5 16. (50) If a 14th-century composer wrote a mass.

what
would be the names of the movement? TQ: Why?
Chapter 3 Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei. The text remains
Roman Liturgy and Chant the same for each day throughout the year.

1. (47) Define church calendar. 17. (51) What is the collective title of the eight church
Cycle of events, saints for the entire year services different than the Mass?
Offices [Hours or Canonical Hours or Divine Offices]
2. TQ: What is the beginning of the church year?
Advent (four Sundays before Christmas) 18. Name them in order and their approximate time. (See
[Lent begins on Ash Wednesday, 46 days before Easter] Figure 3.3)
Matins, before sunrise; Lauds, sunrise; Prime, 6 am; Terce, 9
3. Most important in the Roman church is the ______. am; Sext, noon; Nones, 3 pm; Vespers, sunset;
Mass Compline, after Vespers

4. TQ: What does Roman church mean? 19. TQ: What do you suppose the function of an antiphon is?
Catholic Church To frame the psalm

5. How often is it performed? 20. What is the proper term for a biblical reading? What is a
Daily responsory?
Lesson; musical response to a Biblical reading
6. (48) Music in Context. When would a Gloria be omitted?
Advent, Lent, [Requiem] 21. What is a canticle?
Poetic passage from Bible other than the Psalms
7. Latin is the language of the Church. The Kyrie is _____.
Greek 22. How long does it take to cycle through the 150 Psalms in
the Offices?
8. When would a Tract be performed? Less than a week
Lent
23. Which of the Offices are most important musically?
9. Where does the Sequence fall? Matins, Lauds, Vespers [and Compline for the Marian
After the Alleluia Antiphons]

10. (49) Make a list of the sung Proper items. 24. The music for the Mass is published in the __________;
Introit, Gradual, Alleluia, Tract, Sequence, Offertory, the texts, in the ______________. The texts for the
Communion Offices are in the _________________; the music, in the
__________________. A book that has the "best of" the
11. Make a list of the sung Ordinary items. Offices and Mass is the ____________.
Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei, (Ite missa est or Gradual, Missal, Breviary, Antiphonary, Liber usualis
Benedicamus Domino)
25. (52) What are the three manners of performance? Name
12. When would a Benedicamus Domino be performed? them and define them.
When the Gloria omitted Antiphonal (two groups alternate), responsorial (soloist
alternates with a group), direct (without alternation)
13. The liturgy described in Music in Contexts dates from
the ___ century. 26. What are the three styles of text settings? Name them
11th and define them.
Syllabic (one syllable per note), neumatic (2-5 notes per
14. Define Proper? Ordinary? syllable), melismatic (more than 5 notes per syllable)
The text of Proper items change daily; texts for the items
which are classified as Ordinary do not change but 27. What is a recitation formula?
remain the same, day after day, throughout the year Melody on a single pitch with cadences for phrase endings

15. What are the two divisions of the Mass and for whom 28. TQ: What is the author getting at in “Melody and
were they performed? Declamation”?
[Liturgy of the Word] – catechumens = investigators There’s no rhyme or reason to the melodies
[Liturgy of the Eucharist] – communion for members

Burkholder/Grout/Palisca, Ninth Edition, Chapter 3

29. (53) The simplest chants are the __________ and Bible 43. Learn the performance practice for an Alleluia? TQ: Do
readings (____________, ______________, and you want to know why?
_____________). Who sang it? Soloist sings Allelu; choir sings Allelu plus the jubilus (the –
Prayers, Collect, Epistle, Gospel; priest or assistant ia); soloist sings verse until *; then the choir finishes it
out; the soloist returns to Allelu and the choir joins in on
30. Define Psalm tone and its parts? the –ia.
Formulas for singing Psalms in Offices Because it's the soloist part that will become polyphony
Intonation; mediant, termination
44. TQ: Would you have guessed mode 2 for Example 3.5?
31. The main (recited) pitch is the ___________. The ninth D seems to be the finalis and the range does go down to A, but
mode is the tonus peregrinus (wandering tone) because it I don't see a strong F reciting tone
has two recitaing tones (removed from the 9th edition).
Reciting tone [tenor in previous editions] 45. (59) Tracts are performed as ________ psalmody. TQ:
Are you getting “centonization” from the last sentence of
32. (54) What is the Lesser Doxology? the second paragraph?
Glory to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit. As it Direct
was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be, world
without end. Amen. 46. The Ordinary was originally performed by the
_____________, but in the 9th century it was changed to
33. The mode of the __ determines the mode of the ___ ________________.
___. When it does, the latter does/does not have to end Congregation; trained singers.
on the final.
Antiphon; psalm tune; does not 47. The Credo is in _________ style because
________________; the Gloria, which also has a long
34. What’s EUOUAE? text is set ____________. TQ: If you are a vocalist, have
The last vowels of the doxology. saEcUlOrUm. AmEn. you ever sung all the words of a Gloria in a choir?
Syllabic; long text; neumatically; no
35. What’s a cantor?
Singer 48. The Sanctus and Agnus Dei have ____________ text
setting.
36. Chancel? Neumatic
Area around the altar
49. What is the formal structure of a Sanctus?
37. (56) From your own experience, do you know what ABB’, A BC DC
hymn means? Their formal structure is ____________.
Song in praise of God; strophic 50. (60) Agnus Dei structure?
AAA, ABA, AB CB DB
38. Psalmody?
Singing of psalms 51. (61) The Kyrie has a ____________ text setting.
Melismatic
39. Fact: Introit, Offertory, Communion originally were
sung antiphonally and were known as action chants 52. What are its forms?
because there was “movement” during their AAA BBB AAA’, AAA BBB CCC’
performance.
53. What is an Ordinary cycle?
40. (57) Which parts are sung responsorially? Settings of Kyrie, Gloria, Sanctus, Agnus Dei, Ite, missa est
Office responsories, gradual, alleluia, offertory
54. What is the relationship of the Ite, missa est to the cycle?
41. Why are they often melismatic? It’s the first phrase of the Kyrie
Embellishments added
55. How many composers appropriate to chapter 3 are
42. Which Office serves as an illustration of responsories? known by name?
Matins that has nine Bible readings, each with a responsory More than 50

56. (61) What is a trope?

New melody and text; melody; text (prosula) on an existing
melisma

© 2014, 2009, 2006, 2001, 2000 Ted A. DuBois

6 72. (65) SR: List Hildegard’s works.
Ordo virtutum, 43 antiphons, 18 responsories, 7 sequences, 4
57. (61) Where would you likely find a trope? hymns, 5 other chants
Introit, Gloria
73. (66) What event happened in 1962-65 that killed chant?
58. Tropes were sung by ___________ and set Vatican II; the services went vernacular and the chants were
___________. It flourished in the _____________ replaced by shorter melodies
centuries but banned in the _________.
Soloist; neumatically; 9th and 10th; 16th

59. The sequence flourished between the _________ and

_________ centuries and had __________ text setting,
usually in _____________ and sung after the
_____________.
9th, 12th, syllabic, couplets, Alleluia

60. The sequence's origin is unknown. It may or may not

have anything to do with the Alleluia.

61. (62) What’s the form of a sequence? What is the length

of paired verses?
Equal; varied from pair to pair

62. What change was made in the 12th century?

Lost first and last single lines

63. SR: Who is the sequence expert?

Notker Balbulus (the stammerer, ca. 840-912)

64. (62) SR: Why did he write the verses?

To aid memory of melodies

65. (64) What is a liturgical drama? Name the two examples.

A religious play; Play of David; Slaughter of the Innocents

66. (64) Generally women were excluded from the church

service except where?
In the convent

67. TQ: What's a prioress? Abbess?

The person next in charge (superior) to the Abbot (or Abbess)

68. Who, at that time, wrote more chants than Hildegard?

What are the subjects of her chants? Where would they
be performed?
No one; the Virgin Mary, the Trinity, local saints; in the
Offices

69. What’s wrong with her sequences?

Paired lines uneven and melodies change within the pair

70. Her melodies are remarkable for their ___________ and

__________________.
Range (octave plus a 4th or a 5th); varied motives

71. Ordo has ______ songs. What is it's classification?

82; sacred music drama, a morality play

Burkholder/Grout/Palisca, Ninth Edition, Chapter 3

© 2014, 2009, 2006, 2001, 2000 Ted A. DuBois