
Explorational Drilling & Sampling Equipment

Water Level Meters (Dipmeters)

Water level meters (dipmeters) are used to determine the water level within a
borehole, piezometer pipe or sump.

A dipmeter consists of a flat cable made with steel tape measure with millimetre
reso lution, two copper clad steel conductors, all shrouded in an HDPE or PU
covering.

They available in a variety of lengths, handy cassette encased dipmeters in 8, 10, 15

and 20 m depth range, standard drum mounted dipmeters in 30, 50, 100, 150, 200,
250, 300, 400 and 500 m depth ranges. Handy cassette encased dipmeter
8 - 20 metre depth range
The reel is fitted with a 16mm diameter stainless steel probe assembly. As the probe
is lowered into the water, a single audible buzz is heard and a red light shows.
The unit is powered by a 9 volt PP3 battery.

Optional Extras
Test/On/Off switch on front panel to check battery and operation before
visiting site
Slimline 12mm diameter probe
Heavy duty steel reel drum (for 30-200 m units)
Carry bags, small (30-100 m), medium (150-200 m) and large (250-300 m)

Water Level & Temperature Indicator

Standard drum-mounted
Combines the function of Water Level Indicator with measurements of temperature dipmeter 30 - 500 metre depth
of the surrounding medium. Available in standard lengths 30 - 200m range

Reed Switch Probe

The Reed Switch Probe is used to determine the location of magnetic sensors in magnetic soil settlement systems.
When the reed switch passes through a magnetic field, it closes; completing a circuit and a buzzer is activated. The
elevation of the magnet target is read directly from th e t ape. Available in tape lengths of 30 - 200 m and can be
combined with a Water Level Indicator.

Water - Hydrocarbon Interface Meter

Used to determine t he thickness of hydrocarbon layer on water surface. Available in standard tape lengths of 30, 50
and 100 m (longer lengths on request).

Anti-Foam Dipmeter
The Anti-Foam Dipmeter has been designed to measure the leachate level within gas/leachate wells or sumps.
The special shroud is unaffected by the presence of leachate foam found within wells, particularly where leachat e is
being pumped and/or positive gas extraction occurs. Once the float comes in contact with liquid (NOT FOAM) an
audible buzz is heard together with a visible red light. Standard lengths 30 - 200 m.

Email: [email protected] Tel: +44 (0)1422 378205

9. CABLE PERCUSSION TOOLS
 . . !~~,.,,
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Global Geotech
't~~W' Explorational Drilling & Sampling Equipment

Shell and Auger Tools

Although cable percussion drilling is the most ancient method of making a

borehole, in some countries it is still used today, for water well drilling and for
geotechnical investigations.

The technique involves lowering a heavy cutting bit or hammering chisel

attached to a rope or cable into an open hole or inside a temporary casing. The
technique is often referred to as "Cable tool drilling" or "Shell and auger
drilling". Usually a tripod is used to support the tools. By moving the rope or
cable up and down, the cutting or hammering bit loosens the soil or
consolidated rock in the borehole, which is then extracted later by using a bailer.
A temporary casing of steel or plastic may be used to prevent the hole from
collapsing. When the permanent well screen and casing are installed, this
temporary casing has to be removed.

In very remote areas, cable tool drilling can be performed manually by several
men pulling on a rope to move the tools up or down. In the year 1923, one hand-
drilled well in China reached over 4000 feet deep, but this was extremely hard
work! Nowadays it is preferable to use a tripod rig with a small diesel engine.

Global Geotech supports this ancient tradition, and continues to manufacture

steel casing, casing drive heads, casing shoes, casing clamps and lifting bails in a
Cable percussion tools never die, they
range of diameters, all manufactured to British Standard BS 879.
just grow older. Here is the famous
We also manufacture a suite of tools that fit inside the steel casing, including 2 1/4" x 3 1/4" AP/ cable tool thread....
bailer (or "shell"), claycutter, stubber, heavy duty cross-chisels, sinker bars in urgent need of rejuvenation!
(weights), and sliding hammers.
2 6

Casing and Cable Tool Diameters

Casing Diameter Standard Tool Diameter Undersize Tool Diameter

Nominal O.D.Xl.D (inches) (inches)

(inches) (inches)

6" 6.5/8" x 5.7/8" 5.1/2" 5"

8" 8.5/8" x 7. 7/8" 7.5/8" 7"
7
10" 10.3/4" x 9.7/8" 9.5/8" 8.5/8"
12" 12.3/4" x 11.7/8" 11.1/2" 10.3/4"
Note: undersized tools are used when more clearance is requ ired between the tool and
inside of the casing (e.g. when drilling in gravels).

1t11"

LfJ
4
I
""TSls
il 3

+
1. Claycutter including shoe and
cloycutter ring; 2. Bailer including shoe
and clack valve; 3. Claycutter ring;
4. Serrated shoe; 5. Leather clack;
Stubber and Cross Chisel 6. Stubber; 7. Cross chisel

Email: [email protected] Tel : +44 (0)1422 378205

 . . !~~,.,,
,\\\\\~1"~~'
Global Geotech
't~~W' Explorational Drilling & Sampling Equipment

Steel waterwell casing with threads Swivel sinker bar with slot, used
to BS 879, used in Shell & Auger for driving the casing into the
drilling ground

Bail and pin, casing drive heads (female and male), casing shoes (male and
female), casing clamps

Claycutter with ring and tool

shoe (left), Shell I Bailer with
steel clack and tool shoe
(right)

Email: [email protected] Tel : +44 (0)1422 378205

10. DRILLING ACCESSORIES
 Global Geotech
Explorational Drilling & Sampling Equipment

Drilling Accessories

Global Geotech supplies a broad range of drilling accessories ..... please contact us for details!

Recovery Tools Water Swivels

Boll Cone Clamps

Safety Foat Clamps

Chain Wrenches Heavy Duty Pipe Wrenches Haist Plugs

Sub Adaptors Full Grip Circle Wrenches (Parmalees)

Email: [email protected] Tel : +44 (0)1422 378205

Head Office: U.A.E Distributor:

•\~:: Global Geotech VAN

NICAL
~~· Eltplot~ o.9ng ~ Somplng fqufpment

Global Geotech Limited Al Bayan Technical Equipment LLC

Unit 5 Springwood Business Park P.O. Box 29085
Burrwood Way Al Quoz Industrial 4
Halifax HX4 9BJ Dubai
United Kingdom United Arab Emirates

Tel: +44 (0)1422 378205 Tel.: +971 4 2689524

Fax: +44 (0)844 8711482 Fax: +971 4 2689568

Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

Web: www.globalgeotecb.co.yk Web: www.albatechuae.com