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Rolling Resistance

The document discusses rolling resistance, which refers to the forces that cause a rolling wheel to slow down even without friction or air resistance. It is mainly due to deformation of the wheel and surface, as the contact area between them is not just a single point. Experimental evidence shows the ground force on the wheel acts at a point, and a horizontal force at the center is needed to keep it rolling at constant speed. The coefficient of rolling resistance, usually expressed in mm, is the ratio between this horizontal force and the wheel's weight. Two example problems are given to demonstrate calculating the coefficient.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
49 views3 pages

Rolling Resistance

The document discusses rolling resistance, which refers to the forces that cause a rolling wheel to slow down even without friction or air resistance. It is mainly due to deformation of the wheel and surface, as the contact area between them is not just a single point. Experimental evidence shows the ground force on the wheel acts at a point, and a horizontal force at the center is needed to keep it rolling at constant speed. The coefficient of rolling resistance, usually expressed in mm, is the ratio between this horizontal force and the wheel's weight. Two example problems are given to demonstrate calculating the coefficient.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Rolling resistance

The term rolling resistance refers to the forces acting on a rolling wheel that
cause it to slow down and stop, even when axle friction and air resistance are
negligible.

If the wheel is rolling without sliding, there is no relative motion at the point of
contact between the wheel and the horizontal surface. But, in practice the
resistance to the rolling motion exists. It is mainly due to the deformation of
both the wheel and the surface - Therefore the contact between the wheel and
the ground is not limited to a single point but extends over an area.

Experimental evidence shows that the resultant R of the forces exerted by the
ground on the wheel is applied at point B. To balance the moment of W about
B and to keep the wheel rolling at constant speed, it is necessary to apply a
horizontal force P at the center of the wheel.
For ΣMB = 0, P r cos ϴ = Wb

For small angles cos ϴ = 1;

So Pr = Wb, where b = co-efficient of rolling resistance - usually expressed


in mm.

Example problem 1: A 10 kg steel wheel of radius 100 mm begins to roll down


when 𝜃 = 1.20. Determine the co-efficient of rolling resistance.

Solution:

For ΣMA = 0;

98.1 cos 1.20 (a) ― 98.1 sin 1.20 (100 cos 1.20) = 0;

Please note cos 1.20 = 0.9997 =1;

98.1 cos 1.20 (a) ― 98.1 sin 1.20 (100) = 0

Ans: a = 2.1 mm
Example problem 2: A wheel 300 mm in diameter carries a load of 12 kn. If a
horizontal force of 120 N is necessary to move it over a level surface, determine
the co-efficient of rolling resistance.

Solution: d = 300 mm; r = 300/2 = 150 mm, W = 12 kN = 12000 N, P = 120N

Pr = Wb;

120 x 150 = 12000 b;

So b = 1.5 mm.

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