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Physics Project Class 11 (Final)

This document describes an investigatory project to verify Hooke's law. The objective is to study the elastic properties of a spring and rubber band and determine how closely they follow Hooke's law. The procedure involves mounting a spring vertically and attaching weights in increments to measure the corresponding stretch. A graph of load vs. stretch is plotted and analyzed to determine if it fits a linear trend line. The same process is repeated for a rubber band. The results are used to evaluate if the spring and rubber band obey Hooke's law.

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24K views

Physics Project Class 11 (Final)

This document describes an investigatory project to verify Hooke's law. The objective is to study the elastic properties of a spring and rubber band and determine how closely they follow Hooke's law. The procedure involves mounting a spring vertically and attaching weights in increments to measure the corresponding stretch. A graph of load vs. stretch is plotted and analyzed to determine if it fits a linear trend line. The same process is repeated for a rubber band. The results are used to evaluate if the spring and rubber band obey Hooke's law.

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chemistry project
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NEHRU SMARAKA VIDYALAYA

BANGALORE

Investigatory Project in Physics


Topic:
"Investigatory Project on Verification of Hooke’s Law "

Submitted to

Mr. Dheeraj
Submitted by

Grade XI
NEHRU SMARAKA VIDYALAYA

Certificate

This is to certify that bonafide student of


class XI has successfully completed the project titled "
Verification of Hooke’s Law " in the laboratory of Physics
prescribed by the Central Board of Secondary Education for the
AISSCE for the year 2018-19.

Teacher in–Charge HOD Principal

External Examiner

Date:
Acknowledgement

I wish to express my gratitude to my Chemistry teacher


Mr. Dheeraj, who has been instrumental in helping me complete
this project.

I also wish to express my sincere thanks to our beloved Principal


Dr Arokia Raj.P, and the management of BIGI for having
changed our focus from exam-based learning to knowledge-
learning which I now understand will go a long way in molding
my future ahead for better prospects.

I wish to thank my parents, friends and all those who have directly
or indirectly contributed towards completion of this project
successfully and effectively.
INDEX
Contents PAGE NOS

Abstract

Objective

Theory

Materials required

Procedure

Observations

Bibliography
Abstract

Hooke’s law is a law of physics that states that the force (F) needed to
extend or compress a spring by some distance x scales linearly with
respect to that distance. That is : F = kdx, where k is a constant factor
characteristic of the spring : its stiffness, and x is small compared to the
total possible deformation of the spring. The law is named after 17th-
century British physicist Robert Hooke. He first stated the law in 1676 as
a Latin anagram. He published the solution of his anagram in 1678 as: “ut
tension, sic vis” (“as the extension, so the force” or “the extension is
proportional to the force”). Hooke states in the 1678 work that he was
aware of the law already in 1660.
Hooke’s equation holds (to some extent) in many other situations where
an elastic body is deformed, such as wind blowing on a tall building, a
musician plucking a string of a guitar, and the filling of a party balloon. An
elastic body or material for which this equation can be assumed is said to
be linear-elastic or Hookean.
Hooke’s law is only a first-order linear approximation to the real response
of springs and other elastic bodies to applied forces. It must eventually
fail once the forces exceed some limit, since no material can be
compressed beyond a certain minimum size, or stretched beyond a
maximum size, without some permanent deformation or change of state.
Many materials will noticeably deviate from Hooke’s law well before
those elastic limits are reached.
Objective

In this experiment, we will study the elastic properties of a spring and of


a rubber band and we will measure how closely they follow Hooke’s Law.
Our present interest is in whether the data will fit on a linear trend line. A
good fit indicates that the object (spring or rubber band) obeys Hooke’s
Law. Hooke’s Law states that the restoring force is a linear unction of the
displacement from equilibrium.
Theory

To deform a material requires the application of a force. Some materials


deform more easily than others. Materials that return to their original
dimension after deforming force has been removed are called elastic. All
materials exhibit some degree of elasticity but not always in enough
quantity to be useful from a practical sense. The elsticiy property makes
its presence known through a restoring force that opposes the
deformation force and tries to maintain the original dimensions of the
material. We will be considering elasticity in only one dimension. The
restoring force is proportional to the magnitude of the deformation. This
can be expressed in an equation known as Hooke’s Law after the discover
of the effect, Robert Hooke.
F = -kx ………..Equation 1
The variable ‘x’ represents the magnitude of the distortion or
displacement from the equilibrium as exhibited in the stretching of a
spring or rubber band. The factor ‘k’ is the proportionality constant and
the minus sign indicates that of the displacement, i.e. it is a restoring
force.
Materials Required

 Slotted weights
 Balance
 Coil spring
 Weight hanger
 Rod & Table
 Clamp
 Rubber band
 Meter stick
 Spring clamp
Procedure

I. The Spring

a. Mount the spring so that it hangs vertically with the small end u.
Attach a 50g mass to the hanger. This separates the coils and is your
“zero” load. DO NOT COUNT THE 50g OR THE WEIGHT HANGER AS
PART OF THE “LOAD”. This is the one lab where you can neglect the
mass of the weight hanger.
b. Mount the meter stick vertically in its holder with the numbers
increasing towards the floor and place the meter stick on the floor.
Adjust the clamp holding the spring so that the bottom of the weight
hanger is sufficiently high off the ground when the heaviest load was
applied. The meter stick reading that is aligned with the bottom of
the weight hanger (with the 50g “zero” load) is your reference Point
– record the value below in the Data Table.

c. Now, add mass to the weight hanger, in multiples of 50g units, until
you have added 300g. Record the meter stick reading of the bottom
of the weight hanger after each mass has been added. Calculate the
amount of stretch by subtracting the Reference Point value from
your meter stick reading. Record this stretch value in the Data Table.

d. After all the masses have been added, remove 50g at a time and
record the meter stick readings after each change as before. This is
done as a quick check on the repeatability of your data to ensure
that your Reference Point has not shifted.
The Setup

II. The Rubber Band

a. Now, mount the rubber band in place of the spring and repeat the
above experiment from steps: Ia. To Id.
Observations

1. Construct a graph of Load vs Stretch for the Spring

Choose the best-fit trend line. Determine the equation of the line
and its correlation coefficient. Analyze your graph

 Does the Spring obey Hooke’s Law?


 What characteristic of Load vs Stretch graph tell you?
2. Construct a graph of Load vs Stretch for the Rubber Band

Choose the best-fit trend line. Determine the equation of the line
and its correlation coefficient. Analyze your graph

 Does the Rubber Band obey Hooke’s Law?


 What characteristic of Load vs Stretch graph tell you?
Bibliography

1. Tutorvista.com
2. Gradestack.com
3. Hyperphysics.com

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