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Present Perfect Tense

The present perfect tense is used to describe actions or events that began in the past and continue in the present or have relevance in the present. It is formed using have/has + past participle. There are two types of sentences in the present perfect tense: verbal sentences which use verbs, and nominal sentences which use nouns, adjectives or adverbs after have/has been. Verbal sentences follow subject-verb agreements rules while nominal sentences always use been after have/has. Examples are provided to illustrate the formation and use of both sentence types in the present perfect tense.

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266 views

Present Perfect Tense

The present perfect tense is used to describe actions or events that began in the past and continue in the present or have relevance in the present. It is formed using have/has + past participle. There are two types of sentences in the present perfect tense: verbal sentences which use verbs, and nominal sentences which use nouns, adjectives or adverbs after have/has been. Verbal sentences follow subject-verb agreements rules while nominal sentences always use been after have/has. Examples are provided to illustrate the formation and use of both sentence types in the present perfect tense.

Uploaded by

marinda
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Present Perfect Tense

The present perfect tense is used when talking about experiences from the past, a change
or a situation that has happened in the past but is still continuing today. This tense is an
important part of English grammar since it demonstrates that actions or events in the past have an
effect on the present situation. In addition, we must also be able to distinguish between the
present perfect tense and present perfect continuous tense because if the present perfect tense
describes the activities that you have done and finished, so that they do not do the activity. While
present perfect continuous tense is still doing it when you talk about it.

Example of present perfect tense:

I’ve watched that movie this afternoon.

Example of present perfect continuous tense:

I’ve been watching this movie for 1 hour.

In the example of the first sentence you don’t watch the movie anymore while in the example of
the second sentence right then you are still watching the movie. The present perfect tense has
two kinds of sentences, which are:

A. Verbal Sentence

Verbal sentences have only one characteristic. As the name implies, there is a VERB in a
sentence. For each tenses, the verb is different. Some use Verb 1 or present verbs, some use
Verb 2 or Verb 3. But now we will focus on verb 3. See the formula below:

Positive verbal sentence formulas for subjects I, You, We, They:

(+) Subject + HAVE + Verb 3 (past participle) + Object/Adverb

Positive verbal sentences formulas for subjects He, She, It:

(+) Subject + HAS + Verb 3 (past participle) + Object/ Adverb


Examples:
a. We have lived here for 4 years
b. She has lived here for 4 years
c. They have moved into a new apartment
d. He has moved into a new apartment

Negative verbal sentences formulas for subjects I, You, We, They:

(-) Subject + HAVE NOT + Verb 3 (verb participle) + Object/Adverb

Negative verbal sentances formulas for subjects He, She, It:

(-) Subject + HAS NOT + Verb 3 (verb participle) + Object/Adverb

Examples:
a. We haven’t lived here for 4 years
b. She hasn’t lived here for 4 years
c. They haven’t moved into a new apartment
d. He hasn’t moved into a new apartment

Interrogative verbal sentence formulas for subjects I, You, We, They:

(?) HAVE + Subject + Verb 3 (verb participle) + Object/Adverb + ?

Interrogative verbal sentence formulas for subjects He, She, It:

(?) HAS + Subject + Verb 3 (verb participle) + Object/Adverb + ?


Examples:
a. Have we lived here for 4 years?
b. Has she lived here for 4 years?
c. Have we moved into a new apartment?
d. Has she moved into a new apartment?

B. Nominal sentence
To make a nominal formula, the only way is to add “been” after the word has or have.
However it is not followed by verb 3, but followed by noun or adjective or preposition phrase
(adverb). This nominal formula is the same as the nominal formula in the present perfect
continous tense sentence. The following is the formula:

Positive nominal sentence formulas for subjects I, You, We, They:

(+) Subject + HAVE + BEEN + (Noun/Adjective/Adverb)

Positive nominal sentence formulas for subjects He, She, It:

(-) S + HAS + NOT + BEEN + (Noun/Adjective/Adverb)

Examples:
a. They have been beautiful since they was child
b. She has been beautiful since she was child
c. We have been healthy since a week ago
d. He has been healthy since a week ago

Negative nominal sentences formulas for subjects I, You, We, They:


(-) Subject + HAVE + NOT + BEEN + (Noun/Adjective/Adverb)

Negative nominal sentences formulas for subjects He, She, It:

(-) Subject + HAS + NOT + BEEN + (Noun/Adjective/Adverb)

Examples:
a. They haven’t been beautiful since they was child
b. She hasn’t been beautiful since she was child
c. We haven’t been healthy since a week ago
d. He hasn’t been healthy since a week ago

Interrogative nominal sentence formulas for subjects I, You, We, They:

(?) HAVE + Subject + BEEN + (Noun/Adverb/Adverb) + ?

Interrogative nominal sentence formulas for subjects He, She, It:

(?) HAS + Subject + BEEN + (Noun/Adjective/Adverb) + ?

Examples:
a. Have they been beautiful since they was child?
b. Has she been beautiful since she was child?
c. Have we been healthy since a week ago?
d. Has he been healthy since a week ago?

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