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Tutorial 2 Questions

This document contains tutorial questions for the course EE5500 Introduction to Photonics. Question 1 involves calculating properties of a multimode step index fiber, including the normalized frequency, number of guided modes, and core diameters for single mode operation under different conditions. Question 3 involves calculating the numerical aperture and cut-off angle of a step index fiber given its core refractive index and the cut-off angle. Question 4 involves calculating angles of incidence for propagation of fundamental and higher order modes in an optical fiber. Question 5 asks about the maximal separation between points on a wave field and the temporal coherence length of a quasi-point source. Question 6 asks about determining the transverse spatial coherence length of visible sunlight.

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saloni jain
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144 views

Tutorial 2 Questions

This document contains tutorial questions for the course EE5500 Introduction to Photonics. Question 1 involves calculating properties of a multimode step index fiber, including the normalized frequency, number of guided modes, and core diameters for single mode operation under different conditions. Question 3 involves calculating the numerical aperture and cut-off angle of a step index fiber given its core refractive index and the cut-off angle. Question 4 involves calculating angles of incidence for propagation of fundamental and higher order modes in an optical fiber. Question 5 asks about the maximal separation between points on a wave field and the temporal coherence length of a quasi-point source. Question 6 asks about determining the transverse spatial coherence length of visible sunlight.

Uploaded by

saloni jain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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July-Nov 2019 EE5500 Introduction to Photonics

EE5500 : Introduction to Photonics


Tutorial 2
(Compulsory questions - 1,3,4,5 & 6)

1. A multimode step index fiber with a core diameter of 80 µm and a relative index difference
of 1.5% is operating at a wavelength of 0.85 µm. If the core refractive index is 1.48, estimate:
(a) the normalized frequency for the fiber.
(b) the number of guided modes.
(c) the maximum core diameter for the fiber, so that it may suitable for single mode
operation.
(d) the new maximum core diameter for single mode operation when the relative refractive
index difference is reduced by a factor of 10.
(e) For the core diameter obtained for part (c), consider the source wavelength is changed
to 633 nm. Comment the nature of fiber operation.
2. Estimate the fiber core diameter for a single-mode step index fiber which has an Mode
Field Diameter (MFD) of 11.6 µm when the normalized frequency is 2.2.
3. A step-index fiber has a core refractive index,n1 = 1.425. The cut-off angle for light entering
the fiber from air is found to be 8.50deg.
(a) What is the numerical aperture of the fiber?
(b) What is the refractive index of the cladding of this fiber?
(c) If the fiber is submersed in water, what would be the new numerical aperture and
cut-off angle?(Assume refractive index of water as 1.33)
4. Consider an optical fiber having 3 µm core diameter, which is having a refractive index of
1.45 and the cladding is of a refractive index 1.4. Assume a wave of 650 nm is propagating
which crosses the axis of the fiber. Consider the electric field is perpendicular to the plane
of reflection on the boundary.
(a) Assume that the phase change at the core-cladding interface is negligible. Find the
angle of incidence for the fundamental mode and the next higher order mode which
propagates?
(b) Find the new angle of incidence required for propagation of the fundamental mode
considering the phase changes occur at the boundaries?

Hint:
• Condition for constructive interference for the modes considering reflections from up-
per and lower boundary is
2π
n1 cos θim .2d − Φ1 − Φ2 = 2mπ
λ

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July-Nov 2019 EE5500 Introduction to Photonics

where, n1 is the refractive index of the medium, Φ1 and Φ2 are the phase changes on
the upper and lower interfaces, d is the thickness of the slab, m is the mode number
(0 for fundamental mode).
• For θi > θc , the phase difference for the TE wave at the boundary is
" q n1 2 2 #
n2 n
sin θi − 1
ΦT E = 2 × tan−1
2
, for θi > θc
n1 cos θi

• Consider solving graphically using any plotting tool (Matlab, Python etc)

5. A quasi-point source has a spectral width of 0.006 µm and the mean wavelength of the
source is 0.6 µm. Determine the maximal separation ∆r between two points P1 and P2 on
a ray of the wave field propagation such that mutual coherence still exsists between these
points? Also determine the temporal coherence length lc of the source if it is kept in a
medium of refractive index n = 1.33?

6. Determine the transverse spatial coherence length of visible sunlight at the surface of the
Earth. The angular size of the Sun disc visible from the Earth’s surface is 2θ = 0.55 degrees.
A beam of visible sunlight (λ0 = 0:55 µm) is passed through a narrow slit with width a =
1 mm in an opaque screen S. Determine the transverse coherence length of the light in the
plane x; y behind the screen at distance z = 2 m in the direction x, perpendicular to the
slit.

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