ESE 2020

UPSC ENGINEERING SERVICES EXAMINATION

Preliminary Examination

General Studies and

Engineering Aptitude

General Principles of Design,

Drawing and Importance of Safety

Comprehensive Theory with Practice Questions

and ESE Solved Questions

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ESE 2020 Preliminary Examination :

General Principles of Design, Drawing and Importance of Safety
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Preface
The compilation of this book General Principles of Design,
Drawing and Importance of Safety was motivated by
the desire to provide a concise book which can benefit
students to understand the concepts of this specific topic
of General Studies and Engineering Aptitude section.

This textbook provides all the requirements of the

students, i.e. comprehensive coverage of theory,
fundamental concepts and objective type questions
articulated in a lucid language. The concise presentation will help the
readers grasp the theory of this subject with clarity and apply them with ease to solve objective
questions quickly. This book not only covers the syllabus of ESE in a holistic manner but is also
useful for many other competitive examinations. All the topics are given the emphasis they deserve
so that mere reading of the book clarifies all the concepts.

We have put in our sincere efforts to present detailed theory and MCQs without compromising the
accuracy of answers. For the interest of the readers, some notes, do you know and interesting facts
are given in the comprehensive manner. At the end of each chapter, sets of practice question are
given with their keys, that will allow the readers to evaluate their understanding of the topics and
sharpen their question solving skills.

Our team has made their best efforts to remove all possible errors of any kind. Nonetheless, we would
highly appreciate and acknowledge if you find and share with us any printing and conceptual errors.

It is impossible to thank all the individuals who helped us, but we would like to sincerely thank all
the authors, editors and reviewers for putting in their efforts to publish this book.

With Best Wishes

B. Singh
CMD, MADE EASY
 General Principles of Design, Drawing Contents
and Importance of Safety

4.5 EVAD (Design Evaluation) Method.....................33

General Principles of Design
4.6 Weighted Decision Matrix.....................................34
Chapter 1 4.7 Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)........................34
Engineering Design Process......................1 Objective Brain Teasers............................................35
1.1 Introduction.................................................................. 1
Chapter 5
1.2 Engineering Design Process...................................... Embodiment Design & Detail Design .... 36
1.3 Design Method versus Scientific Method.......... 3 5.1 Introduction................................................................36
1.4 Steps in Engineering Design process.................. 3 5.2 Product Architecture...............................................36
1.5 Description of Design Process............................... 4 5.3 Configuration Design..............................................37
1.6 Sequential and Concurrent Engineering........... 7 5.4 Parametric Design....................................................38
Objective Brain Teasers.............................................. 8 5.5 Industrial Design.......................................................42
Chapter 2 5.6 Prototyping.................................................................45
Problem Definition and 5.7 Testing..........................................................................47
Information Gathering............................ 10 5.8 Detail Design..............................................................47
2.1 Introduction................................................................10 Objective Brain Teasers............................................49
2.2 Preliminary Research on Customer Needs......10
2.3 Customer Requirement..........................................11 General Principles of Drawing
2.4 Establishing the Engineering Characteristics.13
2.5 Quality Function Deployment (QFD).................14 Chapter 6
2.6 Product Design Specification...............................16 Introductory Concepts............................ 51
2.7 Gathering Information............................................16 6.1 What is Engineering Drawing?............................51
2.8 Information Gathering for a Particular PDS.....17 6.2 Drawing Instruments..............................................51
Objective Brain Teasers............................................20 6.3 Drawing Standards..................................................55
6.4 Layout of a Drawing Sheet....................................55
Chapter 3
6.5 Lines..............................................................................56
Generate Multiple Solutions................... 21
6.6 Lettering......................................................................57
3.1 Introduction................................................................21
3.2 Introduction to Creative Thinking......................21 6.7 Dimensioning............................................................60

3.3 Creativity and Problem Solving...........................23 6.8 Geometric Constructions and Curves...............66
3.4 Concept Generation Methods.............................26 Objective Brain Teasers............................................67
Objective Brain Teasers............................................30
Chapter 7
Chapter 4 Scales........................................................ 69
Analyse and Select a Solution................ 31 7.1 Introduction...............................................................69
4.1 Introduction................................................................31 7.2 Representative Fraction.........................................69
4.2 Decision Making........................................................31 7.3 Scales on Drawings..................................................70
4.3 Evaluation Process....................................................32 7.4 Types of Scales..........................................................70
4.4 Pugh Chart (Datum Method)................................33 Objective Brain Teasers............................................75
Chapter 8 Chapter 11
Engineering Curves................................. 76 Projection of Points............................... 113
8.1 Cycloidal Curves........................................................76 11.1 Introduction............................................................ 113
8.2 Involute........................................................................78 11.2 Projections of a Point in the First Quadrant.113
8.3 Spirals...........................................................................79 11.3 Projections of a Point in Second Quadrant.. 114
8.4 Helices..........................................................................79 11.4 Projections of a Point in Third Quadrant....... 114

Objective Brain Teasers............................................81 11.5 Projections of a Point in Fourth Quadrant... 115

11.6 Projections of Points Lying on Horizontal
Chapter 9
Projection Plane.................................................... 116
Conic Sections.......................................... 83
11.7 Projections of Points Lying on Vertical
9.1 Right Circular Cone .................................................83
9.2 Conic Section Defined as Section of Projection Plane.................................................... 117
Right Circular Cone..................................................83 11.8 Auxiliary Vertical Plane and
9.3 Types of Conic Sections ........................................84 Auxiliary Front View of a Point ......................... 117
9.4 Conic Section Defined as Locus of a Point......86
11.9 Auxiliary Horizontal Plane and
9.5 Ellipse One More Definition..................................87
Auxiliary Top View ................................................ 119
9.6 Eccentricity of Ellipse Additional Formulae....89
Objective Brain Teasers......................................... 120
9.7 Mathematical Equation of Ellipse ......................90
9.8 Ellipse Key Properties & Engineering Chapter 12
Applications ..............................................................90 Projection of Straight Lines.................. 122
9.9 Construction of Ellipse ..........................................91 12.1 Introduction............................................................ 122
9.10 Construction of Parabola ......................................92 12.2 Projection of a Line Parallel to Both H.P.
9.11 Parabola Key Properties and Applications .....93 and V.P. but Contained in Neither................... 122
9.12 Hyperbola One More Definition.........................94 12.3 Projection of a Line Contained in H.P.
9.13 Eccentricity of Hyperbola and Parallel to V.P................................................... 123
Additional Formulae...............................................94 12.4 Projection of a Line Contained in V.P.
9.14 Asymptotes of Hyperbola ....................................95 and Parallel to H.P.................................................. 123
9.15 Hyperbola Applications ........................................95 12.5 Projection of a Line Perpendicular
9.16 Construction of Hyperbola ..................................95 to the H.P.................................................................. 124
9.17 Rectangular Hyperbola .........................................96 12.6 Projection of a Straight line
Objective Brain Teasers............................................98 Perpendicular to the V.P...................................... 124
12.7 Projection of a Line Contained in the H.P.
Chapter 10
and Inclined to the V.P......................................... 125
Projection Methods............................... 100
12.8 Projection of a Line Contained in the V.P.
10.1 Principle of Orthographic Projection ............ 100
and Inclined to the H.P......................................... 126
10.2 Methods of Orthographic Projection ............ 103 12.9 Projection of a Line Contained in both
10.3 Axonometric Projection ..................................... 108 the H.P. and the V.P................................................ 126
10.4 Perspective Projection......................................... 108 12.10 Projection of a Line Inclined to the H.P.

Objective Brain Teasers......................................... 108 and Parallel to the V.P........................................... 127

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12.11 Projection of a Line Inclined to the V.P. 15.4 Intersection of Solids............................................ 180
and Parallel to the H.P.......................................... 127 Objective Brain Teasers.......................................... 185
12.12 Projection of a Line Inclined to both V.P.
and the H.P............................................................... 128 Chapter 16
12.13 Given Projections of Line Inclined to Both
Development of Surfaces...................... 187
Planes How to Find its True Length and its 16.1 Introduction............................................................ 187
True Inclination with Reference Planes ........ 132 16.2 Definition of Development of
12.14 Coordinate Geometry Method for Surface of a Solid................................................... 189
Finding out θH.P., θV.P. and True Length............ 142
16.3 Methods of Development.................................. 189
12.15 Trace of a Line......................................................... 143
Objective Brain Teasers......................................... 203
Objective Brain Teasers......................................... 146

Chapter 13 Chapter 17
Projection of Planes.............................. 148 Auto CAD................................................ 206
13.1 Introduction............................................................ 148 17.1 Introduction............................................................ 206

13.2 Traces of Planes...................................................... 148 17.2 The Auto CAD program window .................... 206
13.3 Orientation of Planes........................................... 148 17.3 How to Understand Use of
13.4 Projection of Planes.............................................. 148 Tools in the Ribbon?............................................. 209
Objective Brain Teasers......................................... 151 17.4 Tools Available in Navigation Bar.................... 211
17.5 Coordinate System with Line Command ..... 212
Chapter 14
17.6 Draw Panel Tools.................................................... 213
Projection of Solids and
Isometric Projection.............................. 152 17.7 Modify Panel Tools................................................ 219

14.1 Introduction............................................................ 152 17.8 Status Bar................................................................. 221

14.2 Types of Elementary Solids................................ 152 17.9 Annotation Panel................................................... 227

14.3 Polyhedra................................................................. 153 17.10 Block Panel............................................................... 229

14.4 Solids of Revolution ............................................. 155 17.11 Layers Panel............................................................. 231

14.5 Frustum Vs Truncated Solid .............................. 156 17.12 Practice Drawing................................................... 231

14.6 Oblique Solids ....................................................... 157 Objective Brain Teasers......................................... 235

14.7 Projection of Solids............................................... 157

Importance of Safety
14.8 Isometric Projection............................................. 163
Objective Brain Teasers......................................... 164 Chapter 18
Safety and its Importance..................... 238
Chapter 15 18.1 Introduction............................................................ 238
Section of Solids and
18.2 Need for Safety....................................................... 238
Intersection of Surfaces........................ 166
18.3 Important Terminology....................................... 239
15.1 Terminology............................................................. 166
18.4 OSHA Safety and Health Program
15.2 Sectional View & True Shape of Section for
Different Orientation of Section Plane........... 166 Management Guidelines.................................... 240

15.3 Elevation Full Section and Left 18.5 Occupational Health and Safety (OHS)......... 241

Half in Section......................................................... 176 18.6 Safety Policy............................................................ 243

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18.7 Occupational Health and Safety in India...... 245 Chapter 21
Objective Brain Teasers......................................... 252 Fire Safety.............................................. 291
21.1 Physics and Chemistry of Fire........................... 291
Chapter 19
Accidents, Hazards and Risks............... 254 21.2 Fire Properties of Solid, Liquid and Gas......... 291

19.1 Accidents.................................................................. 254 21.3 Fire Escape............................................................... 294

19.2 Hazards..................................................................... 261 21.4 Fire Containment................................................... 299

19.3 Risks............................................................................ 269 21.5 Fire Extinguishing Agents.................................. 303

Objective Brain Teasers......................................... 274 Objective Brain Teasers......................................... 308

Chapter 20 Chapter 22
Work Study and Ergonomics................ 276 Safety in Other Industries..................... 309
20.1 Introduction............................................................ 276 22.1 Safety in Construction......................................... 309

20.2 Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs)................. 276 22.2 Safety in Demolition............................................. 319

20.3 Risk factors inherent in the Worker................. 277 22.3 Worker Safety for Highway and

20.4 Risk factors inherent in the Task....................... 279 Road Construction Work Sites.......................... 324

20.5 Risk factors inherent in the Environment..... 283 22.4 Electrical Safety...................................................... 325

20.6 Controlling Risk Factors ..................................... 284 22.5 Safety in Engineering Industry......................... 327

Objective Brain Teasers......................................... 290 22.6 Safety in Agriculture............................................. 331

Objective Brain Teasers......................................... 333

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