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CKA CheatSheet

The document provides information on using kubectl, the Kubernetes command line tool, to interact with and manage Kubernetes clusters and resources. It covers commands for setting up kubectl configuration and context, creating, viewing, updating, patching, editing, scaling, deleting and interacting with Kubernetes resources like pods, services, deployments etc. It also includes commands for managing nodes, draining nodes for maintenance, viewing cluster information and supported resource types.

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deepesh_tr
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© © All Rights Reserved
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971 views

CKA CheatSheet

The document provides information on using kubectl, the Kubernetes command line tool, to interact with and manage Kubernetes clusters and resources. It covers commands for setting up kubectl configuration and context, creating, viewing, updating, patching, editing, scaling, deleting and interacting with Kubernetes resources like pods, services, deployments etc. It also includes commands for managing nodes, draining nodes for maintenance, viewing cluster information and supported resource types.

Uploaded by

deepesh_tr
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Kubectl Autocomplete

$ source <(kubectl completion bash) # setup autocomplete in bash, bash-completion package should be
installed first.
$ source <(kubectl completion zsh) # setup autocomplete in zsh

Kubectl Context and Configuration


Set which Kubernetes cluster kubectl communicates with and modify configuration
information. See Authenticating Across Clusters with
kubeconfig documentation for detailed config file information.

$ kubectl config view # Show Merged kubeconfig settings.


# use multiple kubeconfig files at the same time and view merged config
$ KUBECONFIG=~/.kube/config:~/.kube/kubconfig2 kubectl config view
# Get the password for the e2e user
$ kubectl config view -o jsonpath='{.users[?(@.name == "e2e")].user.password}'
$ kubectl config current-context # Display the current-context
$ kubectl config use-context my-cluster-name # set the default context to my-cluster-name
# add a new cluster to your kubeconf that supports basic auth
$ kubectl config set-credentials kubeuser/foo.kubernetes.com --username=kubeuser --password=kubepassword
# set a context utilizing a specific username and namespace.
$ kubectl config set-context gce --user=cluster-admin --namespace=foo \
&& kubectl config use-context gce

Creating Objects
Kubernetes manifests can be defined in json or yaml. The file extension .yaml, .yml,

and .json can be used.

$ kubectl create -f ./my-manifest.yaml # create resource(s)


$ kubectl create -f ./my1.yaml -f ./my2.yaml # create from multiple files
$ kubectl create -f ./dir # create resource(s) in all manifest files in dir
$ kubectl create -f https://git.io/vPieo # create resource(s) from url
$ kubectl run nginx --image=nginx # start a single instance of nginx
$ kubectl explain pods,svc # get the documentation for pod and svc manifests
# Create multiple YAML objects from stdin
$ cat <<EOF | kubectl create -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: busybox-sleep
spec:
containers:
- name: busybox
image: busybox
args:
- sleep
- "1000000"
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: busybox-sleep-less
spec:
containers:
- name: busybox
image: busybox
args:
- sleep
- "1000"
EOF
# Create a secret with several keys
$ cat <<EOF | kubectl create -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: mysecret
type: Opaque
data:
password: $(echo "s33msi4" | base64)
username: $(echo "jane" | base64)
EOF

Viewing, Finding Resources


# Get commands with basic output
$ kubectl get services # List all services in the namespace
$ kubectl get pods --all-namespaces # List all pods in all namespaces
$ kubectl get pods -o wide # List all pods in the namespace, with more details
$ kubectl get deployment my-dep # List a particular deployment
# Describe commands with verbose output
$ kubectl describe nodes my-node
$ kubectl describe pods my-pod
$ kubectl get services --sort-by=.metadata.name # List Services Sorted by Name
# List pods Sorted by Restart Count
$ kubectl get pods --sort-by='.status.containerStatuses[0].restartCount'
# Get the version label of all pods with label app=cassandra
$ kubectl get pods --selector=app=cassandra rc -o \
jsonpath='{.items[*].metadata.labels.version}'
# Get ExternalIPs of all nodes
$ kubectl get nodes -o jsonpath='{.items[*].status.addresses[?(@.type=="ExternalIP")].address}'
# List Names of Pods that belong to Particular RC
# "jq" command useful for transformations that are too complex for jsonpath
$ sel=${$(kubectl get rc my-rc --output=json | jq -j '.spec.selector | to_entries | .[] |
"\(.key)=\(.value),"')%?}
$ echo $(kubectl get pods --selector=$sel --output=jsonpath={.items..metadata.name})
# Check which nodes are ready
$ JSONPATH='{range .items[*]}{@.metadata.name}:{range
@.status.conditions[*]}{@.type}={@.status};{end}{end}' \
&& kubectl get nodes -o jsonpath=$JSONPATH | grep "Ready=True"

Updating Resources
$ kubectl rolling-update frontend-v1 -f frontend-v2.json # Rolling update pods of frontend-v1
$ kubectl rolling-update frontend-v1 frontend-v2 --image=image:v2 # Change the name of the resource and
update the image
$ kubectl rolling-update frontend --image=image:v2 # Update the pods image of frontend
$ kubectl rolling-update frontend-v1 frontend-v2 --rollback # Abort existing rollout in progress
$ cat pod.json | kubectl replace -f - # Replace a pod based on the JSON
passed into stdin
# Force replace, delete and then re-create the resource. Will cause a service outage.
$ kubectl replace --force -f ./pod.json
# Create a service for a replicated nginx, which serves on port 80 and connects to the containers on port
8000
$ kubectl expose rc nginx --port=80 --target-port=8000
# Update a single-container pod's image version (tag) to v4
$ kubectl get pod mypod -o yaml | sed 's/\(image: myimage\):.*$/\1:v4/' | kubectl replace -f -
$ kubectl label pods my-pod new-label=awesome # Add a Label
$ kubectl annotate pods my-pod icon-url=http://goo.gl/XXBTWq # Add an annotation
$ kubectl autoscale deployment foo --min=2 --max=10 # Auto scale a deployment "foo"

Patching Resources
Patch a resource(s) with a strategic merge patch.

$ kubectl patch node k8s-node-1 -p '{"spec":{"unschedulable":true}}' # Partially update a node


# Update a container's image; spec.containers[*].name is required because it's a merge key
$ kubectl patch pod valid-pod -p '{"spec":{"containers":[{"name":"kubernetes-serve-hostname","image":"new
image"}]}}'
# Update a container's image using a json patch with positional arrays
$ kubectl patch pod valid-pod --type='json' -p='[{"op": "replace", "path": "/spec/containers/0/image",
"value":"new image"}]'
Editing Resources
The edit any API resource in an editor.

$ kubectl edit svc/docker-registry # Edit the service named docker-registry


$ KUBE_EDITOR="nano" kubectl edit svc/docker-registry # Use an alternative editor

Scaling Resources
$ kubectl scale --replicas=3 rs/foo # Scale a replicaset named 'foo' to 3
$ kubectl scale --replicas=3 -f foo.yaml # Scale a resource specified in
"foo.yaml" to 3
$ kubectl scale --current-replicas=2 --replicas=3 deployment/mysql # If the deployment named mysql's
current size is 2, scale mysql to 3
$ kubectl scale --replicas=5 rc/foo rc/bar rc/baz # Scale multiple replication
controllers

Deleting Resources
$ kubectl delete -f ./pod.json # Delete a pod using the type and name specified in
pod.json
$ kubectl delete pod,service baz foo # Delete pods and services with same names "baz" and
"foo"
$ kubectl delete pods,services -l name=myLabel # Delete pods and services with label name=myLabel
$ kubectl -n my-ns delete po,svc --all # Delete all pods and services in namespace my-ns

Interacting with running Pods


$ kubectl logs my-pod # dump pod logs (stdout)
$ kubectl logs my-pod -c my-container # dump pod container logs (stdout, multi-container
case)
$ kubectl logs -f my-pod # stream pod logs (stdout)
$ kubectl logs -f my-pod -c my-container # stream pod container logs (stdout, multi-container
case)
$ kubectl run -i --tty busybox --image=busybox -- sh # Run pod as interactive shell
$ kubectl attach my-pod -i # Attach to Running Container
$ kubectl port-forward my-pod 5000:6000 # Forward port 6000 of Pod to your to 5000 on your
local machine
$ kubectl exec my-pod -- ls / # Run command in existing pod (1 container case)
$ kubectl exec my-pod -c my-container -- ls / # Run command in existing pod (multi-container case)
$ kubectl top pod POD_NAME --containers # Show metrics for a given pod and its containers

Interacting with Nodes and Cluster


$ kubectl cordon my-node # Mark my-node as unschedulable
$ kubectl drain my-node # Drain my-node in preparation for
maintenance
$ kubectl uncordon my-node # Mark my-node as schedulable
$ kubectl top node my-node # Show metrics for a given node
$ kubectl cluster-info # Display addresses of the master
and services
$ kubectl cluster-info dump # Dump current cluster state to
stdout
$ kubectl cluster-info dump --output-directory=/path/to/cluster-state # Dump current cluster state to
/path/to/cluster-state
# If a taint with that key and effect already exists, its value is replaced as specified.
$ kubectl taint nodes foo dedicated=special-user:NoSchedule

Resource types
The following table includes a list of all the supported resource types and their abbreviated
aliases.

Resource type Abbreviated alias


clusters

componentstatuses cs
configmaps cm
daemonsets ds
deployments deploy
endpoints ep
event ev
horizontalpodautoscalers hpa
ingresses ing
jobs

limitranges limits
namespaces ns
networkpolicies

nodes no
statefulsets

persistentvolumeclaims pvc
persistentvolumes pv
pods po
podsecuritypolicies psp
podtemplates

replicasets rs
replicationcontrollers rc
resourcequotas quota
cronjob

secrets

serviceaccount sa
services svc
storageclasses

thirdpartyresources

Formatting output
To output details to your terminal window in a specific format, you can add either the -o or -

outputflags to a supported kubectl command.

Output format Description


-o=custom-columns=<spec> Print a table using a comma separated list of custom columns
-o=custom-columns- Print a table using the custom columns template in the <filename> file
file=<filename>
-o=json Output a JSON formatted API object
-o=jsonpath=<template> Print the fields defined in a jsonpath expression
-o=jsonpath-file=<filename> Print the fields defined by the jsonpath expression in the <filename> file
-o=name Print only the resource name and nothing else
-o=wide Output in the plain-text format with any additional information, and for pods, the
node name is included
-o=yaml Output a YAML formatted API object

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