PSAT

Test Q2

The PSAT is a registered trademark of the College Board.

The Princeton Review is not affiliated with the College Board or Princeton University.
Copyright © 2017 by TPR Education IP Holdings, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
 1 1
Reading Test
60 MINUTES, 47 QUESTIONS

Turn to Section 1 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.

  DIRECTIONS

Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions. After reading
each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or
implied in the passage or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or
graph).

Questions 1–9 are based on the following passage. sort of [boor] I was than—from the moment you have
something in your mind—not know anything.”
This passage is adapted from Henry James, “The Beast in the
30 Still, however, she hesitated. “But if you’ve
Jungle,” originally published in 1903. The passage describes the
completely ceased to be that sort—?”
meeting, after many years, of John Marcher and May Bertram.
“Why I can then all the more bear to know. Besides,
“You know you told me something I’ve never perhaps I haven’t.”
forgotten and that again and again has made me think “Perhaps. Yet if you haven’t,” she added, “I should
of you since; it was that tremendously hot day when we 35 suppose you’d remember. Not indeed that I in the least
Line went to Sorrento, across the bay, for the breeze. What I connect with my impression the invidious name you
5 allude to was what you said to me, on the way back, as use. If I had only thought you foolish,” she explained,
we sat under the awning of the boat enjoying the cool. “the thing I speak of wouldn’t so have remained with
Have you forgotten?” me. It was about yourself.” She waited as if it might
He had forgotten and was even more surprised than 40 come to him; but as, only meeting her eyes in wonder,
ashamed. But the great thing was that he saw in this he gave no sign, she burnt her ships. “Has it ever
10 no vulgar reminder of any “sweet” speech. The vanity happened?”
of women had long memories, but she was making Then it was that, while he continued to stare, a light
no claim on him of a compliment or a mistake. With broke for him and the blood slowly came to his face,
another woman, a totally different one, he might have 45 which began to burn with recognition. “Do you mean
feared the recall possibly even of some imbecile “offer.” I told you—?” But he faltered, lest what came to him
15 So, in having to say that he had indeed forgotten, he shouldn’t be right, lest he should only give himself away.
was conscious rather of a loss than of a gain; he already “It was something about yourself that it was natural
saw an interest in the matter of her mention. “I try to one shouldn’t forget—that is if one remembered you at
think—but I give up. Yet I remember that Sorrento day.” 50 all. That’s why I ask you,” she smiled, “if the thing you
“I’m not very sure you do,” May Bertram after a then spoke of has ever come to pass?”
20 moment said; “and I’m not very sure I ought to want Oh then he saw, but he was lost in wonder and
you to. It’s dreadful to bring a person back at any time to found himself embarrassed. This, he also saw, made
what he was ten years before. If you’ve lived away from her sorry for him, as if her allusion had been a mistake.
it,” she smiled, “so much the better.” 55 It took him but a moment, however, to feel it hadn’t
“Ah, if you haven’t why should I?” he asked. been, much as it had been a surprise. After the first little
25 “Lived away, you mean, from what I myself was?” shock of it her knowledge on the contrary began, even if
“From what I was. I was of course [a boor],” Marcher rather strangely, to taste sweet to him. She was the only
went on; “but I would rather know from you just the other person in the world then who would have it, and
60 she had had it all these years, while the fact of his having

2
 1 1
so breathed his secret had unaccountably faded from 5
him. No wonder they couldn’t have met as if nothing As used in line 12, “claim” most nearly means
had happened. “I judge,” he finally said, “that I know
A) application.
what you mean. Only I had strangely enough lost any
65 sense of having taken you so far into my confidence.” B) remark.
C) appeal.
D) demand.
1
The point of view from which the passage is written 6
can best be described as
In the second paragraph, the “loss” (line 16) Marcher
A) a first-person narrator telling his life story. feels most likely refers to
B) a disinterested reporter listing objective facts. A) a connection over an interest he has in common
C) a critical observer who judges Marcher’s actions. with May.
D) a sympathetic chronicler who relates to Marcher’s B) a missed opportunity to compliment May.
feelings. C) his longing to return to the warm weather in
Sorrento.
D) May’s rejection of his speech declaring love for her.
2
Over the course of the passage, the emotions of John
Marcher shift from 7
A) incredulity to begrudging acceptance. The conversation between Marcher and May Bertrand
B) confusion to disconcerted awareness. suggests that Marcher had previously told May about
C) disdain to unrequited love. A) a troublesome puzzle.

D) amazement to painful embarrassment. B) a romantic confession.

C) a forgotten trifle.
D) a personal belief.
3
Which choice provides the best evidence for the
answer to the previous question? 8
A) Lines 8–9 (“He had . . . ashamed”) Which choice provides the best evidence that John doesn’t
believe he’s made any declarations of love to Mary?
B) Lines 21–22 (“It’s dreadful . . . before”)
A) Lines 1–4 (“You know . . . breeze”)
C) Lines 43–45 (“Then it . . . recognition”)
B) Lines 10–12 (“The vanity . . . mistake”)
D) Lines 53–54 (“This . . . a mistake”)
C) Lines 19–21 (“I’m not . . . to”)
D) Lines 64–65 (“Only I . . . confidence”)
4
The primary purpose of the first paragraph is to 9
A) describe the current relationship between John and
As used in line 61, “breathed” most nearly means
Mary.
A) whispered.
B) introduce a previous conversation between John
and Mary. B) exhaled.
C) predict what will eventually happen to John. C) concealed.
D) prove that John doesn’t remember the things Mary D) continued.
tells him.
3
 1 1
Questions 10–19 are based on the following passage. This is the heart of American industrial might, or
45 what’s left of it. The first of the mills was built in the
The passage is excerpted from Never a City So Real: A Walk in
1850s, and within a hundred years more steel was
Chicago by Alex Kotlowitz, © 2004 by Alex Kotlowitz. Used
produced in this stretch of land than anywhere else
by permission of Crown Journeys, an imprint of the Crown
in the world. The freighters delivered iron ore from
Publishing Group, a division of Penguin Random House LLC.
Minnesota’s Mesabi Range, and the mills turned the
All rights reserved.
50 mineral into steel, shipping it west by rail and eventually
Fourteen miles southeast of the Loop, at the base east by the St. Lawrence Seaway. By the 1960s, the
of Lake Michigan, the city’s easternmost corner, one mills employed eighty thousand men and women;
finds a fistful of neighborhoods with hearty names like they cascaded in from Poland, from Yugoslavia, from
Line Irondale, Hegewisch, The Bush, and Slag Valley. This Mexico, and from the American South. Steel mills and
5 is South Chicago. Apart from Altgeld Gardens—a vast 55 refineries lined up along the dredged Calumet River
public housing complex virtually hidden from the rest and along the Lake Michigan shoreline, extending
of the world by towering mountains of garbage and twenty-two miles from South Chicago to Gary, Indiana.
often referred to as Chicago’s Soweto—South Chicago This stretch of boiling steel was the equivalent of
is the city’s most isolated community, its most removed. an industrial mountain stream, the source for can
10 The labor lawyer and author Tom Geoghegan has called 60 openers and knives, refrigerators and cars, bridges and
it “a secret city.” The vast majority of Chicagoans have skyscrapers. It fed this country’s insatiable hunger for
never set foot here, and as if to ensure such detachment, consumption and comfort. It was, in short, the nation’s
above the compact redbrick bungalows with postage- lifeblood.
stamp-size yards looms the Chicago Skyway, a highway The local population is still so dependent on the
15 on stilts, which takes the prosperous to their cottages 65 mills that the daily newspaper in Hammond, Indiana,
along the Indiana and Michigan shorelines. The which is just over the Chicago border, runs a box score
neighborhoods below are modest in appearance, a every Wednesday of the region’s steel tonnage and
collection of small homes and small taverns and diners capacity. Nonetheless, there are only fifteen thousand
with simple names like Steve’s, Pete’s Hideaway, Who working in the mills now; the owners grew complacent,
20 Cares?, Small World Inn, and Maria’s Den. There’s 70 so accustomed to their oligopoly that they forgot how
nothing fanciful about this area. As one observer to compete. Between the mills that still roll steel, there
wrote: “Streets named Commercial and Exchange offer are hundreds of acres of vacant land littered with
testimony that people came here to make a buck, not abandoned factory buildings stripped of their exteriors,
admire the scenery.” brick coke houses collapsing in on themselves, and
25 And yet the scenery, so to speak, is awe-inspiring, 75 railroad tracks and bridges that have turned a muddy
the man-made equivalent of the Rockies. Dark, low- brown from rust.
to-the-ground muscular structures, some three times
the size of a football field, sprawl across the landscape, Domestic Steel Production, 1950-2000
sprouting chimneys so tall that they’re equipped 160
peak about 150 million tons
30 with blinking lights to alert wayward aircraft. These 140
chimneys shoot full-bodied flames thirty feet into the 120
sky; at night they appear almost magical, like giant 100
torches heating the moon. Billows of smoke linger in 80
the air like phantom dirges. It used to be, when the steel 60
110 million tons
35 mills were going strong, that these smokestacks spat out 40
particles of graphite that would dust the streets and cars 20
and rooftops like snow, catching the sun and setting the 0
neighborhood aglitter. Suspended conveyor belts, pipes, 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
and railroad overpasses weave in, out, and over the Source: American Iron and Steel Institute
40 behemoth buildings. The noise is crushing, the stench
of sulfur so powerful that not even a closed car window
can keep it at bay. Had Rube Goldberg lost his sense of
humor, this is, I imagine, what he would have produced.

4
 1 1
10 14
What is the primary purpose of the passage? The author includes a list of restaurant names
A) To describe the effects of industry changes on a (lines 19–20) primarily to
certain area A) emphasize the modest nature of the neighborhood.
B) To provide a history of steel mills in the United B) recommend places for visitors to have a meal.
States C) suggest that there is little variety in the eating
C) To contrast wealthy and poor areas of a major city establishments.
D) To advocate for bringing new industry into D) explain why most people never visit South Chicago.
poverty-stricken neighborhoods

15
11 Which choice best supports the idea that the names
With which statement would the author most likely people choose for their surroundings can indicate the
agree? intentions of those people?
A) Wealthier people often live closer to water than A) Lines 10–11 (“The labor . . . city”)
poorer people. B) Lines 11–16 (“The vast . . . shorelines”)
B) Steel mills are no longer useful now that the C) Lines 16–20 (“The neighborhoods . . . Den”)
Industrial Revolution has ended.
D) Lines 22–24 (“Streets named . . . scenery”)
C) Beauty can be found in unlikely places.
D) The isolation of South Chicago caused its economic
downturn. 16
As used in line 38, “suspended” most nearly means
12 A) drooping.
The author of the passage most likely believes South B) hanging.
Chicago C) slumbering.
A) should be a more popular vacation destination. D) fixed.
B) will soon have no working steel mills.
C) is isolated from the rest of the city.
17
D) embodies the dirty, smelly nature of American
industry. In the context of the passage as a whole, the primary
purpose the last paragraph is to
A) criticize the steel mill owners.
13 B) lament the state of abandoned property.
Which choice provides the best evidence for the C) explain the current status of the steel mills.
answer to the previous question? D) suggest changes to the steel industry.
A) Lines 5–9 (“Apart . . . removed”)
B) Lines 25–26 (“And yet . . . Rockies”)
C) Lines 40–42 (“The noise . . . bay”)
D) Lines 44–45 (“This is . . . of it”)

5
 1 1
18 19
Which claim about domestic steel production is It can reasonably be inferred from the passage and the
supported by the graph? graph that
A) Production increased only from 1950 to 2000. A) U.S. steel mills reached their greatest productivity
B) Production was stagnant between 1950 and 2000. in the mid-1970s.

C) Production peaked in the 1960s, followed by a B) U.S. steel production in areas other than South
steep decline in the 1970s. Chicago has increased since the 1960s.

D) Net production increased slightly from 1950 to C) all domestic steel mills cut their workforces by over
2000. 75% between 1950 and 2000.
D) air pollution in communities surrounding steel
mills was worse in the 1970s than in 2000.

6
 1 1
Questions 20–28 are based on the following passage. evaporation, they increasingly block each other, creating
a traffic jam of particles that eventually covers the drop’s
Passage 1 is adapted from KU Leuven, “Bacterium Counteracts
surface.
‘Coffee Ring Effect’.” Copyright, KU Leuven. Full text of study
After experimenting with suspended particle shape,
published in Nature Communications 4, Article number 1757,
45 the researchers added a surfactant, essentially soap, into
April 2013. Reprinted with permission. Passage 2 is adapted
the drops to show that interactions on the drop’s surface
from University of Pennsylvania, “Physicists Undo the ‘Coffee
were responsible for the effect. With the surfactant
Ring Effect’”. Copyright, University of Pennsylvania. August
lowering the drop’s surface tension, ellipsoid particles
2011. Reprinted with permission.
did not get stuck at the interface and flowed freely to the
Passage 1 50 edge.
A team of University of Pennsylvania physicists “We were thinking it would be useful if you could
has shown how to disrupt the “coffee ring effect”— just sprinkle in a few of these ellipsoid particles to
the ring-shaped stain of particles leftover after coffee remove the coffee ring effect,” Yodh said, “and we
Line drops evaporate—by changing the particle shape. The found that sometimes this idea works and sometimes it
5 discovery provides new tools for engineers to deposit 55 doesn’t.”
uniform coatings.
The research was conducted by professor Arjun Passage 2
Yodh, director of the Laboratory for Research on the Researchers from the Departments of Chemical
Structure of Matter; doctoral candidates Peter Yunker Engineering and Chemistry at KU Leuven have
10 and Matthew Lohr; and postdoctoral fellow Tim Still. now discovered how to counteract coffee rings with
“The coffee ring effect is very common in everyday ‘surfactants’, i.e. soap. The key to the discovery was not
experience,” Yunker said. “To avoid it, scientists have 60 a kitchen towel, but a bacterium that counteracts the
gone to great lengths designing paints and inks that coffee ring effect at the microscopic level.
produce an even coating upon evaporation. We found When a coffee ring dries, its edges become
15 that the effect can be eliminated simply by changing the noticeably darker and thicker. This occurs because the
shape of the particle.” coffee particles move toward the edge of the stain while
University of Chicago physicists Sidney Nagel, 65 the water in the liquid evaporates. At a microscopic
Thomas Witten and their colleagues wrote an influential level, this coffee ring effect can also be seen in liquids
paper about this process in 1997, which focused mainly with particles of other materials such as plastic and
20 on suspended spherical particles, but it was not until the wood.
Yodh team’s recent experiments that the surprising role In various industrial applications—applying an even
played by suspended particle shape was discovered. 70 coat of paint or varnish, for example—the coffee ring
Yodh’s team used uniformly sized plastic particles effect can be particularly troublesome and scientists
in their experiments. These particles were initially have long been seeking ways to counteract it. Raf De
25 spherical but could be stretched into varying degrees of Dier and Wouter Sempels (Departments of Chemical
eccentricity, to ensure the experiments only tested the Engineering and Chemistry) have now described a
effect of the particle’s shape on the drying pattern. The 75 solution based on examples found in nature. De Dier
researchers were surprised at how big an effect particle and Sempels carried out experiments and calculations
shape had on the drying phenomenon. on nanomaterials as well as on a particularly promising
30 “Different particle geometries change the nature of bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
the membrane at the air-water interface,” Yodh said. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a dangerous bacterium
“And that has big consequences.” Spherical particles 80 that can cause infections in open wounds. “A
easily detach from the interface, and they flow past one Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria colony wants to
another easily because the spheres do not substantially find as large a breeding ground as possible. To avoid
35 deform the air-water interface. Ellipsoid particles, overconcentration on the edges of a wound when
however, cause substantial undulation of the air-water spreading itself during the drying-out process, the
interface that in turn induces very strong attractions 85 bacterium produces substances that counteract the
between the ellipsoids. Thus the ellipsoids tend to get coffee ring effect.”
stuck on the surface, and, while the stuck particles These surface-tension-disrupting substances are
40 can continue to flow towards the drop’s edges during called surfactants. Detergents such as soap are also

7
 1 1
surfactants. “Add soap to a stain—a coffee stain or any 23
90 other stain—and you will still get a coffee ring effect. Which choice best supports the claim made in
But at the same time the soap causes a counterflow from Passage 2 that the key to the discovery was not a
the edge back towards the centre of the stain in such a kitchen towel?”
way that the small particles—material or bacteria—end
A) Lines 65–68 (“At . . . wood”)
up in a kind of whirlwind. In this way, you get a more
95 uniform distribution of particles as evaporation occurs.” B) Lines 87–88 (“These . . . surfactants”)
C) Lines 91–94 (“But . . . whirlwind”)

20 D) Lines 94–95 (“In . . . occurs”)

According to the author of Passage 1, which of the

following is impacted by the coffee stain effect?
24
A) The cleanliness of coats
The author of Passage 2 suggests that the coffee ring
B) A variety of paints and inks effect over time has
C) The sizes of stain particles A) inspired many studies.
D) A type of coffee beans B) sent particles into a whirlwind.
C) become vulnerable to surfactants.

21 D) increased its industrial applications.

As used in line 6, “uniform” most nearly means

A) stylish. 25
B) outfit. Which choice provides the best evidence for the
C) dark. answer to the previous question?
D) even. A) Lines 56–59 (“Researchers . . . soap”)
B) Lines 59–61 (“The key . . . level”)
C) Lines 65–68 (“At a . . . wood”)
22
D) Lines 69–72 (“In various . . . counteract it”)
The main purpose of the reference to a paper by
the University of Chicago physicists in the fourth
paragraph (lines 17–22) of Passage 1 is to
26
A) imply that Nagel and Witten could have discovered
As used in line 77, “promising” most nearly means
the impact of ellipsoid particles.
A) lucky.
B) describe an impediment to research on suspended
spherical particles. B) fresh.
C) suggest that the study done by Nagel and Witten C) favorable.
influenced the research by Yodh’s team. D) comforting.
D) contrast the results of earlier, flawed research with
the useful data obtained more recently.

8
 1 1
27 28
Which discovery in Passage 2 is proven useful in The authors of both passages do which of he following
Passage 1? to provide legitimacy to their findings about the coffee
A) The newfound bacterium that minimizes the coffee ring effect?
ring effect A) Explain experimental methodology in significant
B) The range of particles affected by coffee rings detail
C) The impact of surfactants on the coffee ring effect B) Cite specific researchers and their institutions
D) The manner in which ellipsoids travel C) Provide empirical data and trends for reference
D) Allude to a governmental support

9
 1 1
Questions 29–37 are based on the following passage. To form an Administration of this scale and
complexity is a serious undertaking in itself, but it must
This passage is adapted from a speech delivered by Winston
be remembered that we are in the preliminary stage
Churchill on May 13, 1940. Churchill became Prime Minister
of one of the greatest battles in history, that we are in
of Britain on May 10. This speech was his first address to the
45 action at many other points in Norway and in Holland,
House of Commons, in which he asks the House to support his
that we have to be prepared in the Mediterranean, that
new administration.
the air battle is continuous and that many preparations,
I beg to move, such as have been indicated by my hon. Friend below
That this House welcomes the formation of a the Gangway, have to be made here at home. In this
Government representing the united and inflexible 50 crisis I hope I may be pardoned if I do not address the
Line resolve of the nation to prosecute the war with Germany House at any length today. I hope that any of my friends
5 to a victorious conclusion. and colleagues, or former colleagues, who are affected
On Friday evening last I received His Majesty’s by the political reconstruction, will make allowance, all
commission to form a new Administration. It [w]as the allowance, for any lack of ceremony with which it has
evident wish and will of Parliament and the nation that 55 been necessary to act. I would say to the House, as I
this should be conceived on the broadest possible basis said to those who have joined this government: “I have
10 and that it should include all parties, both those who nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat.”
supported the late Government and also the parties of We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous
the Opposition. I have completed the most important kind. We have before us many, many long months of
part of this task. A War Cabinet has been formed of five 60 struggle and of suffering. You ask, what is our policy? I
Members, representing, with the Opposition Liberals, can say: It is to wage war, by sea, land and air, with all
15 the unity of the nation. The three party Leaders have our might and with all the strength that God can give
agreed to serve, either in the War Cabinet or in high us; to wage war against a monstrous tyranny, never
executive office. The three Fighting Services have surpassed in the dark, lamentable catalogue of human
been filled. It was necessary that this should be done 65 crime. That is our policy. You ask, what is our aim? I
in one single day, on account of the extreme urgency can answer in one word: It is victory, victory at all costs,
20 and rigour of events. A number of other positions, key victory in spite of all terror, victory, however long and
positions, were filled yesterday, and I am submitting a hard the road may be; for without victory, there is no
further list to His Majesty to-night. I hope to complete survival. Let that be realised; no survival for the British
the appointment of the principal Ministers during to- 70 Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has
morrow. The appointment of the other Ministers usually stood for, no survival for the urge and impulse of the
25 takes a little longer, but I trust that, when Parliament ages, that mankind will move forward towards its goal.
meets again, this part of my task will be completed, and But I take up my task with buoyancy and hope. I feel
that the administration will be complete in all respects. sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among
I considered it in the public interest to suggest 75 men. At this time I feel entitled to claim the aid of all,
that the House should be summoned to meet today. and I say, “come then, let us go forward together with
30 Mr. Speaker agreed, and took the necessary steps, our united strength.”
in accordance with the powers conferred upon him
by the Resolution of the House. At the end of the
proceedings today, the Adjournment of the House will 29
be proposed until Tuesday, 21st May, with, of course, Over the course of the speech, Churchill’s focus shifts
35 provision for earlier meeting, if need be. The business from
to be considered during that week will be notified to A) defeating Germany to reconstructing the
Members at the earliest opportunity. I now invite the government.
House, by the Motion which stands in my name, to
record its approval of the steps taken and to declare its B) forming a War Cabinet to establishing war policy.
40 confidence in the new Government. C) appointing an Administration to bolstering spirits.
D) reconciling differences to accepting defeat.

10
 1 1
30 34
As used in line 4, “prosecute” most nearly means Which choice provides the best evidence for the
A) fight. answer to the previous question?
B) litigate. A) Lines 13–15 (“A war . . . nation”)
C) accuse. B) Lines 24–27 (“The appointment . . . respects”)
D) enforce. C) Lines 30–32 (“Mr. Speaker . . . House”)
D) Lines 58–60 (“We have . . . suffering”)

31
In the speech, Churchill claims that his administration 35
must be formed more quickly than usual because Churchill makes the statement “I have nothing to offer
A) the king has told him to act with haste. but blood, toil, tears and sweat” (lines 56–57) primarily
to
B) Parliament has been united under three party
leaders. A) convey his deep level of commitment to the war
effort.
C) the British Empire is in danger of losing the war.
B) indicate that he believes Britain has little hope of
D) the international political situation requires winning the war.
unusual measures.
C) suggest that there is not much he can offer in
support of the military.
32 D) offer evidence of his dedication to a governing
coalition.
Which choice provides the best evidence for the
answer to the previous question?
A) Lines 6–7 (“On Friday . . . Administration”) 36
B) Lines 18–20 (“It was . . . events”) The primary rhetorical effect of the repetition of the
C) Lines 51–55 (“I hope . . . to act”) words “victory” and “no survival” in the last paragraph
D) Lines 69–72 (“Let that . . . goal”) is to
A) emphasize the hopeless nature of Britain’s struggle.
B) clarify the administration’s war strategy.
33
C) underscore the long-term implications of the
It can be inferred from the passage that Churchill’s outcome of the war.
administration
D) maintain the sense of optimism introduced earlier
A) is likely to be controversial. in the speech.
B) will meet with approval from all members of the
House of Commons.
C) is dominated by Opposition Liberals. 37
D) has some unfilled positions. As used in line 74, “suffered” most nearly means
A) endured.
B) allowed.
C) tolerated.
D) endorsed.

11
 1 1
Questions 38–47 are based on the following passage. 45 monthly weight gains of steers compared to burning in
late spring. Consequently, burning exclusively in late
This passage is adapted from E. Gene Towne and Joseph M.
spring has become ingrained in the cultural practices
Craine, “Ecological Consequences of Shifting the Timing of
of grassland management in the Flint Hills, and local
Burning Tallgrass Prairie.” © 2014 by E. Gene Towne and Joseph
ranchers often burn in unison when weather conditions
M. Craine. A forb is an herbaceous flowering plant.
50 are favorable.
Periodic burning is required for the maintenance of Despite long-standing recommendations that
tallgrass prairie. The responses of prairie vegetation to tallgrass prairie be burned only in late spring, the data
fire, however, can vary widely depending upon when the supporting this policy is equivocal. Total biomass
Line fires occur. Management and conservation objectives production was lower in plots burned in early spring
5 such as biomass production, livestock performance, 55 than plots burned in late spring, but the weights
wildlife habitat, and control of specific plant species, included grasses, forbs, and shrubs. It was not known
often influence when grasslands are burned. In some if [grass] biomass was reduced by early-spring burning
prairie regions, timing of seasonal burns have been used or if the differences were a site effect rather than a
to manipulate the balance of C3 and C4 species, control treatment effect. Burning in early spring also shifted
10 woody species, stimulate grass flowering, and alter the 60 community composition in a perceived negative pattern
proportion of plant functional groups. Most grassland because it favored cool-season grasses and forbs. This
fire research, however, has focused on either burn shift in community composition, however, may actually
frequency or comparing growing season burns with be desirable because many cool-season grasses have
dormant season burns, and there are few studies that higher production and nutritional quality than warm-
15 differentiate effects from seasonal burning within the 65 season grasses at certain times of the year, and many
dormant season. In the Kansas Flint Hills, when prairies forb species are beneficial to the diet of grazers. Burning
are burned is an important management issue, but the in late spring has been considered the most effective
ecological consequences of burning at different times time to control invasive shrubs, but Symphoricarpos
are poorly understood. orbiculatus was the only woody species that declined
20 The Flint Hills are one of the last remaining 70 with repeated late spring burning. Finally, average
regions supporting extensive native tallgrass prairie in weight gain of steers was lower in an unburned pasture
North America and frequent burning is integral to its than in burned pastures, but there was no significant
preservation and economic utilization. Since the early difference in monthly weight gain among cattle grazing
1970’s, recommendations have been to burn Kansas in early-, mid-, or late-spring burned pastures.
25 Flint Hills grasslands annually in late spring, typically 75 The historical studies that formed the foundation
once the dominant grasses have emerged 1.25–5 cm for time of burning recommendations in tallgrass
above the soil surface. Although frequent late-spring prairie are inconclusive because none had experimental
burning has maintained the Flint Hills grassland, the replications and most were spatially limited to small
resultant smoke plumes from en masse burning often plot. All of these studies were interpreted as suggesting
30 leads to air quality issues in nearby cities. Concentrated 80 that shifting the time of burning by only a few weeks
smoke from grass fires produces airborne particulates, would negatively influence the plant community. A
volatile organic compounds, and nitrogen oxides that more recent large-scale replicated study that compared
facilitate tropospheric ozone production. Burning in the effects of annual burning in autumn, winter, and
late spring also generates more ozone than burning in late spring found that the timing of burning had no
35 winter or early spring due to the higher air temperatures 85 significant effect on grass production and no reductions
and insolation. in the composition of desirable warm-season grasses.
If the Flint Hills tallgrass prairie, its economic
utilization, and high air quality are all to be maintained,
a good understanding of the consequences of burning
40 at different times of the year is necessary. Burning
earlier in spring has been regarded as undesirable
because it putatively reduces total biomass production,
increases cool-season [grasses] and undesirable forbs,
is ineffective in controlling woody species, and lowers

12
 1 1
Grass 39
1000 Autumn The passage suggests that the Kansas Flint Hills
Winter
Spring A) are an ecologically sensitive area that must be
800 treated with extreme caution.
Biomass F (gm –2)

B) must be regularly burned to remain economically

600 viable.
C) have a unique composition of grasses and forbs that
400 must be studied further.
D) will not support healthy livestock if the burning
200 schedule changes.
00

05

10
19 4
95
9

20

20

20
19

Year
40
Which choices provides the best evidence for the
Forb
answer to the previous question?
1000
Autumn
Winter
A) Lines 20–23 (“The flint . . . utilization”)
Spring
800
B) Lines 37–40 (“If the Flint . . . necessary”)
Biomass F (gm –2)

C) Lines 40–46 (“Burning . . . late spring”)

600 D) Lines 53–56 (“Total biomass . . . shrubs”)

400
41
200 As used in line 47, “practices” most nearly means
A) traditions.
00

05

10
19 4
95
9

20

20

20
19

B) rehearsals.
Year
C) accomplishments.
Figure 1. Changes in upland and lowland grass (a) and forb (b) productivity
over time for Autumn-, Winter-, and Spring-burned watersheds D) chores.

38 42
The authors of the passage most likely believe that As used in line 53, “equivocal” most nearly means
A) burning should be done on a semi-annual basis. A) wrong.
B) no burning should happen in the late spring. B) misleading.
C) late spring may not be the best time for burning. C) ambivalent.
D) changing burning schedules will negatively D) unclear.
influence plants.

13
 1 1
43 46
How do the results of the “large-scale . . . study” Which claim about grasses is supported by Figure 1?
(line 82) compare to the “long-standing A) Spring burning always results in higher biomass
recommendations” (line 51)? than does autumn or winter burning.
A) The results completely support the recommendations. B) Over time, biomass will increase only in prairies
B) The results completely undermine the burned in spring.
recommendations. C) The timing of burning does not significantly affect
C) The results have no clear effect on the biomass.
recommendations. D) Biomass declined sharply in 2012 due to drastically
D) The results don’t apply to the recommendations. lower rainfall.

44 47
Based on the passage, it can be inferred that Which statement is best supported by data from the
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus is figure?
A) a forb species beneficial to grazers. A) In 2010, the spring-burned watershed was highest
B) an invasive shrub. in biomass for both grass and forb.

C ) a woody warm-season grass. B) The forb biomass was always lowest in the spring-
burned watershed.
D) a late spring grass.
C) Over time, the total biomass of the spring-burned
grass is generally higher than the total biomass of
the spring-burned forb.
45
D) 2012 was the year both the grass and forb biomass
Which choice provides the best evidence for the reached their lowest points for all three burnings.
answer to the previous question?
A) Lines 51–53 (“Despite . . . is equivocal”)
B) Lines 59–61 (“Burning in . . . forbs”)
C) Lines 61–66 (“This . . . of grazers”)
D) Lines 66–70 (“Burning . . . spring burning”)

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section.
14
No Test Material On This Page
 22
2 22
Writing and Language Test
35 MINUTES, 44 QUESTIONS

Turn to Section 2 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.

  DIRECTIONS

Each passage below is accompanied by a number of questions. For some questions, you will
consider how the passage might be revised to improve the expression of ideas. For other
questions, you will consider how the passage might be edited to correct errors in sentence
structure, usage, or punctuation. A passage or a question may be accompanied by one or
more graphics (such as a table or graph) that you will consider as you make revising and
editing decisions.

Some questions will direct you to an underlined portion of a passage. Other questions will
direct you to a location in a passage or ask you to think about the passage as a whole.

After reading each passage, choose the answer to each question that most effectively
improves the quality of writing in the passage or that makes the passage conform to the
conventions of standard written English. Many questions include a “NO CHANGE” option.
Choose that option if you think the best choice is to leave the relevant portion of the passage
as it is.

Questions 1–11 are based on the following passage. 1

A) NO CHANGE
Getting a CLOe
B) have had
Imagine you go to a restaurant you’ve never tried C) were having
before. Now, let’s say you 1 had a bad experience. What D) have
next? For many, the answer is 2 simple, get on social
media and tell the world. Aside from telling all your
2
A) NO CHANGE
B) simple get on
C) simple: get on
D) simple, hop on

CONTINUE
16
 2 2
friends and followers about the experience on Twitter and 3
Facebook, 3 you would probably decide not to return to Which of the following would best maintain the focus
that restaurant. In fact, you might have used these services of this sentence and paragraph?
to find the restaurant in the first place. And really, if a place A) NO CHANGE
has two out of five stars on Yelp when you look it up, what’s B) you might also go to a consumer-review site, such
as Yelp, to tell future patrons.
the chance you’ll go there in the first place?
C) it might make you feel better to tell your friends
Companies, not just restaurants, are starting to see and relatives about the experience over the phone.
that their biggest business generators are not TV or internet D) you could take the edge off by watching videos of
animals doing funny stuff.
ads anymore. 4 Today, “buzz” gets created on social
media, and it is more important than ever for companies to
5 insure that they are showing the best possible face to 4
 
the world on social media. Maintaining that public face has The author is considering deleting the phrase not just
created a new job: Chief Listening Officer. Where a Social restaurants from the preceding sentence and adjusting
the punctuation accordingly. Should the phrase be kept
Media Manager might be in charge of a 6 companies
or deleted?
output on Facebook and other sites, a Chief Listening A) Kept, because it clarifies that the practice described
Officer is on the other side. A CLO scours blogs, Pinterest, in the essay is not limited to one industry.
tumblr, Facebook, Twitter, Google, Yelp, and whatever B) Kept, because it encourages companies other than
new site will be hot when you read this to make sure that a restaurants to hire Chief Listening Officers.
company’s public image is under control. C) Deleted, because it incorrectly implies that patrons
of other businesses discuss their experiences on
social media.
D) Deleted, because the previous paragraph is all
about restaurants, and this one is not.

5
A) NO CHANGE
B) assure the public
C) ensure
D) make insurance

6
A) NO CHANGE
B) companies’
C) company’s
D) companys’

17
 2 2
If a CLO sees a bad review on someone’s blog, for 7
instance, the CLO might contact a customer-service A) NO CHANGE
representative 7 and make it better to see if the situation B) and improve things
can be remedied. On the other hand, if a company C) and say, “Get on it!”,
8 unfurls a new advertising campaign and the ads are D) DELETE the underlined portion.
getting buzz on Twitter or many views on YouTube, the
CLO might tell his marketing team to keep up the good
8
work. The incredible 9 thing about this is that it is more
A) NO CHANGE
detailed than market research has ever been before. People
B) rolls out
share their entire lives on social media, and a single post can
C) unrolls
reveal not only someone’s positive or negative reaction but
D) roles out
also 10 their age, gender, location, social status, friends,
and so on.
9
A) NO CHANGE
B) thing about this kind of “market research”
C) thing
D) reality

10
A) NO CHANGE
B) they’re
C) your
D) his or her

18
 2 2
Some criticize the CLO position as a fad, suggesting 11
that companies are overreacting to the power of social Which of the following most directly answers the
media. 11 The fact of the matter is, however, CLOs will criticism presented in the previous sentence?
be needed as long as social media are around. After all, A) NO CHANGE
consumers are realizing that social-media reviews are often B) They see social media as temporarily popular but
not likely to endure.
the purest of the pure—neither that of an overrefined food
C) Teachers say that students spend too much time on
critic or tech geek nor that of someone in the pay of this or social media.
that company. The people are talking, and companies have D) They say that some social media outlets are more
at last made their “listening” official. effective than others.

19
 22
2 22
Questions 12–22 are based on the following passage. 12
Which of the following would provide a detail that
Gimme Fever… Actually, Please Don’t would best maintain the focus of this paragraph?
Medical science has created some modern miracles, A) NO CHANGE
but it can be difficult to appreciate just how miraculous B) many people died from this flu, especially soldiers
in World War I,
some of them are. The Spanish Flu hit the United States
C) it’s possible to get flu vaccinations at your local
in the 1910s, and 12 polio rocked the foundations of
drug store now,
America in the 1930s and 1940s, but it is difficult to imagine
D) it just faded away even though doctors could never
an epidemic like the Philadelphia Yellow Fever Epidemic of cure it,
1793. The official register listed over 5,000 deaths between
August 1st and November 9th of that year. These figures are
13
staggering when we consider that Philadelphia city,
Which of the following gives information consistent
13 the largest city in the country today, had a population
with the chart?
of over 1.5 million, and its surrounding areas had only A) NO CHANGE
about 50,000. B) the second largest city in the country at that time,
Rank Place Population had a population of only about 28,000,
1 New York city, NY * 33,131 C) second only to New York and Boston, had a
2 Philadelphia city, PA* 28,522 population of over 28,000 at the time,
3 Boston town, MA* 18,320 D) was larger than its neighboring New York City by
4 Charleston city, SC 16,359 nearly 10,000 people,
5 Baltimore town, MD 13,503
6 Northern Liberties township, PA* 9,913
7 Salem town, MA 7,921
8 Newport town, RI 6,716
9 Providence town, RI* 6,380
10 Marblehead town, MA 5,661
10 Southwark district, PA* 5,661
12 Gloucester town, MA 5,317
13 Newbury town, MA 4,837
14 Portsmouth town, NH 4,720
15 Sherburne town (Nantucket), MA* 4,620
16 Middleborough town, MA 4,526
17 New Haven city, CT* 4,487
18 Richmond city, VA 3,761
19 Albany city, NY 3,498
20 Norfolk borough, VA 2,959
21 Petersburg town, VA 2,828
22 Alexandria town, VA* 2,748
23 Hartford city, CT* 2,683
24 Hudson city, NY 2,584
* See Notes for Indiviudual Places.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census
Internet Release date: June 15, 1998
Table 2. Population of the 24 Urban Places: 1790

20
 2 2
It was not ultimately medical science that saved 14
the day during this epidemic. Doctors tried various A) NO CHANGE
14 things, but they were stalled by their inability to figure B) options
out both how the disease originated and how 15 it was C) management models
spreading. It therefore seemed a godsend when the frost D) treatment approaches
came in November, and the number of deaths tapered off.
Medical historians now know that the disease was spread
15
by mosquitoes, but this was 16 pretty shady until nearly a
A) NO CHANGE
century after the disease had come and gone.
B) it spread.
C) it had been spread.
D) its spread.

16
A) NO CHANGE
B) stupid idiocy
C) not verified
D) downright wrong

21
 22
2 22
[1] In 1793, Philadelphia was the second largest city 17
in the new nation of the United States. [2] As a result, A) NO CHANGE
all of the quarantine and curfew measures that 17 they B) one
tried to impose had failed. [3] Panicked politicians blamed C) city authorities
immigration. [4] The city’s College of Physicians published D) some
a letter in the city newspapers that spoke to the confusion.
[5] They recognized the epidemic for what it was, but
18
their eleven measures for prevention were haphazard and
A) NO CHANGE
confused and included the avoidance of 18 alcohol, hot
B) alcohol, hot sun and night air.
sun, and night air. [6] Philadelphia didn’t know what had
C) alcohol, hot sun, and also night air.
hit it. Dr. Benjamin Rush, one of the earliest and most
D) alcohol, hot sun, and the air of the night.
brilliant physicians in all of American history, blamed a
rotten shipment of coffee that had come into Philadelphia’s
port. 19 19
The best placement for Sentence 6 would be
A) where it is now.
B) at the beginning of the paragraph.
C) after Sentence 1.
D) after Sentence 3.

22
 22
2 22
It’s difficult to imagine an epidemic on this kind of 20
scale today. Moreover, Philadelphia’s relative prominence A) NO CHANGE
and sophistication in that era should give us pause. The B) back helplessly, as the disease
medical establishment sat 20 back helplessly: as the C) back helplessly as the disease
disease ravaged the city. The recent outbreak of 21 the D) back helplessly; as the disease
Ebola virus, in West Africa, provides a terrifying reminder,
of just how deadly certain diseases can be, when they are
21
unchecked or inadequately understood. 22 By the same
A) NO CHANGE
token, the Yellow Fever Epidemic provides a remarkable
B) the Ebola virus in West Africa provides a terrifying
instance of a city’s resilience in the face of adversity. As reminder of just how deadly certain diseases can be
the population of the city was literally decimated, and when
other yellow-fever epidemics continued to ravage the city, C) the Ebola virus, in West Africa provides a terrifying
Philadelphia persisted, and with it, the new nation grew reminder, of just how deadly certain diseases can
be when
stronger, just as it has in the face of crisis ever since.
D) the Ebola virus, in West Africa, provides a
terrifying reminder of just how deadly certain
diseases can be, when

22
A) NO CHANGE
B) On the other hand,
C) Therefore,
D) Thus,

23
 2 2
Questions 23–33 are based on the following passage. 23
A) NO CHANGE
The Singing Brakeman
B) strikes us as odd.
[1] C) appears improbable.
D) DELETE the underlined portion and end the
The early days of recorded music can be hazy. Many
sentence with a period.
people find it difficult to believe that artists recording before
the radio boom in the 1940s, or even before the rock and
24
roll boom in the 1950s, could have had any success at all
Which of the following would most effectively
23 seems doubtful. Despite this misconception, there is a
conclude this paragraph by introducing the main
treasure trove of recorded music from that era, and not only subject of the essay as a whole?
by the greats of bebop and swing. 24 A) It takes a real music connoisseur to know who was
famous before Elvis Presley.
[2]
B) Most of the best known names from the 1930s and
The circumstances of 25 Rodgers’s birth is obscure, 1940s are those of jazz singers.

but legend has it that he was born in Meridian, Mississippi C) One of these greats was Jimmie Rodgers, one of the
first megastars of country music.
in 1897. Little is known 26 for sure, but his father was a
D) Some of the greats were Robert Johnson,
foreman on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad in Meridian. Mississippi John Hurt, and Jimmie Rodgers.
Jimmie eventually became a brakeman, but 27 a health
issue cut his career short. He stayed alive for a few years
25
after his dismissal in 1927, but he could no longer work the
A) NO CHANGE
rails.
B) Rodgers’s birth are
C) Rodgers’s birth has been
D) Rodgers’s birth was

26
A) NO CHANGE
B) for certain,
C) for sure about his family,
D) for sure about his mother, father, and siblings,

27
At this point, the writer wants to include a detail that
provides specific information about Rodgers’s illness.
Which of the following would best fulfill that goal?
A) NO CHANGE
B) problems with his health
C) a bout of tuberculosis
D) one of the current diseases

24
 2 2
[3] 28
If the punctuation were to be adjusted accordingly, the
The recording had moderate success, and it sparked
best placement for the underlined portion would be
Rodgers to pursue his music career in earnest. In October
A) where it is now.
of that year, after Rodgers chased his dream, Victor
B) after the word year.
released “Blue Yodel,” better known as “T for Texas,”
C) after the word dream.
which sold 28 all the way to New York City half a million
D) after the word copies.
copies. Rodgers quickly became a household name, and
his trademark yodel would be known the world over. By
this 29 time, Rodgers had become the famous “Singing 29
Brakeman,” and his influence would be felt for many A) NO CHANGE
generations to come. B) time, when Rodgers
C) time, as Rodgers
[4]
D) time: Rodgers
This influence would not be felt only in country music
either: blues singer Howlin’ Wolf cited Rodgers as an early
30
30 influence, like Elvis Presley. Ultimately losing his battle
A) NO CHANGE
with tuberculosis at age 33, Rodgers may have lived a short
B) influence, as did Elvis Presley.
life, but if the history of American music is an indication,
C) influence, similar to Elvis Presley.
his influence is still alive and well.
D) influence, much like that of Elvis Presley.

25
 2 2
[5] 31
A) NO CHANGE
This inability to work, however, proved to be
B) chancy
31 fortuitous for Rodgers’s great passion—music. At age
C) blessed
13, Rodgers had already secretly organized two traveling
D) charmed
shows, only to be recovered and brought back to Meridian
by his father. Once Jimmie could no longer work the
32 rails, however, he pursued his musical career in earnest. 32
In Bristol, Tennessee, Rodgers organized his first band. That A) NO CHANGE
same year, the band was asked to record some songs for B) rails however he
Ralph Peer of the Victor Talking Machine Company. The C) rails; however, he
recordings survive today, though they feature a solo Jimmie D) rails, however he
Rodgers rather than his whole band, as a pre-recording
quarrel led them to break up. 33
33
The best placement for Paragraph 5 would be
A) where it is now.
B) before Paragraph 1.
C) before Paragraph 2.
D) before Paragraph 3.

26
 2 2
Questions 34–44 are based on the following passage. 34
A) NO CHANGE
Whale Grandmothers Know Best
B) a distinction,
We don’t often think to apply gender differences to C) a role that is distinct,
the animal kingdom. Certainly, males and females have D) distinct roles,
34 a distinct role, but these seem to be largely determined
by biology and by the propagation of the species. As a result,
35
many females do not live much beyond menopause, the
Which of the following gives accurate data based on
phase after which females can no longer reproduce. The
the graph?
data below show that 35 only a handful of animals, such A) NO CHANGE
as the black-tailed prairie dog, have any post-reproductive B) most animals, including homo sapiens, tend to
life span at all. Some species, however, like humans, short- have some post-reproductive life span.
finned pilot whales, and killer whales, have females who C) the common bottlenose dolphin has one of the
typically live two or more decades after shortest pre-reproductive life spans relative to other
animals.
D) no rodent species has any post-reproductive life
span at all.

Spectacled Flying Fox (Bat)

Arctic fox (Carnivora)

Northern Fur Seal (Carnivora)

White whale (Carnivora)

Bobcat (Carnivora)

Raccoon dog (Carnivora)

Common bottlenose dolphin (Carnivora)

Gray Fox (Carnivora)

Black bear (Carnivora)

Weeper capuchin (Primate)

Pig-tailed macaques (Primate)

Baboon (Primate)

Milne-Edwards’ Sifakas (Primate)

Gelada Baboon (Primate)

Northern American Beaver (Rodent)

Black-tailed prairie dog (Rodent)

t)

0% 25% 50% 75%

Before reproduction Reproductive life span

Post reproductive life span Record of longevity

27
 2 2
menopause. Scientists have long wondered why evolution 36
has determined 36 they should live so much longer, A) NO CHANGE
sometimes to be as old as 90, than their counterparts in B) any of them
other species. C) themselves

37 It seems that the social forces that define gender D) the female whales

may apply to the animal kingdom as well, even though we

37
consider animal behavior to be determined almost entirely
Which of the following would provide the most
by nature rather than nurture. After watching over 750
effective transition from the previous paragraph to this
hours of video and observing the behaviors of pods of paragraph?
whales, 38 whale grandmothers were observed to have A) The answer may have come from a recent study of
teaching behaviors by the scientists. 39 This knowledge is killer whales.
particularly useful for whale pods because the abundance of B) Killer whales are some of the most fascinating
marine species.
salmon is typically what determines whale life-cycles, both
C) Pretty much everyone knows by now that whales
reproduction and mortality. are mammals, not fish.
D) Scientists will experiment and try new things until
they find something interesting.

38
A) NO CHANGE
B) scientists observed that many of the teaching
behaviors were performed by whale grandmothers.
C) whale grandmothers were the most likely to exhibit
teaching behaviors.
D) teaching behaviors were observed from whale
grandmothers that were shown to scientists.

39
At this point, the writer is considering adding the
following true statement:
The older female whales were the most likely to
lead younger whales to salmon feeding grounds,
particularly in the periods where the usually
plentiful salmon were sparse.
Should the writer make this addition here?
A) Yes, because it clarifies some of the teaching
behaviors mentioned in the previous sentence.
B) Yes, because it gives some credit to older whales,
who were otherwise ignored in the study.
C) No, because the information conflicts with other
information given later in the passage.
D) No, because the scientists’ observations are not
given as conclusive.
28
 2 2
The scientists ascribe this behavior to what they refer 40
to as the grandmothers’ roles as “repositories of ecological A) NO CHANGE
40 knowledge” in other words. Sharpened memories B) knowledge” in other words; sharpened
and long experience of learned behaviors make the older C) knowledge,” in other words, sharpened
females extremely valuable to future generations. Without D) knowledge.” In other words, sharpened
this knowledge, the younger whales would not be able to
make the transition to maturity, and the species would not
41
continue to propagate. The elder females have evolved this
The writer is considering replacing the word longevity
longevity because the species, simply put, needs it. 41 with the word life in the previous sentence. Should the
writer make the change or keep the sentence as it is?
A) Keep the sentence as is, because “longevity”
provides a more formal way of saying the same
thing.
B) Keep the sentence as is, because the sentence refers
to the length of whale life, not only the life itself.
C) Make the change, because “life” provides a more
general way of articulating the point.
D) Make the change, because readers may not know
the meaning of the word “longevity.”

29
 2 2
42
42 From a gender perspective, these findings further
Which of the following choices would introduce this
break down the idea that gender roles are biologically paragraph most effectively?
determined. From an age perspective, the findings also A) Gender discrimination does not really exist in
show that societies that value youth and middle age to the whale communities.
detriment of old age may do so at 43 there own peril. B) Whale grandmothers know things other than
where to find the salmon.
Anyone with grandparents knows that these older relatives
C) There is a beautiful scene in Herman Melville’s
have experienced enough of life to know a thing or two.
Moby Dick featuring whale families.
In whale pods as well as human communities, it seems, D) The findings are interesting to non-scientists as
life may depend on the accrued knowledge 44 about the well.
secrets of life that have been gathered by the old people who
know about it.
43
A) NO CHANGE
B) their
C) it’s
D) its

44
A) NO CHANGE
B) of some of the secret-knowing people whose long
lives are long enough.
C) of those who have lived long enough to know the
secrets of long life.
D) the longer-lived people who are more secret
oriented.

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

30
No Test Material On This Page
3 3
Math Test – No Calculator
25 MINUTES, 17 QUESTIONS

Turn to Section 3 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.

  DIRECTIONS

For questions 1–13, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices provided,
and fill in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 14–17, solve the
problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer to the directions
before question 14 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may use any available
space in your test booklet for scratch work.

  NOTES
1. The use of a calculator is not permitted.
2. All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated.
3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated.
4. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.
5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x)
is a real number.

  REFERENCE

l c 60° x s 45° s 2
2x
•
r h b
w 30° 45°
b a x 3 s
A = πr 2 A = lw c 2= a 2 + b 2
C = 2πr A = 1 bh Special Right Triangles
2

•r
h r h h
h
w r w
l 
4
V = lwh V = πr 2h V = 3 πr3 1 1
V = 3 πr2h V = 3 wh

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2p.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

32
 3 3
1 3
The equation V = 35 – 135h is used to estimate the Alice is determining the cost of painting w walls in
volume, V, in ounces, of water remaining in a pot
her house. Her cost to paint the walls in her house is
h hours after the water starts boiling. What is the
meaning of the number 135 in the equation? the cost of a package of paintbrushes and one gallon of
x + wy
A) The number of ounces that boil away in one hour paint per wall. If the average cost per wall is
w
B) The number of ounces of water originally in the pot dollars, what does wy represent?
C) The number of hours it takes for all the water to A) The total cost, in dollars, of the paintbrushes and w
boil away gallons of paint
D) The number of hours it takes for one ounce to boil B) The cost, in dollars, of the package of paintbrushes
away C) The total cost, in dollars, of w gallons of paint
D) The cost, in dollars, of one gallon of paint

2
In the xy-plane, what is the slope of the line with the 4
equation 10x = y + 4 ?
Chiwei is buying CDs and sheet music for his choir.
A) 10
The regular price of each CD is $0.80, and the regular
B) 4 price of each copy of sheet music is $0.46. Because he
C) −2.5 is buying in bulk, Chiwei only pays 75% of the price
of each CD and 65% of the price of each copy of sheet
D) −10
music. He wants to know how many CDs, a, and copies
of sheet music, b, he can purchase with his budget of
$130. Which of the following equations can Chiwei use
to make this determination?
A) 130 = (0.75 + 0.65)(0.80a + 0.46b)
B) 130(0.75 + 0.65) = 0.80a + 0.46b
C) 130(0.75 + 0.65) = (0.80 + 0.46)(a + b)
D) 130 = (0.75)(0.80)a + (0.65)(0.46)b

33
 3 3
5 7
The volume, V, of a pyramid with a regular hexagonal The expression (y + a)(y + b)(y – b) can be rewritten
3 2 as y3 + cy2 – 9y – 54, where a, b, and c are constants.
base is given by the formula V = s h , where s is Which of the following is the value of c ?
2
the length of a side of the base and h is the height of the A) −6

pyramid. Which of the following gives s in terms of V B) −2

C) 2
and h ?
D) 6

V 3
A) s =
2h

2V
B) s =
h 3
8
h 3 Y
C) s =
2V

2h
D) s =
V 3

2a
S Z
6 a
5a2 + 13a – 6
X
Which of the following is an equivalent form of the
expression above? In the figure above, the area of triangle XYZ is 6a2.
A) (5a + 3)(a + 2) What is the sine of ÐXYZ ?
B) (5a + 2)(a + 3)
2
C) (5a – 2)(a + 3) A)
29
D) (5a – 3)(a + 3)
2
B)
5

5
C)
29
5
D)
2

34
 3 3
9 11
x2 + 8x + 9 = 0 To maintain a certain sense of openness on its streets, a
Which of the following pairs of values are the solutions city requires that any building constructed on a certain
for the equation above? street to be below a maximum height based on the
rectangular space between the building and the street.
A) −4 + 2 7 , −4 − 2 7 The requirement states that the height of the building
minus the sum of the length and depth of the space
B) −4 + 7 , −4 − 7 between the building and the street must be less than
60 meters. Which inequality shows the restriction of
C) 4 + 2 7 , 4 − 2 7 the depth, d, of the space between the building and the
street if the length of that space is 0.6 times the depth
D) 4 + 7 , 4 − 7
and the height of the building is 1.9 times the depth?
A) d < 35
B) d < 75
C) d < 120
D) d < 200
10
One equation in a system of equations is x = −16y2. The

second equation, when graphed in the xy-plane, is a

 3
vertical line that passes through the point  −9,  .
 8
12
What is the value of y2 for both of the solutions to the
If f(x) = xk for some constant k, and 2f(x) = f(16x) for all
system of equations? positive values of x, what is the value of k ?

3 1
A) A)
4 8
1
9 B)
B) 4
16
C) 4
81
C)
256 D) 8
9
D)
64

35
 3 3
13
The time, T, in years, between two consecutive
appearances of a certain comet can be modeled by
the equation T = 74.7 − 0.91m, where m is the number
of months the comet is visible from Earth with aid
during the first appearance. Which of the following is
predicted by this model?
A) An increase of 1 month of visibility in the first
appearance corresponds to 0.91 fewer years
between the two appearances.
B) An increase of 1 year between the two appearances
corresponds to 0.91 fewer months of visibility in
the first appearance.
C) The time between the two appearances is
0.91 years.
D) The comet was visible for 0.91 months during the
first appearance.

36
 3 3

DIRECTIONS
Answer: 7 Answer: 2.5
For questions 14–17, solve the problem and 12
enter your answer in the grid, as described below, Write 7 / 1 2 2 . 5
answer / / Fraction / /
on the answer sheet. Decimal
in boxes. . . . . line . . . .
0 0 0 0 0 0 point
1. A  lthough not required, it is suggested that
you write your answer in the boxes at the top
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
of the columns to help you fill in the circles 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
accurately. You will receive credit only if the Grid in 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
circles are filled in correctly. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
result. 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
2. Mark no more than one circle in any column. 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
3. No question has a negative answer. 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
4. Some problems may have more than one
correct answer. In such cases, grid only one
answer.

5. Mixed numbers such as 3 1 must be gridded 2

2 Acceptable ways to grid are:
3
as 3.5 or 7/2. (If 3 1/ // 2 is entered into 2 / 3 . 6 6 6 . 6 6 7
/ / / / / /
the grid, it will be interpreted as 31 , not as . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3 21 .) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
6. Decimal Answers: If you obtain a decimal 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
answer with more digits than the grid can 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
accommodate, it may be either rounded or 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
truncated, but it must fill the entire grid. 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

Answer: 201 – either position is correct

2 2 0 1
NOTE: You may start
0 1
/ /
your answers in any
/ /
. . . . . . . . column, space
0 0 0 0 0 0 permitting. Columns
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 you don’t need to
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 use should be left
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 blank.

37
 3 3
14 16
A band sells small, medium, and large T-shirts at each 4a – b = 60
concert. At the last concert, the band sold a total of 52 a + b = 24
T-shirts in these three sizes. The band sold 4 times as The system of equations above has solution (a, b). What
many medium T-shirts as it did small and 5 times as is the value of a – b ?
many small T-shirts as large. How many small T-shirts
did the band sell at its last concert?

17

15 x x2
If 2 = + 1 , what is the value of 2 ?
9y + 8 = 8 + ky – 5y y y
In the equation above, k is a constant. If the equation
has infinitely many solutions, what is the value of k ?

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section.

38
No Test Material On This Page
4 4
Math Test – Calculator
45 MINUTES, 31 QUESTIONS

Turn to Section 4 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.

  DIRECTIONS

For questions 1–27, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices provided,
and fill in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 28–31, solve the
problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer to the directions
before question 28 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may use any available
space in your test booklet for scratch work.

  NOTES
1. The use of a calculator is permitted.
2. All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated.
3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated.
4. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.
5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x)
is a real number.

  REFERENCE

 c 2x 60° x s 45° s 2
•
r h b
w 30° 45°
b a x 3 s
A = πr 2 A = w 2
c = a2 + b 2
C = 2 πr A = 1 bh Special Right Triangles
2

•r h
h r h
h
w r w
 
4
V = wh V = π r 2h V = 3 πr3 1 1
V = 3 π r2h V = 3 wh

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2p.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

CONTINUE
40
 4 4
1 3
A scientist treats a dish of bacteria colonies with a A map of a state park is scaled such that 1 centimeter of
toxin that will halve the number of bacteria colonies the map corresponds to 2 miles of the actual park. The
every 24 hours. What type of function best models the length of a hiking trail on the map is 4.2 centimeters.
relationship between the number of bacteria colonies What is the length of the actual trail?
and the number of 24-hour time periods? A) 0.625 miles
A) Linear growth B) 0.625 centimeters
B) Linear decay C) 8.4 miles
C) Exponential growth D) 8.4 centimeters
D) Exponential decay

4
2 Carly spent 5 percent of her 30-minute workout doing
A high school’s political science club currently hosts sit ups. How many seconds did she spend doing sit ups
debate events and book discussions for all school during her workout?
students. The club sponsor is considering adding A) 30
lectures from politicians and wants to determine
B) 60
how many students would attend if the lectures were
scheduled. Which of the following groups would be C) 90
the best sample for the survey? D) 150
A) 50 members of a political science club at a
neighboring high school
B) 50 randomly selected high school students
C) 50 randomly selected freshman students
D) 50 high school students who are currently in the
political science club

41
 4 4
5 6
A doctor’s office is hiring a medical billing company Which of the following equations best represents the
to type invoices for the patients at the practice. The total charge for carbon dioxide delivery, y, in dollars,
company charges a one-time fee of $125 plus $80 per in terms of the number of tanks of carbon dioxide, x,
invoice typed. Which of the following represents the ordered?
amount, in dollars, the doctor’s office will be charged if
the company types 5 invoices each day for y days? A) y = 25x + 15
A) 80y + 125
1
B) 80(5)y + 125 B) y = 15 + x
25
C) 80y + 125(5)
C) y = 15 – 25x
D) 125(5)y + 80
D) y = 25 – 15x
q

Questions 6 and 7 refer to the the following

information.

A gas tank company sells tanks of carbon dioxide to

scientific laboratories. The graph below represents the 7
current pricing for carbon dioxide delivery, which includes
Next month, the cost per tank of carbon dioxide will
a one-time shipping fee and a charge based on the number
decrease by a fixed amount of dollars, Z. How will this
of tanks of carbon dioxide ordered.
affect the graph shown above?
y A) The slope will increase by Z and the y-intercept will
not change.
140
B) The y-intercept will increase by Z and the slope will
130
120
not change.
Total charges (dollars)

110 C) The y-intercept will decrease by Z and the slope will

100 not change.
90
80 D) The slope will decrease by Z and the y-intercept will
70 not change.
60
50 p
40
30
20
10 x
0
1 2 3 4 5
Number of tanks of
carbon dioxide ordered

42
 4 4
8 9

P A production manager for a film company surveyed

movie patrons at random. The manager asked each
movie patron which of four genres of film the patron
preferred. The results of the survey are summarized in
Number of People

the table below.

Film Preference Survey

Genre of Film Teens Adults
Horror 9 3
y Comedy 13 17
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Action 8 14
Years Drama 7 6
Other 2 5
The graph above shows the number of people P in
a town y years after it was first established. During To the nearest percent, what percent of the patrons
which of the following time intervals is the population surveyed preferred action films?
always increasing?
A) 8%
A) 10 < y < 15
B) 14%
B) 4 < y < 10
C) 20%
C) 3 < y < 8
D) 26%
D) 1 < y < 5

10
The capacity of a plot of land to support a garden of
sunflowers depends on V, the volume of water (in pints)
needed to saturate the soil. A plot of land can support a
garden of sunflowers as long as the sum of the heights
of the sunflowers is no more than h feet, where the
value of h depends on V. The table below shows several
pairs of values of V and h.

V 22 38 46 52
h 55 95 115 130

Which of the following could represent the

relationship between V and h ?
A) V = 2.5h + 95
B) V = 0.4h
C) V = 40h
D) V = 40h + 5

43
 4 4
11 12
x 3 5 8
Start
f(x) 24 96 768

Some values of the function f are shown in the table

above. Which of the following could define f ? Finish Line
A) f(x) = 4(3)x
1 x The race car on the track above has stopped after
B) f(x) = (3)
2 traveling m miles towards the finish line. From this
C) f(x) = 3(2)x location, the car begins to drive at a constant rate
towards the finish line. Which of the following graphs
D) f(x) = 3(8)x best models the distance d the race car has left to travel
as a function of time t to reach the finish line from the
location shown on the track above?

A) d

t
O

B) d

t
O

C) d

t
O

D) d

t
O
44
 4 4
13 14
t=r An investment banker checks the amount of money
t = 1.8r – 6 in his portfolio each month. The portfolio is growing
by a constant amount each month. If a is the amount
The system of equations above has a solution (r, t). of money in dollars, m is the number of months the
What is the value of r ? banker has been checking the amount of money in
A) 4.8 his portfolio, and x and c are constants, which of the
B) 6.0 following is the best model of the relationship between
a and m ?
C) 7.5
A) a = cm
D) 10.8
B) a = x(c)m
C) a = cm + x
D) a = cm

45
 4 4
q

Questions 15–17 refer to the the following information.

The tables below show the distribution, by height of tomato plant, in inches, of four types of tomato plants that a botanist
grew for an experiment. She grew two types of tomato plants that produce cherry tomatoes and two other types of tomato
plants that produce grape tomatoes. She also recorded the total number of seeds produced by all tomatoes of each type.

Cherry Tomato Plants

Height of
Number
plants 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 Total
of seeds
(inches)
Breed W 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 0 1 0 0 12 162
Breed X 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 3 2 1 1 12 162

Grape Tomato Plants

Height of
Number
plants
(inches) 42 43 44 45 46 47 Total of seeds
Breed Y 2 2 3 3 3 1 14 217
Breed Z 4 4 6 6 6 2 28 406

15 17
What is the difference between the number of seeds If the botanist experiments with only plants from
per plant in Breed Y and the number of seeds per plant Breed W and from Breed X, what is the range of plant
in Breed Z? heights, in inches, in the experiment?
A) 0.50 A) 6
B) 1.00 B) 9
C) 1.89 C) 10
D) 2.00 D) 11

16
The median height of plant of Breed X is how much
greater than the median height of plant of Breed W?
A) 0.50
B) 3.75
C) 4.00
D) 5.25

46
 4 4
18 19
The volume V, in cubic inches, of a cone with height h, The function g is defined by the equation g(x) = t(x)2,
in inches, and radius r, in inches, can be calculated by where t is a negative constant. Which of the following
the formula below. could be the graph of y = g(x) in the xy-plane?
1
V = πr2h y
3
Assuming the height remains the same, the cone’s
A)
volume is multiplied by a factor of 9 if the radius is
multiplied by which of the following factors?
x
A) 9 O

B) 3

C) 3
y
3
D)
2 B)

x
O

C)

x
O

D)

x
O

47
 4 4
20 22
G The assessed value of a house represents the total
value of the house including all attached property
and outdoor living spaces such as patios, decks, and
swimming pools. The graph below shows the annual
property taxes, in thousands of dollars, and the
assessed value, in thousands of dollars, for several
homes in a neighborhood.
I 5 J y

22
20

(in thousands of dollars)

18
16

Property Taxes
14
12
F 10 H 10
8
6
In the figure above, the area of triangle IGJ is 30. What 4
is the length of GH ? 2
0 x
A) 13 100 200 300 400 500 600
Assessed Value
B) 24 (in thousands of dollars)
C) 26
D) 35
Which of the following equations is the best
approximation of the line of best fit for the data?

3
A) y = x+4
100

21 7
B) y = x+6
100
If b = a – 3 and c = a + 3, what is bc2 in terms of a ?
A) a2 – 9 9
C) y = x + 10
B) a2 – a + 3 100

C) a3 + 3a2 – 9a + 27 12
D) y = x + 24
D) a3 + 3a2 – 9a – 27 100

48
 4 4
q 24
Looking at these data, Lisa wants to estimate the
Questions 23 and 24 refer to the the following percentage of all packages mailed during the 2015
information. holiday season that weighed at least 40 pounds but less
than 50 pounds. Which of the following information
would allow Lisa to make this estimation?
2015 Holiday Season
A) The number of packages that weigh less than
150,000,000 10 pounds
125,000,000 B) The number of packages that weigh 50 pounds or
Number of Packages

greater
100,000,000 C) The number of packages that weigh less than
10 pounds and the number of packages that weigh
75,000,000 50 pounds or greater
50,000,000 D) The number of packages that weigh exactly
50 pounds
25,000,000

0 p
10 20 30 40 50
Weight of Package
(in pounds)

The histogram above shows the distribution of the weights

of shipping packages, in pounds, mailed during the 2015
holiday season from packages with a weight of 10 pounds
or greater up to but not including packages weighing 50 25
pounds. The first bar represents packages with a weight of y = –6x2 – 18x + 60
10 pounds up to but not including packages weighing 20
The graph of the equation above is a parabola in the
pounds. The second bar represents packages with a weight
xy-plane. In which of the following equivalent forms of
of 20 pounds up to but not including packages weighing 30
the equation does the maximum value of y appear as a
pounds, and so on.
term?
2
 3 147 y
A) x +  = −
 2 12 6
B) y = –6(x – 2)(x + 5)
2
23  3 147
C) y = − 6 x +  +
 2 12
Approximately 442,000,000 packages are represented
in the histogram. Which of the following is closest D) 3(2x + 3)2 + 2y = 147
to the percentage of packages represented in the
histogram that had weights from 10 pounds up to but
not including packages weighing 20 pounds?
A) 22%
B) 30%
C) 38%
D) 47%

49
 4 4
26 27
Rosario commutes to work each day by driving 50 p2 = 3 + q
kilometers per hour and then walking 6 kilometers 3=p+q
per hour. The total time he drives and walks is no
A system consisting of a linear equation and a
more than 1.5 hours. If d is the distance, in kilometers,
quadratic equation is shown above. If (p, q) = (x, y) is a
Rosario drives, and w is the distance, in kilometers, he
solution to the system, which of the following could be
walks, which of the following inequalities represents
the value of x ?
this situation?
A) –3
1 1
A) d + w ≤ 1.5 B) –2
50 6
C) 0
1 1
B) d + w ≥ 1.5 D) 3
50 6
C) 50d + 6w ≤ 1.5

D) 50d + 6w ≥ 1.5

50
 4 4

DIRECTIONS
Answer: 7 Answer: 2.5
For questions 28–31, solve the problem and 12
enter your answer in the grid, as described below, Write 7 / 1 2 2 . 5
answer / / Fraction / /
on the answer sheet. Decimal
in boxes. . . . . line . . . .
0 0 0 0 0 0 point
1. A  lthough not required, it is suggested that
you write your answer in the boxes at the top
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
of the columns to help you fill in the circles 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
accurately. You will receive credit only if the Grid in 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
circles are filled in correctly. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
result. 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
2. Mark no more than one circle in any column. 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
3. No question has a negative answer. 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
4. Some problems may have more than one
correct answer. In such cases, grid only one
answer.

5. Mixed numbers such as 3 1 must be gridded 2

2 Acceptable ways to grid are:
3
as 3.5 or 7/2. (If 3 1/ // 2 is entered into 2 / 3 . 6 6 6 . 6 6 7
/ / / / / /
the grid, it will be interpreted as 31
2 , not as
. . . . . . . . . . . .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3 21 .) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
6. Decimal Answers: If you obtain a decimal 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
answer with more digits than the grid can 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
accommodate, it may be either rounded or 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
truncated, but it must fill the entire grid. 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

Answer: 201 – either position is correct

2 2 0 1
NOTE: You may start
0 1
/ /
your answers in any
/ /
. . . . . . . . column, space
0 0 0 0 0 0 permitting. Columns
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 you don’t need to
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 use should be left
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 blank.

51
 4 4
28 q
5 < –2z + 0.08w < 6 Questions 30 and 31 refer to the the following
In the inequality above, if w = 180, what is one possible information.
value for z ? Gender of Vehicle Owner and
Style of Vehicle Registered in 2014

Style Albany, NY Trenton, NJ

of Male Female Male Female Total
Vehicle Owner Owner Owner Owner
Coupe 6,239 8,681 6,723 9,211 30,854
29 Sedan 8,320 7,987 9,092 8,448 33,847
A science class launches a rocket from the rooftop SUV 147 538 340 722 1,747
of the school. The rocket is launched from 30 meters Truck 948 676 507 941 3,072
above the ground. If the rocket travels at a constant
rate of 5 meters per second, how many seconds will it Other 146 311 238 185 880
take the rocket to reach a height of 150 meters above Total 15,800 18,193 16,900 19,507 70,400
the ground?
The table above shows the number and style of vehicles
registered to male and female owners in Albany, New York,
and Trenton, New Jersey, in 2014.

30
One registered vehicle with a male owner is to be
selected at random from Albany, and one registered
vehicle with a male owner is to be selected at random
from Trenton. The probability that the vehicle selected
from Albany will be a truck is how many times the
probability that the vehicle selected from Trenton will
be a truck?

31
If the combined number of male and female residents
of Trenton, New Jersey was 70,160 in 2014, what was
the ratio of the number of registered sedans in Trenton
to the number of male and female residents of Trenton?
(Express your answer as a fraction or a decimal.)

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section.

52
PRP # 06-0119