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1.4 Types of DC link:
For connecting two networks or system, various types of HVDC links are used.
HVDC links are classified into three types. These links are explained below:
1) Monopolar link:
Ithas a single conductor of negative polarity and uses earth or sea for the
return path of current, Sometimes the metallic return is also used. In the
Monopolar link, two converters are placed at the end of each pole. Earthling
of poles is done by earth electrodes placed about 15 to 55 km away from the
respective terminal stations. But this link has several disadvantages because it
uses earth as a return path. The monopolar link is not much in use nowadays.
De transmission
AC power
A{—c-
Converter
Fig 2: monopolar DC link
2) Bipolar link:
The Bipolar link has two conductors one is positive, and the other one is
negative to the earth, The link has converter station at each end. The
midpoints of the converter stations are earthed through electrodes. The
voltage of the earthed electrodes is just half the voltage of the conductor used
ion the HVDC.
for transmiThe most significant advantage of the bipolar link is that if any of their links
stop operating, the link is converted into Monopolar mode because of the
ground return system. The half of the system continues supplies the power.
Such types of links are commonly used in the HVDC systems.
1c transmision
Rie
a (per {a = |
“iment | AZ.
tet
Fig 3: bipolar DC link
3) Homopolar link:
It has two conductors of the same polarity usually negative polarity, and
always operates with earth or metallic return. In the homopolar link, poles are
operated in parallel, which reduces the insulation cost. The homopolar system
is not used presently.(Rector
a i! lk
Z| “SSIAZ -aD.
De transmission
egatve polarity
Fig 3: homopolar DC link
1.5 Typical layout of HVDC system:
The HVDC system has the following main components.
+ Converter Station
+ Converter Unit
+ Converter Valves
+ Converter Transformers
+ Filters
o AC filter
DC filter
o High-frequency filter
+ Reactive Power Source
+ Smoothing Reactor
+ HVDC System Pole