Types of Communicative Strategies Example:

o “One of the essential lessons I gained from

Nomination the discussion is the importance of sports
and wellness to a healthy lifestyle.”
 A speaker carries out nomination to
collaboratively and productively establish a Topic Shifting
topic.
 It refers to the act of the speaker wherein he or  It occurs when one intentionally or
she invites the participant to join in the unintentionally changes the direction of the flow
conversation or discussion. of ideas in a conversation.
 Basically, when you employ this strategy, you try  A speaker usually introduces a new topic when
to open a topic with the people you are talking he or she is not familiar or not interested with
to. the topic being talked about.
Examples: Examples:
o Do you have anything to say? o “By the way, there’s a new shop opening at the
o Have you heard the news about the prettiest girl mall.”
in school? o “In addition to what you said about the beautiful
o Now, it’s your turn to ask questions. girl is that she is also smart.”
o Does that make sense to you? Repair

Restriction  It refers to how speakers address the problems

in speaking, listening and comprehending that
 It refers to any limitation you may have as a they may encounter in a conversation.
speaker. Examples:
 It refers to the act of the speaker wherein he or o “Excuse me, but there are 5 Functions of
she restricts or limits participants from Communication not 4.”
contributing to the conversation or discussion. o I’m sorry, the word should be pronounced as
Examples: Pretty not priti.”
o In your class, you might be asked by your teacher Termination
to brainstorm on peer pressure.
o When you were asked to deliver a speech in a  It refers to the conversation participants’ close-
specific language. initiating expressions that end a topic in a
Turn-taking conversation

 It pertains to the process by which people decide Examples:

who takes the conversational floor.
 It is a process in which a participant stops o “Best regards to your parents! See you around!”
speaking and yields the floor to another o It was nice meeting you. Bye!”
participant so he or she could begin to speak. o That is all for today class, goodbye!”
Examples:
o Can we all listen to the one who talk in front of Speech according to purpose
us?
o Excuse me? I think we should speak one at a  Expository or Informative Speech
time, so we can clearly understand what we  The purpose of this speech is to
want to say about the topic. provide information history, theories,
o Go on with your ideas. I’ll let you finish first practical applications, etc. that can and
before I say something. will help the listeners understand
Topic Control something that is unknown to them or
already known but not yet clearly
 It occurs when the main or assigned speaker understood.
manipulates the discussion so as to maintain its
flow without moving away from or changing the  Persuasive Speech
topic.
 Participants should be mindful of verbal cues as  Seeks to provide the audience with
the main speaker uses statements such as “Let’s favorable or acceptable ideas that
focus on . . .” or “Let’s discuss . . .” to set the can influence their own ideas and
topic of the conversation or “As I was saying . . .” decisions.
or “Going back to . . .” to sustain or return to the
original topic.
  Entertainment Speech 3. Inexperienced speakers tend to ramble without
ever saying anything.
 This speech amuses the audience.
4. Extemporaneous Speech
Types of speech according to delivery
 Speaking with limited preparation
 Reading from a Manuscript  Guided by notes or outline
 Memorized Speech  Delivered conversationally
 Extemporaneous Speech  Most popular type
 Impromptu Speech Drawback:
1. May not have adequate
time to plan, organize,
1. Reading from a Manuscript and rehearse
 Usually used in the Formal Speech Context
 Fully written out, usually typed, and not folded
but placed in a folder for neatness
 Speaking with advanced preparation
 Planned and rehearsed speech
 Reading aloud a written message

Drawbacks:
1. The speaker tends to read without emotion
,lacking spontaneity, and may even sound
boring.
2. The speaker, most of the time, never looks
up from the manuscript being read.
3. Lacks audience rapport or connection.
4. The formality of the language of the
Speech/Manuscript often means the use of
complex words, jargon, or technical
language, unless they are experts in the
same field.

2. Memorized Speech

 It is also fully written out like the Speech that is

read from the manuscript.
 The speech is fully memorized.
 Speaking with advanced preparation
 Planned and rehearsed speech

Drawbacks:
1. Forgetting one’s line.
2. Lack of eye contact with the audience
3. There is a tendency to deliver the speech
without any inflection.

3. Impromptu Speech

 Speaking without advanced preparation

 Unrehearsed speech
 Spoken conversationally

Drawbacks:
1. Lack of preparation.
2. A speaker may have limited chance of filtering
words or ideas.