CANTILAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS

Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

Approval Sheet

This Research Paper entitled SCHOOL DROPOUT: IT’S EFFECT TO THE

EMPLOYMENT, CRIME INVOVEMENT AND SOCIAL INTERACTION OF THE OUT
OF SCHOOL YOUTH OF BRGY. SAN PEDRO is prepared and submitted by IRAH A.
MARANDACAN, MARY JESSA L. DUMAS, JEROME ORILLANEDA, and DIANE
PEARL RUBI in partial fulfillment of the requirement in Practical Research 2.

JOHN REY O. BONITE

Adviser

Approved in partial fulfilment of the Requirement in Practical Research 2 by the

Research Committee with a Rating of PASSED

ELAINE GRACE PLAZA JECEL MARIE CONSIGNA

Member Member

JOHN MANUEL C. BUNIEL

Chairperson

Accepted in partial fulfilment of the requirement in Capstone Research

April 2019 JOHN MANUEL C.BUNIEL

Date Research Coordinator

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 CANTILAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

ABSTRACT

MARY JESSA L. DUMAS

IRAH A. MARANDACAN
JEROME ORILLANEDA
DIANE PEARL RUBI

“SCHOOL DROPOUT: IT’S EFFECT TO THE EMPLOYMENT, CRIME INVOVEMENT

AND SOCIAL INTERACTION OF THE OUT OF SCHOOL YOUTH OF BRGY. SAN
PEDRO”

Keywords: School Dropout

Out of School Youth of Brgy. San Pedro

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Foremost, the researchers are very much thankful to the Almighty God for his

never-ending support, guidance and blessings He has always bestowed upon them.

The researchers are also grateful to the Almighty God for the knowledge and patience

He has engraved to them that has served as their key to continue the study.

The researchers also acknowledge the following persons who have rendered

assistance making this vigorous piece of work possible:

Mr. John Manuel Buniel, the researcher’s adviser, for his assistance and

guidance all throughout the study. His suggestions and corrections are indeed great

help to the completion of the study.

To their parents who have endlessly given their moral, spiritual, and financial

support to make this study a success.

To the respondents, for their willingness in answering the survey questions.

To their classmates and friends who unselfishly shared their knowledge and in

giving us additional information.

The Researchers

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

DEDICATION

The piece of achievement is heartily dedicated to those who love, trust, and inspired the
researchers in making this study possible. Also to our loving parents and family who did
not gave up all of their support to us.

Irah
Jessa
Jerome
Diane

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 CANTILAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction

The problem of school dropout has been felt by almost if not all countries around

the world. This social phenomenon has affected negatively on the children or the youth

in the world. According to Acquilano (2009), a student who failed to graduate from high

school experiences a tremendous loss of income over a lifetime. This means that, while

such children are supposed to be in school, they rather engage in those menial

activities during school hours. Moreover, news reported by a TV3 news reporter on

June 2006 revealed that, most of the children have dropped out due to certain issues

such as parents not paying fees, non-performance and the likes.

Education is a human right as guaranteed under the United Nations Convention

on the rights of the child. This Convention is the most commonly ratified international

agreement in the world today. Education is not simply ahuman right in itself, but it is

also an indispensable means of realizing other human rights (UN, 2001). In thisregard,

the World Conference on Education for All held in March 1990 in Jomitien, Thailand

marked a newbegin in the worldwide journey to universalize basic education and wipe

out illiteracy (Haddad et al. 1990).Similarly, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

set a target of achieving universal primary education bythe year 2015. Again, it is

captured in the global Sustainable Development Goals which aim at achieving universal

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 CANTILAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

primary education for children everywhere able to complete a full course of primary

schooling.

The United Nations entered into the agreement to pursue six(6) goals to achieve

some standards to education in place by 2015 worldwide. One of its goals is to provide

free and compulsory primary education for all or the EFA’. This means that all youth are

given the chance to be able to enter school for free amenities from the government. But

according to the 2016 Annual Poverty Indicators Survey of the Philippine Statistics

Authority showed that 3.8 million-or one in 10- Filipinos aged 6 to 24 years old are not in

school or are drop outs. Poverty will always be the main factor why youth drop out from

school. Other factors such as personal, family, school problems and community factors

fall as second.

According to UNICEF & UNESCO, (2011), school dropouts refer to children who

were enrolled in school but have left school before completion. Dropping out from

school is related to a variety of factors that can be classified in four categories, namely:

individual, family, school, and community factors. Individual factors are attributed to their

personal problems, influence and choices. Family factors are the insufficient support of

their parents financially or emotionally. School factors are classified as their problems

on schools, their peers and teachers. Lastly, the community factors, the influences they

acquired from the people that surrounds them.

In Cantilan, school dropout is not exempted at all with respect to the fact that a lot of

children are tambay on the streets, some are selling in the streets in traffics during

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

school hours which is child labour. The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of

being a dropout to the life live of the youth. The factors classified aforementioned will

serve as the effect that influence why they dropout. Effects to their life goals will be

answered and will also be given enough attention.

Theoretical Framework

The study anchored on seven theories: Maslow’s hierarchy of needs;

McClelland’s learned need theory; expectancy-value theory; scarcity of resources; self-

determination theory, Preference theory and Filipino personal values.

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory which identifies priorities set by every person

considers human needs in ascending hierarchy based on importance starting from

physiological or basic physical needs; then security and safety needs; belonging and

social needs; esteem and status needs; and self-actualization and fulfilment needs

(Lorenzana, 2003). Thus, the theory presupposes that an OSY has a goal or aspiration

which is basically his/her need or priority. 3416 The Qualitative Report 2017.

McClelland (1961) in his learned needs theory had categorized the needs of a

person into three which are the following: (a) need for achievement, (b) need for

affiliation, (c) and need for power. These seeds serve as basis for behaviour and

motivation. A similar view is held by the expectancy-value theory of Atkinson, Fishbein,

Eccles, Wigfield, and Tonks as cited in Chauncey (n.d.), which describes that a person

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

is goal-oriented and the behaviour that a person performs in response to his/her beliefs

and values are undertaken to achieve a goal or purpose.

The theory of scarcity of resources cited by Villegas (1991) holds that a person

has a multitude of desires and aspirations. If an OSY has only one aspiration, say to be

able to finish college education, and then it would only necessitate funds availability for

education and no need to worry about other attendant needs. Attainment of aspirations

of the OSY is likewise held in the theory of self-determination of Deci and Ryan (2008,

as cited in Tran, 2014) when they said that a person must be in control of one’s own life,

interact effectively with the environment, and form connections and relationships and

the kind of motivation for the fulfilment of one’s need or priority can either be internal or

external to the self that initiates, presses, or coerces one’s action.

The preference theory cited by Viray, Marcelino, Bato, and Bautista (2015) holds

that people have various preferences which are determined by age, income, education,

gender, occupation, customs and traditions, and culture. Accordingly, the aspiration set

by an OSY is a matter of preference. Since OSY differ in preferences or choices, it can

be generalized that no two of them could have exactly the same aspirations, whether

simple or sophisticated (Viray et al., 2015).

The Filipino personal values like self-help and self-responsibility, which are

positive; or passivity (bahala-na) which is negative, and other personal values represent

the rules of a culture that govern a person’s thoughts, feelings, and actions (Mercado,

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

2009). An OSY will either fail or succeed in his or her aspiration depending on one’s

personal values.

Further analysisof the study will be discussedin the schematic diagram wherein

the first box carries the respondents which are the identified Out of School Youth of

Brgy. San Pedro while the second box shows the assessment in the effects of school

dropout among the out of school youth of Brgy. San Pedro through the distribution of

survey questionnaires and interviews to the respondents in order for the researchers to

identify the effects of school dropout on the lives of the youth of Brgy. San Pedro. The

researchers also provided an output which is the determination of the effect of school

dropout among the youth of Brgy. San Pedro.

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

Assessment on the
following:

Socio Economic  Factors that

Profile of the Out of influence the
School Youth of Brgy. school dropout
San Pedro in terms  Extent of effects of
of: dropping out school
to the youth of Seminar/ Workshop
1.1. Age Brgy. San Pedro. In on Effects of School
1.2. Sex terms of: Dropout
1.3. Educational 1. Employment
Attainment 2. Crime
(Parent) Involvement
1.4. Monthly 3. Social
Family Income Interaction
 Coping
Strategies

Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of the Study

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 CANTILAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

Statement of the Problem

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of school dropout on the lives of the

youth in Brgy. San Pedro:

The study specifically seeks to:

1. What is the socio economic profile of the respondents?

1.1 Age

1.2 Sex

1.3 Educational Attainment (Parent)

1.4 Monthly Family Income

2. What are the factors that influence the school dropout of the youth in Brgy. San

Pedro?

3. What is the extent of effects of dropping out school to the youth of Brgy. San

Pedro. In terms of:

3.1 Employment

3.2 Crime Involvement

3.3 Social Interaction

4. Is there a significant relationship between the profile of the respondents and the

effects that influence the dropout?

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

5. What design program or intervention that can be made to address existing

problem?

Hypothesis

At 0.05 level of significance it is hypothesized, that there is a significant

relationship between the profile of the respondents and the effects that influence the

dropout of the youth in Brgy. San Pedro.

Significance of the Study

The result of this study is being significant to the following persons:

To the Community: Through this study, the people will be able to get information about

the negative effects of school dropping upon the aspirations of the out of school youth.

Students: Upon this study, the students will realize the importance of having good

education and to continue their aspiration as a student.

Out of School Youth:With this study, the rural youth can have an aspiration for

education; through this they can achieve their goals. The OSY of Brgy.Magosilom

offered with the opportunity to get educated just within the place.

Government: Through this study, government will make a solution in order for the

youth to have a better education and offered new program for them.

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

Teachers: By means of this study, they will know the common problems by Out-of-

School Youth and will be able to help the people who dropped instead of continuing

their study.

Future Researchers: Owing to this study, they will probably decide that this topic is so

important to research for. They will be alarmed and will probably search for some things

that the society needs to figure out.

Scopes and Limitation

This study basically concerns on the effects of school dropout in the lives among

the youth of Brgy. San Pedro

Likewise, this study focuses on the Out-of-School of Brgy. San Pedro. This

research paper will covers the school year 2019-2020, other concerns that are not

related to the topic are no longer part of this research.

Definition of Terms

The terms of this study are being defined conceptually and operationally for better

understanding of the terminologies:

Dropouts: those who are not able to finish their studies.

Drop out: to withdraw from participation or stopping from going to school

Education: dropouts should have this one to achieve their aspirations.

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

Financial Shortage: the incapable of sustaining the needs of a certain family to support

the youth in finishing school.

Poverty – it is prevailing in populated areas that may lead the students to dropout from

school.

Socio-Economic Status- define the decision of many young people to proceed to or

leave the school

Studying – the state of acquiring information to further understand something.

Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This study discusses the procedures in order to achieve the objectives of the

study. The study used the method which includes the following: research design, locale,

respondents and sampling technique, research instrument, data location and

procedures, and transcript and matrices.

Research Design

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

This is a descriptive evaluative type research since respondents are identified

out-of-school youth. We are also using quantitative form of survey to the respondents.

This design will help us determined the effects of school dropping to the employment,

crime involvement and social interaction of the out of school youth in Brgy. San Pedro.

Locale

This study was conducted at the locality of Cantilan, from the province of Surigao

del Sur. Survey was conducted at identified rural barangays in the community that

contain out-of-school youth.

Respondents and Sampling Technique

The respondents of the study were the identified OSY of Brgy. San Pedro. The

sample consisted of ten out-of-school youths. Individual interviews were held with ten of

the youths. During the conceptualization of the study, ten participants were envisaged

for individual interviews. Consideration was later given to the desirability of conducting

both individual interviews and a focus-group interview. All participants were aged

between 17 and 32 years. The National Youth Policy (1996) defines the youth as being

between 14 and 35 years. The participants dropped out of school between elementary

grade and tertiary.

Therefore, it is more interesting to determine the effects of school dropping to

employment, crime involvement and social interaction of the school dropouts.

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

Research Instrument

The research instrument used in this study Is the quantitative survey

questionnaire. This is a tool developed by the researchers that was used to gather the

important data needed in the present study. The first part of the questionnaire was all

about the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of age, sex, educational

attainment (parents), and family income. The second part of the survey questionnaire

was all about the factors that influence in dropping out school. The third part , was all

about the main point of the study which are the effects of school dropping to

employment, crime involvement, and social interaction among the youth of Brgy. San

Pedro. The fourth part was all about the ways in coping up grief due to the effects of

school dropping. Lastly, was about the significant relationship between the profile of the

respondents and the effects that influence the dropout.

Data Collection and Procedures

In gathering the relevant data for the study, the following procedures were

followed:

The survey questionnaires developed by the researchers were distributed randomly to

targeted respondents which were the out of school youth of the said barangay and were

given enough time to answer the questionnaires with the presence of the researchers.

The questionnaires were administered and retrieved personally by the researchers after

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

the questionnaires have been filled up. The data collected were then tallied and

recorded.

Statistical Treatment

The data were tallied and recorded accordingly. The result was analysed and

interpreted using the appropriate treatment as follows:

The Simple Percentage. This was used to identify the most common factors that

influence the school dropouts.

Weighted Mean. This was utilized to determine the extent of effects of dropping

out school to the youth of Brgy. San Pedro.

Pearson R/Correlation. This was applied in determining if there is a significant

relationship between the profile of the respondents and the effects that influence the

dropout.

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

Chapter 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Table 1: Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of

Age Sex Family’s Monthly Income

17-19 23-28 30-35 Male Female P5,000- P10,001- P15,001- P20,001 and

10,000 15,000 20,000 above

7 8 15 15 15 23 5 2 0

The table shows the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of age, sex,

and family’s monthly income. Seven (7) of the respondents are 17 to 19 years old, eight

(8) of them are 23 to 28 years old and 15 of them are 30 and above. Fifteen (15)

respondents are male and fifteen (15) of the respondents are female. Twenty-three of

the respondents has a family monthly income ranging from P5,000-10,000, five (5)

respondents has a family monthly income ranging from P10,001-15,000, and two (2) of

the respondents has a family monthly income of P30,001 and above.

Table 2 : Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

Table 3: Causes of Dropping out

Causes of Dropping Out %

Teenage Pregnancy

Poor Academic

Performance

Unhealthy Condition

Bad Vices

Sickness and Death of

Parents

Low Income of Family

Feed and distance to

school

Child Labour

School Fees & others

Financial Problem

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

Table 4: Effects of Dropping out School to the Employment of the OSY

Employment Weighted Mean Verbal Interpretation

1. School dropouts have problems
3 Has less effect
securing employment.
2. School dropouts are more likely to
3 Has less effect
be employed in a low-income job.
3. Most unemployed are school
2.7 Has less effect
dropouts.
Total 2.9 Has less effect

Legend: 1.00-1.75 – Has no effect

1.75-2.50 – Has lesser effect

2.51-3.25 – Has less effect

3.26-4.00 – Has great effect

The table shows the effects of dropping out school to the employment, crime

involvement and social interaction of the Out of School youth of Brgy. San Pedro. In the

table of employment the highest effects experienced because of dropping out was

having problem in securing employments and employed in a low-income job with a

weighted mean of 3 and a verbal interpretation of less effect. The lowest is most

unemployed are school dropouts with a weighted mean of 2.7 and a verbal

interpretation of less effect.

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

Table 5: Effects of Dropping out School to the Crime Involvement of the OSY

Crime Involvement Weighted Mean Verbal Interpretation

1. Have you been involved in a crime? 1.43 Has no effect
2. Most involved in crime are school
2.13 Has lesser effect
dropouts
3. Local authorities are doing enough
to prevent people from committing 2.9 Has less effect
crimes.
Total 2.15 Has less effect

Legend: 1.00-1.75 – Has no effect

1.75-2.50 – Has lesser effect

2.51-3.25 – Has less effect

3.26-4.00 – Has great effect

With regards to crime involvement, the highest is the local authorities are doing

enough to prevent people from committing crimes with a weighted mean of 2.9 and a

verbal interpretation of less effect. The lowest is being involved in crime with a weighted

mean of 1. 43 and a verbal interpretation of no effect.

The majority authenticates the finding of Hunt et al., (2007) which showed that

dropouts make up uneven percentages of every nation's prisons and death row

inmates. This indicates that most dropouts engage in bad deeds.

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

Table 6: Effects of Dropping out School to the Social Interaction of the OSY

Social Interaction Weighted Mean Verbal Interpretation

1. Uncomfortable meeting colleagues
2.93 Has no effect
if there is a batch reunion.
2. Is there an embarrassment on
yourself if there is a family gathering
2.96 Has less effect
when some of your professional
relatives are present?
3. Is there a hindrance of you in
meeting and talking to a business 2.7 Has lesser effect
meeting?
Total 2.86 Has less effect

Legend: 1.00-1.75 – Has no effect

1.75-2.50 – Has lesser effect

2.51-3.25 – Has less effect

3.26-4.00 – Has great effect

In terms of social interaction, the highest is embarrassment in self if there is a

family gathering was professional relatives is present with a weighted mean of 2.96 and

a verbal interpretation of less effect. The lowest is hindrance in talking and meeting to a

business meeting with a weighted mean of 2.17 and a verbal interpretation of 2.7 and a

verbal interpretation of lesser effect.

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

Ketch (2005) contends, “Conversation helps individuals make sense of their

world. It helps to build empathy, understanding, respect for different opinions, and

ownership of the learning process” (p. 8). Almasi and Gambrell (1997) believe

“participation in peer discussions improves students’ ability to monitor their

understanding of text, to verbalize their thoughts, to consider alternative perspectives,

and to assume responsibility for their own learning” (p. 152).

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

Table 7: Coping strategies in addressing dropping out of school among the Out
of School Youth

Coping Strategies Weighted Mean Verbal Interpretation

1. Free and compulsory education can

3.93 Great effect
help minimize school dropout.
2. There must be a law that will bind Less effect
3.2
parents to take up their responsibility.
3. Gaining access to loans by parents can Great effect
3.6
help reduce school dropout.
4. Well trained and competent teachers, Great effect
as well as responsible parenting, can 3.7

help minimize school dropout.

5. Take the Alternative Learning System Less effect
(ALS) and Technical Education and 2.7

Skills Development Authority (TESDA).

Total 3.42 Great effect

Legend: 1.00-1.75 – Has no effect

1.75-2.50 – Has lesser effect

2.51-3.25 – Has less effect

3.26-4.00 – Has great effect

The table shows the coping strategies in addressing dropouts among the Out of

School Youth. The highest coping strategy is free and compulsory education can

minimize the school dropout with a weighted mean of 3.93 and a verbal interpretation of

great effect. The lowest is take the the Alternative Learning System (ALS) and

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) with a weighted mean

of 2.7 and a verbal interpretation of less effect. The coping strategy in addressing the

existing problem is verbally interpreted of having great effect and a grand mean of 3.42.

As proposed by Ersado in 2005, this affects those in the rural communities as

loans become very difficult to access. This infers that implementation of students loan

policy is very important. The majority of the respondents were with the view that, all

levels of education in Ghana must be free and compulsory as it is very hard for many

people to provide for themselves mere three square meals in a day. It means that,

poverty has inhibited many parents to send their wards to school so education being

free would be to their advantage.

With respect to responsible parenting, the emphasis was on monitoring,

accountability and incentive as evident in the study of Banerjee and Duflo (2006);

Birsdall et al., (2005), which revealed that, it is important to improve monitoring,

accountability systems and motivation. This implies that, teachers need to have certain

attributes and skills in order to make them proactive in discharging their duties.

According to human capital theory, education has become one of the key

development objectives in recent times. Therefore, it was imperative to examine the rate

at which school dropout is enlarging as this has become one of the major factors

hindering the nation’s development. The study confirms that poverty, poor academic

performance, teenage pregnancy and broken homes as well as poor parental care are

some of the major causes of school dropout. Besides, it has been manifested that

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

problems securing employment, low income job and destruction of bright future of the

young people are associated with school dropout. Finally, gaining access to loans, free

and compulsory education, and enactment of law for responsible parenting and well

trained as well as competent teachers can help minimize school dropout.

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

PROPOSED INTERVENTION PROGRAM TO PREVENT SCHOOL DROPOUTS

AMONG THE OUT OF SCHOOL YOUTH OF BRGY. SAN PEDRO

Program Tittle:

SEMINAR/WORKSHOP ON OUT OF SCHOOL YOUTH

Proponents:

Dumas, Mary Jessa L., Marandacan, Irah A., Orillianeda, Jerome,

Ruby, Diane Pearl

Participants:

30 Selected Out of School Youth of Brgy. San Pedro

Date:

March 20, 2020 (Friday) @ 8:00 a.m to 5:00 p.m

Venue:

The seminar will be conducted at Cantilan, Surigao del Sur. The topics and

activities will require through lecture and discussions to reach at comprehensive

judgement and a very appropriate alternative courses of action. This will require the use

of facilities and appropriate space for purposes of workshops where participants feel

comfortable in the conduct of this activity.

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

Chapter II

Review of Related Literature

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

The following literature mapped out the context of the OSY’s aspirations and its

connectivity with the theoretical perspective of the study, and from the same literatures

thethemes of the study had evolved.

Education is the primary weapon, a powerful driver of development and strong

instrument for reducing poverty (World Bank, 2008). On April 2011, World Bank

launched its Education Strategy 2020,Learning for All: Investingin People’s Knowledge

and Skills to Promote Development, a road map for the next 10 years that focused

onincreasing learning for all by investing early, smartly and investing for all.

Learning for all means giving all peopleequitable opportunities to acquire the

knowledge and skills they need to have healthy and satisfying lives, to be goodcitizens,

and to be productive contributors to their countries’ economic development hence it

becomes a tool inempowering individual to contribute change and improve their way of

living and their personal successes(Pogoy and Montalbo, 2012).Educational quality

contributes to greater productivity and competitiveness, leading to greatereconomic

growth (Committee for Economic Development, 2005; Moretti, 2004; National Center for

Public Policyand Higher Education, 2008; Shapiro, 2006).

Dropping out from school continues to be a phenomenon in the Philippine

education in spite of the fact that every year the government through school authorities

dovetails efforts todrumbeat the importance of education in human life. Every school

year, reports showedincidences of dropouts among students especially in rural areas,

and these dropouts who arelacking in saleable skills end up as nonfunctional and

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

unproductive manpower in the society.InSalcedo, Eastern Samar alone, the number of

OSY reported by the Department of SocialWelfare and Development as of 2015 has a

total of 2,628 (Office of Student Affairs, 2016).

The OSY, usually 12-35 years old, are a neglected group receiving very thin

support from the government and non-government organizations (F. O. Escala,

personal communication, March 20, 2016; Leavy& Smith, 2010). Although neglected,

this group ofpeople requires the opportunity for better life (Concepcion, 2012). McCaul

(as cited in Haas,1992) described the rural dropouts as having low self-esteem and

lacking with sense of controlover their own lives.

Aspirations of the youth as described in the foregoing literatures focused on

educational aspirations. This seems to emphasize that education is the foundation of

other aspirations ofhuman being. Same literatures mentioned economic, social, and

cultural factors which definedthe decision of the youth to either proceed or leave the

school, such as poverty, distance fromthe residence to the school, problem with certain

subject, pregnancy, work to support thefamily, bad vices and peer pressure, distant

parents, poor teaching, laziness, high cost oftransportation and school supplies,

emotional attachment, attitude and values, and role models.

Chapter III

Research Methodology

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

Research Design

Thisis a qualitative research using a study design. A case study is an approach

to qualitative research that facilitates exploration of a phenomenon within its context

using a variety of data sources. It ensures that the issue is not explored through one

lens but rather a variety of lenses which allows for multiple facets of the phenomenon to

be revealed and understood (Baxter & Jack, 2008, p. 544). It is an in-depth examination

of a particular case or several cases (Lichtman, 2013, as cited in Wa-Mbaleka, 2016).

Locale

This study was conducted at the locality of Cantilan, from the province of Surigao

del Sur. Survey was conducted at identified rural barangays in the community that

contain out-of-school youth.

Respondents and Sampling Technique

Chosen respondents for this study are selected Out of School youth; these

include, only those OSY identified must only be from Brgy. Magosilom. In effect, the

selection of the participants was purposive, to ascertain appropriate information for the

topic under exploration.

The sample consisted of ten out-of-school youths. Individual interviews were held

with ten of the youths. During the conceptualization of the study, ten participants were

envisaged for individual interviews. Consideration was later given to the desirability of

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

conducting both individual interviews and a focus-group interview. All participants were

aged between 17 and 32 years. The National Youth Policy (1996) defines the youth as

being between 14 and 35 years. The participants dropped out of school between

elementary grade and tertiary.

Purposive sampling was used in this study. Purposive sampling is a non-

probability sampling method (Saunders et al, 2003). The basis for the identification of

respondents is anchored to Crouch and McKenzie (2006) proposal that less than 20

participants in a qualitative study helps a researcher build and maintain a close

relationship and thus improve the open and frank exchange of information. Moreover,

the considered ideal sample size is 15-20 individual respondents.

Research Instrument

The research instrument of the study is a self-made questionnaire made by the

researchers. The questionnaire will have the background information which includes

his/her name (optional), gender(Male/Female), age, and his/her educational attainment.

The next part of the questionnaire holds the questions regarding the purpose of

the study. These questions are based on the problems the researchers are trying to

address and may be referred to the objectives.

An affixation from the respondent is also included as the last part of the

questionnaire. This upholds the respondent’s signature, and his/her date of input.

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

Data Collection and Procedures

The date gathering of this study started on the month of November 2018.

Self-made questionnaires by the researchers containing necessary questions with

regards to this study’s aim were distributed to10 identified out of school youth of Brgy.

Magosilom.The questionnaires were then answered by the respondents. After gathering

data from the conducted survey, the researchers then proceeded to interpreting the

data gathered.

Transcripts and Matrices

Numerous records of data were expected to be carried out from the observations

and interview the researchers will have with the selected informants/respondents. This

data will used as the foundation of this study.

It will start with the distribution of researchers-made questionnaire to the selected

respondents. They will answer the questionnaires by their own point of view about the

topic, and can use any dialect they are comfortable with. After the written interviews, the

researchers will have small vocals interviews with the respondents’ for more information

to be gathered. An audio recorder will be used for the researchers to be able to have an

exact copy of what is said. After the interviews, they will collect the questionnaires and

will start interpreting the data from the informants/respondents’ answers, both from the

questionnaires and the recordings.

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

All answer will be translated to the universal language having the exact point of

the answer remain unchanged. Dissemination of ideas will be conducted, where

answers are classified according to their similarities, and will be summarized. Significant

phrases and remarks will be considered as thematic statements, and will be categorized

to show connection with the formulated essential themes. The ideas will then be written

according to where it belongs with regards to the topic of the study.

Chapter IV

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data

Matrix Presentation

Table 1.Reasons of why they dropped instead of continuing their study

Essential Statements Thematic Statements

 Early marriage

Reasons of why they dropped instead of  Family Factors

continuing their study  Uncomfortable with classmates

 Lack of interest in school

 Bad vices

 Prioritize to find a job than studying

Reasons of why they dropped instead of continuing their study

One of the important objectives that should be answered in order to meet the goal of

this study is to find out the reasons why they drop out instead of studying.

The survey revealed that the reasons include early marriage, family problems, the

students who are uncomfortable with the classmate, lack of interest in school and bad

vices such as computer addiction, smoking and drinking alcoholic drinks.

The result of this study can be related to McCaul (as cited in Haas,1992)

described the rural dropouts as having low self-esteem and lacking with sense of

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

controlover their own lives. It can be related to a study of Fernandez and Abocejo

(2014) discovered that poverty incidence is strongly associated with the number of

working children not attending school. Poverty commands the children to leave the

school early and force them to become laborers. School-age children are tempted to

work because of short term income opportunities, and they have taken on the

responsibility of augmenting the household income and of providing the needs of their

households. The existence of the OSY in the community naturally co-exists and goes

together with poverty.

Table 2. Factors of dropping out from school to the socio economic status of OSY

Essential Statements Thematic Statements

Effects of dropping out from school to the  Regrets and being shy in not

aspiration and socio-economic situation of completing studies

the family on the aspiration of the Out-of-  More connected with social

School Youth of Brgy. Magsilom happenings that may lessen the

interest of the dropouts

 Financial problems

 Too much school requirements

 Low socio-economic status

Effects of dropping out from school to the socio-economic situation of the family

on the aspiration of the Out-of-School Youth of Brgy.Magsilom

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

Another essential theme to be considered is the effects of dropping out of school

and the current socio-economic status

Answers revealed that dropping out from school affect the socio-economic status

of an individual. One respondent said that he regrets and shy to others who achieve life

goals and have a stable job. Alsoin terms of social aspect he drop out affect them for it

lessen their interest in school. On the other hand, if the parents can support the needs

of the students, they can prioritize studying than hanging out with friends. Aside from

financial needs, the parents should educate their children about the possible effects of

early marriage and bad vices. It appears from the majority of the responses that low

socio-economic condition has caused theyouth to drop out from school.

Moreover, the result of this study is related to the study of Concepcion (2012)

stressed that poor socio-economic conditions hinder the youth in attaining aspiration

being saddled with multi-lateral pressures such as poverty, child laborwhich is done in

order to subsist, bad peer pressure and other similar factors which can paralyzethe

pursuit of aspiration.

Table 3.Common problems of the Out-of-School Youth of the

Brgy.Magosilom

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

Essential Statements Thematic Statements

Common problems of the Out-of-School  Financial shortage

Youth of the Brgy. Magosilom  Unsupportable parents

 Personal problems

Common problems of the Out-of-School Youth of the Brgy.Magosilom

In line with the main point of the study, the researchers seek answers to know

the common problems of the Out-of-School.

Answers from the respondents revealed that the common problems they’ve

encountered are the financial shortage, one of the respondents answered she can’t

continue studying for she can’t pay her tuition. Moreover, they have no money for

transportation, requirements, and even for their personal needs that cause for personal

problems. In addition, some youth have a lack of support from their parents. That is

why those youth doesn’t have the courage to go to school.

The study that can be linked to the study of (Fernandez &Abocejo, 2014), the

condition of quitting from school before earning a high school diploma makes the

disadvantaged young people unprepared for the world of work and makes them the

subject of high risk of poverty. Some students quit because of problems with a certain

subject, some because of pregnancy, and others because they must work to support

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

their family. These dropouts revealed that their parents have little schooling, thus

revealing a multigenerational cycle of disadvantaged people. Social class and socio-

economic status define the decision of many young people to proceed to or leave the

school (Macionis, 2007).

4. Intervention Proposed to lessen School Dropping to the Life Goals among Out

of School Youth

Title: Reaching and Serving Out of School Youth in Brgy. Magosilom

Objectives

This seminar aims to:

 Raise awareness to all the dropouts in the community about the programs

offered by government like alternative learning system(ALS) that will provide all

Filipinos the chance to have access to and complete basic education in a mode

that fits their distinct situations and needs and Technical Educational Skills

Development Authority(TESDA) that will set direction, promulgates relevant

standards, and implements programs geared towards a quality-assured and

inclusive technical education and skills development and certification system.

 To let them know the importance of education for them to achieve their

aspirations in life.

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 CANTILAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

 To encourage the out of school youth to take Alternative Learning System(ALS)

and Technical Education Skills Development Authority(TESDA) to get a stable

job with high salary to be able to sustain the needs of their family.

 Improve strategies and responses to incidences of dropping out

 Wide dissemination of the resulting program

Participants:

Programme

I. Doxology

II. Philippine National Anthem

III. Opening Remarks

IV. Introduction of First Speaker

V. Lecture Proper

VI. Workshop

VII. Break

VIII. Introduction of Second Speaker

IX. Lecture Proper

X. Awarding of Certificate of Appreciation

and Token to the Guest Speakers

XI. Closing Remarks

XII. Closing Prayer

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

Masters of Ceremony:

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

The conduct of this study revealed several reasons of why they dropped out

instead of continuing their study and how important is finishing school. Thoughts from

the selected respondents from the identified respondents during a group discussion

were outspoken.

Respondent A uttered.

“Pinakaunananiundangakokaysajaunsajonapagminjo.Sanandiliakointeresadomut

unghakay di akointeresado mag tuon.”

I dropout from school because of early marriage. I also have a very small interest

in studying. Bad study habits.

Respondent B added

“Angrasonnaniundangakosapagtunghasaskuylahantungodsaproblemasakwartas

anan personal naproblemasapamilya.Ikaduwa,

naimpluwensyahanakongakomgabarkadanamuibansailakaysamutungha.”

The reason on why I dropout from school because of family and financial

problems. And I was influence by my buddies to join them instead of going to

school.

Respondent C also responded,

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 CANTILAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

“Niundangakounakay way akganasapagtungha,

mahinayakoutoksapagtunghasanannaadikakosa computer games

sananjauymgabisyohaudngpaginom-inomsananpanigarilyo.”

I dropout in school because I’m a slow learner and addicted to games and some

other bad vices like drinking alcoholic drinks and smoking.

Respondent J replied to the question

“Importanteanpagtunghaparamakakt-on nan hibayosananparamakatabangsapag

abut nan atumarajawnakaugmaonkasolamankuyang an am pamilya nan

kwartaparamakaskuylaako. Wayaakomakatapuspagtunghakaymastagtagaanko

nanorasanpagtrabahoparamasuportahanangpanginahanglan nan akopamilya.”

It is important to go to school for it helps us gain knowledge and it helps us to be

prepared in the future but then my family can’t afford to take me to school. I

prioritized my work to be able to support the needs of my family.

The researchers asked the effects of dropping out from school and the current socio-

economic status

RESPONDENT Canswered,

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

“Oo,

nasuyaakosaibannaknaklasmeytnajaunsatarungnakahimtangkumankaysaako.”

Yes, because it gives me insecurities to others that some of my classmate have

good status than me.

RESPONDENT A spoke again in terms of social happenings,

“Oo.grabinakokakonektadosamganahinabosagawasnanakapawaya nan

akointeressapagskuyla.

Hibagtannakonamasganingmuibansamgabarkadakaysasapagskuyla.”

Yes. I am more connected with other social happenings and that lessens my

interest in school. I found going out to school more interesting than studying.

Respondent C also said,

“Oo. Anakopaghunongpagskuylakaytungodsamasipogakokaypobrerakami

dilikonhaudsaakklasmet. Masipogakokaybolokramanako.”

Yes. I am insecure with my classmates. I am lacking self-confidence because of

my family status and I am ashamed because I am a slow learner.

The researchers asked again common problems of the Out-of-School Youth of Brgy.

Magosilom

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

Respondent C answered,

“Kuyangsasuportasaakongmgaginikanan.Tuonila

nayaychansaangilabatanamakatapospagtungha. Kung

mukuhakawngtrabahokaykasagaranahensya

okompanyamaghanapnaugnakatapossapagtungha.”

My parents didn’t support me because they think that their child has no chance of

graduating. When I applyforwork in some agency or companies they always look

for completing a person who complete his/her educational attainment.

Respondent A added,

“Angakopagsajopagminjoamoannagtukyodsaakoparabijaanangpagtungha.Isaisa

bnarasonkaypinansyal. Diliakomakakayapagbajadng tuition

ugsanatentalakopagibansaakomgahigaya.”

My early marriage push me to disengage from school, another reason is the

financial shortage, I am not capable of paying my tuition so instead of studying, I

hang-out with my friends.

Respondent G agreed to the statement of respondent A and added.

“Grave kalisodangpanginabuhikung an akoka live–in partner

wayatarungnatrabaho, amujaundatmagkugi.”

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

It is so hard because my live in partner doesn’t have a stable job so the both of

us need to work hard.

The researchers asked what design program help Out-Of- School Youth of Brgy.

Magosilom achieve their aspiration

Respondent A replied,

“Saakonahibay-an anggobernokayjauyprogramanaangtawagkay ALS parasamga

gusto mag toun; taposkumananglibrena tuition.”

As far as I know, the government has the ALS program for those who want to

pursue studying; and now the free tuition.

Responded C to the reply of respondent A,

“Duyuronsila or atubangonparamahatagansilang support

kaysaibannamgaestudyantenakwartahanangpamilyasananjauyganingnaestadok

ayhangtudkumanmutoogihaponsalaongniDr. Jose Rizal, “Kabataanangpag-

asangbayan”, ugsaparasaako i- pokusjaunnggobyerno.”

Give them more support than the other who has a wealthy family and good

background because I still believe in the quote of Dr. Jose P. Rizal

“Kabataanangpag-asang Bayan”, so I guess the government should focus on it.

He added,

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 CANTILAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

“Atodapat i-pokussamgamahinaynamgautoknamgaestudyante,

mgakabataannajauydabonaproblemahaudjaonproblemasapamilyananagtukyods

ailanamuhunongsapagtounsananangmgakabataannanahiintrasamgamayaotnabi

syosananmayaotnaimpluwensyagikansamgabarkadasagawasngskuylahan.”

We should also focus on the slow learner students, the youth who have more

problems like family problems that lead them to stop studying and also the youth

who are involved in some bad vices and bad influence of their friends outside the

school.

Responded H answered the question with,

“Anggobernokaynagmandonglibrenga tuition policy

parasamasustentuhanangmgakabataanisannaangmgawayaymahigastoparamak

apilingila gusto natrabahonga way hasulsanandapatila i-educate

angmgakabataanisanna kung unoangepektosapagundangsapagtungha.”

The government proposed the free tuition to provide the students especially the

poor one to have their freedom to take their chosen field/career.

The conversation ended with the researchers thanking the respondents who

participated in the open conversation.

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

Chapter V

Summary of Findings, Conclusion, and Recommendations

Findings

1. Based on the analysis of data gathered, the different findings revealed in the

study as follows: the reasons why they drop out of school include uncomfortable

with classmates or he/she doesn’t have the courage to go to school, lack of

interest in school especially when you focus on work to earn money for family,

early marriage, family problems and being involved in bad vices such asinfluence

of friends, addicted to games, smoking and drinking alcohol.

2. Moreover, dropping out or leaving school may affect the current socio-economic

status, one of them said that he is insecure to others for they had a good status

in life for he completes his studies and gets a diploma. Also in terms of the effect

of social aspect, when more connected with the social happenings that may

lessen the interest of dropouts. On the other hand, if they are too much

assignment, projects or requirements, well they may feel tired and because of the

financial problem, they can’t complete their requirements. And also lack of

financial can stop you from studying for he/she cannot pay tuition.

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

3. The financial shortage is one of the common problems of the dropouts. They will

not have the courage to go to school if they don’t have a financial budget for

transportation, tuition, for their food to eat and school fees. To add that, lack of

support from parents may lead to a personal problem and result of stopping.

4. The dropouts can have the courage to finish school through the government

program provided. They should take the opportunity to take those programs such

as Alternative Learning Center (ALS) and Technical Education Skills

Development and Authority (TESDA).

Conclusions:

Based on the gathered data and revealed results, the youth that are not able to

finish their study can’t find a stable job because nowadays, one of the requirements in

applying for a job is the diploma. Factors identified that can affect their decision of

dropping out of school include financial shortage;prioritize to find a job than studying,

family problems, early marriage, and also bad vices. These factors affect their decision

of dropping out to school such as to much school requirements that may lead to

financial problems and being more connected with social happenings that may lessen

the interest of the dropouts. However, if they are going to meet their goals and must be

ready to motivate, hold and provide them with life-long education and employment

opportunities, it can result to a better future as fulfillment of their simple aspiration in life.

Lack of support from parents results in low self-esteem and confidence towards the

youth in the society, and may lead to dropping out.

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

While all of them have very high hope that they can achieve their aspirations with

the financial support and the help of the programs proposed by the DepEd and

government they should be more productive to achieve those. Some are regretting and

shamed to others who have a stable job and good status in life were it affects their

current situation. It is noted outright that due to the low level of socio-economic status of

their family, this expectation of financial support from parents would not be possible.

There must be positive transformation in their personal values and that of their parents,

sufficient enough to achieve their aspiration. Lastly, affiliate to some programs and

projects in the government and rural barangay to help them continue their goals in life.

Recommendation:

The study highly recommends that further research should be conducted to

understand more about the reasons for dropping, the factors affecting the current socio-

economic to them and problems that they encountered as dropouts.

Dropouts and Out-of-School may learn from this on why they dropout instead of

continuing their study, the effect and problem they may encounter. This could also give

them vital information to the government and also organization to add more programs to

help out the dropouts. This study can also help the community to have higher economic

status.

The teachers may provide a more in-depth understanding of the condition of the

Out of school youth and students. They could build upon this study with a larger

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

participant group to either confirm or repudiate the results. They would help the students

to pursue and continue their study.

Moreover, this can be used as a reference by the future researchers that are also

concerned about how important is finishing school and helping every youth to achieve

their aspiration.

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

References Cited

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implementation for novice researchers. The Qualitative Report, 13(4), 544-

599.Retrieved fromhttp://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol13/iss4/2

Chauncey, S. (n.d.). Motivation at a glance: An I School collaborative expectancy-

value theory. Retrieved from

https://sites.google.com/site/motivationataglanceischool/

Concepcion, J. (2012). Giving hope to the out-of-school youth. Ask Go Negosyo.

Retrieved from www.philstar.com/business/770899/giving-hope-out-of-

school-youth

Crouch, M., & McKenzie, H. (2006). The logic of small samples in interview-based

qualitative research.Social Science Information, 45(4), 18.doi:

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Haas, T. (1992). What can I become: Educational aspirations of students in rural

America.Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED345931

Leavy, J., & Smith, S. (2010). Future farmers: Youth aspirations, expectations

and

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

lifechoices.Retrievedfromhttp://citeerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/dowwnload?doi

=10.1.1.3660.7495&rep=rep1&t ype=pdf

Lorenzana, C. C. (2003). Management theory and practice (Rev. ed.).Manila,

Philippines: Rex Book Store.

McClelland, D. (1961). McClelland’s human motivation theory or learned needs

theory.Retrieved from https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/human-

motivationtheory.html

Mercado, R. C. (2009). Managing through values the cooperative way. Philippine

Journal of Labor and Human Relations, 29(1-2).

National Center for Vocational Education Research. (2003). Youth values, attitudes,

perceptions, and influencers. In P. Sacket & A. Mavor (Eds.), Attitudes, aptitudes,

and aspirations of American youth: Implications for military recruitment (pp. 149-

189).

Washington DC: The National Academies Press. Retrieved from

www.nap.edu/read/10478/chapter/8

Office of Student Affairs.(2016). List of youth in the municipality of Salcedo.Eastern

Samar State University Salcedo Campus, Salcedo, Eastern Samar.

Tran, N. (2014). What is self-determination theory? Retrieved

Fromhttps://positivepsychologyprogram.com/self-determination-theory/

Villegas, B. M. (1991). Guide to economics for Filipino (4th ed.). Manila, Philippines:

Sinag-Tala Publishers.

Viray, E., Jr., Marcelino, R., Bato, J., & Bautista, A. C. (2015). Principles of

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

economics (with taxation and agrarian reform) simplified. Manila, Philippines:

National Book Store.

Wa-Mbaleka, S. (2016).Training on qualitative research (Seminar handouts).

Eastern Samar State University Salcedo Campus, Salcedo, Eastern Samar.

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(Mimas): University of Manchester.

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

Appendix A

Letter to the respondents

January 25, 2019

______________

______________

______________

Sir/Madam:

Greetings!

We are students from Cantilan National High School and presently working on our

research paper for our subject in Practical Research for this 2nd semester.

In this connection, we would like to ask permission from you to conduct our data

gathering procedure through survey and interview.

Your participation and support to this request is highly appreciated

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 CANTILAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

Thank you so much and God Bless!

Yours truly.

Irah A. Marandacan

Yonelyn E. Arrubio

Elvin E. Miranda

Aivan F. Pecasales

Dyazper L. Sarausos

Researchers

Noted by:

JOHN MANUEL C. BUNIEL, RN., MSTS

Research Adviser

Appendix B

Questionnaires

Effects of School Dropping to the Life Goals among Out-of-School Youth

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

___________________________________________________________________

A Survey

Name: __________________________ Age: ____

Sex: ________________ Educational Attainment:_________________

Directions: Answer the following questions.

1. How important is going to school for you?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________

2. What are the reasons that you dropout of school?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

3. Does your current socio-economic status affect on why you dropout from school?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

4. What are the hindrances that lead you from dropping out of school?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

5. What are the factors contributed to your decision of disengagement from school?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

6. What are the common problems that you’ve encountered?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

7. How does the government program help the dropouts to achieve their

aspirations?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

8. What can school administrators and educators do prevent from dropping out?

______________________________________________________________________

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

______________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

Appendix B

Questionnaires with Answers

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

Appendix C

Data Gathering Procedure

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name:Irah A. Marandacan

Age: 18

Address: P-6 Pag-antayan, Cantilan , Surigao del Sur

Gender: Female

Citizenship: Filipino

Grade and Section: Grade 11- Locke (STEM)

Name:Dyazper L. Sarausos

Age: 17

Address: P-1 Magosilom, Cantilan Surigao del Sur

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

Gender: Male

Citizenship: Filipino

Grade and Section: Grade 11- Locke (STEM)

Name:Aivan F. Pecasales

Age: 17

Address: P-6 Antao, Carmen, SDS

Gender: Male

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

Citizenship: Filipino

Grade and Section: Grade 11- Locke (STEM)

Name:Yonelyn E. Arrubio

Age: 17

Address: P-5,Magosilom, Cantilan Surigao del Sur

Gender: Female

Citizenship: Filipino

Grade and Section: Grade 11- Locke (STEM)

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

Name:Elvin E. Miranda

Age: 17

Address: Palasao, Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

Gender: Male

Citizenship: Filipino

Grade and Section: Grade 11- Locke (STEM)

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

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