CRITICAL BOOK REPORT

“CALCULUS DIFERENTIAL: LIMIT”

Lecturer: Hana D Hutabarat, M,Si

CREATED BY:

PALAGUNA SIAHAAN

4193131017

STUDY PROGRAM S1 BILINGUAL CHEMISTRY EDUCATION

FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCE

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

2019

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 PREFACE

Praise the authors say the presence of God Almighty, for His blessings so that the author can
complete the Critical Book Report (CBR) to fulfill the assignments of Differential Calculus
course.

In the preparation of this task or material, not a few obstacles faced by the author. Therefore the
author would like to thank the lecturers who have helped in the smooth writing of this CBR.

In writing this CRITICAL BOOK REPORT, the author has tried to present the best. However,
there may still be errors in the writing. The writer hopes to get criticism and input from readers.
The author also hopes that this CBR can provide information and have benefits for all parties.

Medan, 23rdSeptember 2019

Author

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE .......................................................................................................... 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................... 3
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 4
1.1Background ..................................................................................................... 4
1.2Objective ......................................................................................................... 4
1.3Benefits ........................................................................................................... 4
CHAPTER II: DISCUSSION ............................................................................. 5
2.1 Identity of Book .............................................................................................. 5
2.2 Summary of Book ........................................................................................... 3
2.2.1 Book 1 ......................................................................................................... 6
2.2.2 Book 2 ......................................................................................................... 8
2.2.3 Book 3 ....................................................................................................... 12
CHAPTER III: ASSESSMENT ........................................................................ 13
3.1.1 Advantages of Book 1 ................................................................................ 13
3.1.2 Advantages of Book 2 ................................................................................ 13
3.1.3 Advantages of Book 3 ................................................................................ 13
3.2.1Disadvantages of Book 1 ............................................................................ 13
3.2.2Disadvantages of Book 2 ............................................................................ 13
3.2.3Disadvantages of Book 3 ............................................................................ 13
CHAPTER IV: CLOSING .............................................................................. 14
4.1.Conclusion ................................................................................................... 14
4.2. Suggestion ................................................................................................... 14
REFERENCES ................................................................................................. 15

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CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Issue Background

The background of writing this paper is to fulfill the tasks given by calculus lecturers.Limit
are one of the foundations or foundations in analysis so that mastery of various concepts and
principles of limit functions can help in solving a problem in everyday life. A function can be
analyzed based on the idea of going up or down, optimizing, and turning points using the limit
concept. In the following sections, we will try to observe various real problems and study several
cases and examples to find derivative concepts.

In everyday life, we often encounter the rate of change. The rate of change is closely related
to speed. In the following discussion, it will focus on comparisons between two different books
on limit material.

1.2 Objective

1. Describe the concept of algebraic function limits using real context and apply them
appropriately, systematically, and creatively.

2. Understanding the characteristics of the limit function and solving problems with these
attributes appropriately and responsibly.

3. Choose an effective strategy and present a mathematical model in solving real problems about
the limits of algebraic functions precisely, systematically, and creatively.

1.3 Benefits

Based on the background above, the objectives to be achieved in this critical book report are:

1. To deepen knowledge about the Limit

2. To add insight into how to criticize books.

3. To find out which book is good and quality

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CHAPTER II : DISCUSSION

2.1 Identity of Book

A.Book 1

Title of Book : KalkulusUntukPerguruanTinggi

The Author : Mhd Daud Pinem, S. T ., M. T .

The Publisher : RekayasaSains, Bandung

Published Year : 2015

B. Book 2 (Main Book)

Title of Book : Calculus Early Trascendental, 10th Edition

The Author : Anton Bivens Davis

The Publisher : Laurie Rosatone

Published Year : 2012

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 C. Book 3

Title of Book : Kalkulus Integral danAplikasinya

The Author : Didit Budi Nugroho

The Publisher : GrahaIlmu, Yogyakarta

Published Year : 2012

2.2 Summary of Book

A. Book 1

The limit of a function f (x) for x approaches a certain value such as c, written lim f (x) =
L, which means that if x is close but different from c then f (x) is close to L. The limit is very
closely related to derivative because the limit result of a function f (x) is also a result of the
derivative of the function and can be written as follows.

dx f ( x  x)  f ( x)
f’(x)= = lim
dy x0 x

Theorem of Limit

 lim k = k
x a

 lim k.f(x) = k. lim f(x) = k.F

x a x a

 lim  f ( x)  g ( x)= lim f(x)  lim g(x) F  G

x a x a x a

 lim [ f ( x).g ( x)] = [lim f ( x)].[ lim g ( x)] = F.G

x a xa xa

 f ( x)  lim f ( x) F
 lim   = xa
=
x a
 g ( x)  lim
xa
g ( x) G

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 n

( x)   lim f ( x) = F
n

n
lim
x a
f x a 
x


 1
lim 1  = e
 x
x 

lim 1 x  = e
1
 x
x 0

Determine the Limit Value with Direct Substitution

If the number is substituted, the limit value is obtained, then this method is called substitution.
Howeve, if the limit results are not the others methods must be used. For example:
 0
 ,   , dan  . The other way is by factoring and multiplying with pear numbers
 0

Determine the Limit Value with Factorisasi

The aim of this way is to miss the number that make the limit value is undefined.

Determine the Limit Value with Cross to the friend’s Number

In general, we use this way to solve the question in roots form

Apllication of the Limit Theorem in Undefine

It says the limit theorem at infinity is when x goes to infinity x   . Usually the form of a
given problem is deep polynomial rank form (multi-rank) fractions functios. The following are
m 1 m2
  cx  ...
m

common form of undefined limit: lim ax bx n 1

x  n n2
px  qx  rx  ...

Trigonometry Limit

As is well known that trigonometry is contained in it sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secan, and
cosecan forms in the limit trigonometry, the following limit values have been determined as
equal :

sin x tan x
lim  1 ; lim 1
x 0 x x 0 x

So, to determine the trigonometric value of limit if the result of the limit is not defined by
changing the shape of the limit into a form which can be resolved.

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As already mentioned above, that the limit is very closely related with a derivative that is a
derivative of a function can be obtained with method limit. If a function of y  f (x) , so in
general its derivative form can be written as follows :

f x  x   f x 
y  f x   dx  lim
' dy
'

x
x 0

The atmosphere of a fuction

A function f x  is called continuous at x = a if :

 lim f ( x)  L(defined )
xa

 f (a )  define [for x=a function of f(x) has the value

 L= f(a) (value of condition 1 and condition to must be same)
 Left value of limit = right value of limit
Note :If one of the condition above is not met, then the function f(x) said to be not
continuos (discontinuous).

B. Book 2

The concept of a “limit” is the fundamental building block on which all calculus concepts
are based. In this section we will study limits informally, with the goal of developing an intuitive
feel for the basic ideas. In the next three sections we will focus on computational methods and
precise definitions.

Now that we have seen how limits arise in various ways, let us focus on the limit concept
itself. The most basic use of limits is to describe how a function behaves as the independent
variableapproachesagivenvalue. Forexample,letusexaminethebehaviorofthefunction:

lim
x a
x  x  1  3
2

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 ONE-SIDED LIMITS

The limit in (6) is called a two-sided limit because it requires the values of f(x) to get
closer and closer to L as values of x are taken from either side of x = a. However, some functions
exhibit different behaviors on the two sides of an x-value a, in which case it is necessary to
distinguish whether values of x near a are on the left side or on the right side of a for purposes of
investigating limiting behavior. For example, consider the function

Withthehelpofacalculatingutilitysetinradianmode,weobtainTable1.1.2. The data in the table

suggest that:

sin x
lim 1
x 0 x

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ONE-SIDED LIMITS AND TWO-SIDED LIMITS

In general, there is no guarantee that a function f will have a two-sided limit at a given point a;
that is, the values of f(x)may not get closer and closer to any single real number L as x→a. In
this case we say that

lim f(x) does not exist

x a

Similarly, the values of f(x) may not get closer and closer to a single real number L asx→a+ or as
x→a-.

In these cases we say that

lim f(x) does not exist

x a 

or that

lim  f(x) does not exist

xa

In order for the two-sided limit of a function f(x)to exist at a point a, the values of f(x) must
approach some real number L as x approaches a, and this number must be the same
regardlessofwhether x approaches a fromtheleftortheright. Thissuggeststhefollowing result,
which we state without formal proof.

INFINITE LIMITS

Sometimes one-sided or two-sided limits fail to exist because the values of the function
increaseordecreasewithoutbound. Forexample, considerthebehaviorof f(x)= 1 for values of x
x

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near 0. It is evident from the table and graph in Figure 1.1.15 that as x-values are taken closer
and closer to 0 from the right, the values of f(x)= 1 are positive and increase without bound;
x
and as x-values are taken closer and closer to 0 from the left, the valuesof f(x)= 1
x
arenegativeanddecreasewithoutbound.

VERTICAL ASYMTOT

C. Book 3

Limit Rules

If L, M, c, and k are real numbers

lim f ( x)  L and lim g ( x)  M , then

x c x c

1. Addition Rule: lim  f ( x)  g ( x)  L  M

x c

The limit of the sum of the two functions is the sum of each limit.

2. Deduction Rule: lim  f ( x)  g ( x)  L  M

x c

The limit of the difference between the two functions is the difference from each limit.

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 3. Multiplication Rules: lim  f ( x)  g ( x)  L  M
x c

The limit of multiplication of two functions is the multiplication of the respective limit.

4. Rule of Multiplication Constants: lim k . f ( x)  k  L

x c

The limit of a constant multiplied by a function is a constant multiplied by the limit of a function.

f ( x) L
5. Division Rules: lim 
x c g ( x) M

The limit of the division of two functions is the division of each limits.

6. Rank Rules: If r and s are non-zero null numbers which have no common factor, then

 f ( x)  L
r r r
lim
x c
s s , where L s is a real number. (If s is even, then it is assumed L> 0.)

The limit of the rational rank of a function is the rank of the function limit, where the result is
real.
n 1
7. If P( x)  an x  an 1 x  ...  a0 is a polynomial , so
n

lim Px   Pc   an c  an 1 c

n 1
 ...  a0
n

x c

P c 
8. If P(x) and Q(x) are polynomials and Q(c) ≠ 0, so lim
x c Q c 

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CHAPTER III: ASSESSMENT

3.1.1 Advantages of Book 1

After reading the first book, I find some advantages of this book. This book contains
many examples include the ways to solve. The author explain the ways clearly and step by step.
There are many formulas that we often use.

3.1.2 Advantages of Book 2

After reading the second book, I find some advantages of this book. This book not only
contains examples include the ways to solve, many exercises, but also the basic concept of the
formula with graphics.

3.1.3 Advantages of Book 3

After reading the third book, I find the formula which often used. The author writes the
simple formula so we can use the formula to solve the problem easily.

3.2.1Disadvantages of Book 1
After reading the first book, I am not too interest to read the book because of the display,
the paper and we don’t find any graphic.

3.2.2Disadvantages of Book 2
After reading the second book, I just understand the topic from the examples and
graphics because the theories of this book is less than the first book.

3.2.3 Disadvantages of Book 3

After reading the third book, I don’t find basic concepts, examples, exercises, and
graphics.

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CHAPTER IV: CLOSING
4.1.Conclusion
So, from three books that I have read, I decide that the second is the best book.So, in this
CBR we use the second book as a main book.

The second book has the most advantages. They are, examples include the ways to solve,
exercises, but also the basic concept of the formula with graphics. The first book is better than
the third book because the first book contains more examples include the ways to solve, and
exercises while the third book just contains the simple formula without examples and exercises.

The first book has most examples with the ways to solved than another book. But, the
second book has more exercises than another book.

4.2. Suggestion
After we read three books thatI have chosen, I have suggestions. They are :

 For the first book, I suggest that the paper should be changed to be better paper. And also
the first book, actually must be included the graphic with the its explanation.
 The second book, I suggest that the book should have more theories.
 For the third book, I suggest that the book not only included the simple formula but also
included some some example with the ways to solve and some exercises to train the
readers understanding about limit concept.

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REFERENCES

Pinem, Mhd. Daud. 2015. Kalkulus Untuk Perguruan Tinggi. Bandung: Rekayasa Sains

Davis, Anton Bivens. 2012. Calculus Early Trascendental. Laurie Rosatone

Nugroho, Didit Budi. 2012. Kalkulus Integral dan Aplikasinya. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.

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