 Capitalize titles showing family

CAPITALIZATION RULES
relationships when they refer to
Use a capital letter for:
specific person, unless they are
1. The first word of every sentence
preceded by a possessive noun or
2. The word “I”
pronoun.
3. The names of people
e.g. Yesterday, Uncle Ben was so happy. Did
4. The names of streets, cities, states and
Sister Beth arrive on time? Our aunt forgot her
countries
keys. Tanya‘s grandmother once played the
5. The names of places
violin.
6. The names of days, months, and holidays
 Capitalize abbreviations of titles
7. A person’s initials
before and after names.
8. The greeting and the closing of a letter
e.g. before names: Mr., Ms., Mrs., Rev., Gen.
after names: Sr., Jr., Ph.D.
*Capitals for Proper Nouns
 Capitalize the first word and all other
 Capitalize all proper nouns.
key words in titles of books, periodicals,
e.g. Makati Avenue, Dusit Hotel, Boracay, North
poems, stories, plays, paintings, and other
America, Rowena Reyes,
work of arts. All words in a title should be
 Capitalize names of specific events
capitalized except articles, prepositions,
and times.
and conjunctions fewer than five letters.
e.g. Asean Summit, World War II, Ramadan,
These words are capitalized only when
Easter, Thanksgiving Day
they are the first word of the title.
 Capitalize the names of various
e.g. The Pretenders, Romeo and Juliet, On the
organizations, government bodies,
Road to Recovery, The Lives of the Caesars
political parties, nationalities and
languages.
*Capitals for Sentences
e.g. Rotary Club, Red Cross, Republican Party,
 Capitalize the first word in
Liberal Party, British, Mandarin, Spanish, Latin
declarative, imperative,
 Capitalize references to religions,
interrogative, and exclamatory
deities, and religious scriptures.
sentences.
e.g. Islam, Christianity, Buddha, Allah, Koran,
e.g. Our company will raise the salary of regular
Bible, Revelation, Genesis
workers.
Capitals for Proper Adjectives
Have you file your report?
 Capitalize most proper adjectives.
Bring the raw materials.
e.g. Korean people, Thai culture, Mexican
What an amazing journey!
foods, Paris fashions, Spanish epoch,
 Capitalize the first word in a
Nicaraguan accent
quotation if it is a complete sentence.
e.g. She said, “The children are exhausted.”
*Capitals for Titles
“My nephew works in Japan”, she said.
 Capitalize a person ‘s title when it is
followed by the person‘s name or
PUNCTUATION MARKS
used in direct address.
1) PERIOD Use at the end of a declarative
e.g. Atty. Jun Yanilla, Miss Edna Ravida, Admiral
sentence and in abbreviations
John Tan, Reverend Tim Chua
2) QUESTION MARK Use after any
 Capitalize all important words in
interrogative sentence.
compound titles but do not capitalize 3) QUOTATION MARK Use for direct
prefixes and suffixes added to the quotations
titles. 4) APOSTROPHE Use in contractions and
e.g. Commander-in-Chief , Vice President, ex – indicate possession
Senator Salonga
 5) COMMA Use to separate items in a dill, thyme, oregano, and basil, which are readily
series,to set off an apostrophe, or before the available in supermarkets; vinegar or citrus fruits,
conjunction in a compound sentence depending on your fruit preference; and a good
6) HYPHEN Use to join words serving as
quality oil.
a single adjective before a noun, in
number words, and to divide words into
QUOTATION MARKS IN FOCUS (“ “)
syllables
1. To quote exact words from spoken or written
7) EXCLAMATION POINT Use to show a
language.
strong emotion or to give a command
She said, “Come home.”
8) COLON Use to introduce a list and before
a final clause that explains something in a
2. To show titles. The titles can be short stories,
sentence
poems, articles,
9) PARENTHESES Use around extra non-
chapters, etc.
essential information that is too
Did you read the article “Building
important to omit
Vocabulary”?
10) SEMICOLON Use to join two
independent clauses that are not
3. To show that a word or phrase is used in an
connected with a coordinate conjunction
unusual way.
COLON IN FOCUS (:)
Her “farewell present” was a slammed
1. To introduce an item or a series of item
door.
I need an assistant who can do the
following: input data, write reports, and complete
4. To show that a word is used as a word, or that
tax forms.
letter is used
2. Before a long or formal direct quotations.
as a letter.
She kept repeating: ―I really want that
Look up the word “loquacious” in the
car!!
dictionary
3. To introduce a word, phrase, or clause that acts
.
as an appositive.
ELLIPSIS IN FOCUS ( … )
I know a perfect job for her: a politician.

1. Use an ellipsis when omitting a word, phrase,

4. After the greeting in a business letter or memo
line, paragraph or more from a quoted passage.
Dear Senator Allan Peter Cayetano:

SEMICOLON IN FOCUS (;) Full quotation: ―Today, after hours of

1. To combine two related sentences careful thought, we vetoed the bill.

(independent clauses) which are not joined by With ellipsis: ―Today…we vetoed the

coordinating conjunctions bill.

Exercising helps you to keep healthy and Full quotation: ―The best way to be healthy,

fit; proper nutrition is also important. according to the most prestigious doctors at the
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, is

2. To separate complete sentences (independent to eat right, exercise, and get plenty of sleep.

clauses) that are joined by conjunctive adverbs

Jane likes fruits; however, she does not With ellipsis: ―The best way to be healthy…is

like apples. to eat right, exercise, and get plenty of sleep.

3. To separate items when commas alone would 2. To express hesitation, changes of mood,

be confusing suspense or thoughts trailing off.

Homemade salad requires several basic I don ‘t know… I‘m not sure.

ingredients: fresh and dried herbs such as salt Pride is one thing, but what happens if

and pepper; fresh and dried herbs such a parsley, she…?

 8. You must bring the items on the camp out
HYPHEN IN FOCUS ( - ) sleeping bags, warm clothing, and good
1. Use hyphen to join two words or parts of words hiking shoes.

together while avoiding confusion or ambiguity. 9. Have you read Exodus 9 11-19?

e.g. run-down, up-to-date, off-campus, 10. He got what he deserved a praise from his boss.

well-being
Place a semicolon in the given passages.
1. Mom wants the chores completed moreover, she
2. Use hyphen in compound numbers from
wants them done properly.
twenty-one to ninety-nine.
2. We had students from Lima, Peru Manila,
e.g. fifty-one eighty-nine twenty-six
Philippines Bangkok, Thailand.
3. Michelle drives a Porsche Sonya drives a Jaguar.
3. In written fractions place hyphen between the
4. You should stop eating so much food you will
numerator and denominator.
have to go on a diet.
e.g. two-fifths one-third three-tenths 5. I know you don‘t like broccoli nevertheless, it is
very good for you.
4. Use a hyphen when a number forms part of an 6. I had a huge meal however, I am already hungry
adjectival compound. again.
e.g. 35-hour working week, 100-meter 7. I really like beef, with mushroom sauce pasta,
sprint with Alfredo sauce and salad, with French dressing.
Nineteenth-century novelist 8. Spring brings gentle rains and warmer weather in
addition to thunderstorms and hail.

DASH IN FOCUS ( --- ) 9. She calls it broom I call it the loo.

1. To indicate an abrupt change of thought 10. You need new brakes otherwise, you may not be

e.g. The movie involves three couple able to stop on time.

---but you probably

Place quotation marks in the given passages.
don‘t want to hear the whole plot.
1. She did not understand the word epoch.
2. To set off interrupting ideas dramatically
2. To get the past form,a dd ed to the regular verbs.
e.g. The star---if you can call her that---will
3. She shared her wisdom to me.
begin shooting
4. The student said, Is it applicable?
new TV movie soon.
5. The workers said, We demand an increase in our
3. To set off a summary statement
wages.
e.g. It was spin off of the number one 6. Do you have a summary of Romeo and Juliet?
comedy---this was all the critics needed to know 7. Let us read Why Women Wash the Dishes.
to predict success. 8. Rewrite g in its cursive form.
Name: _______________________________________ 9. You should pay her with your endless love.
Section: _____________ Score 10. Mother requested us, Please sleep on time.
__________________
Place ellipsis in the given passages.
Place a colon in the given passages. 1. She was not angry but she remained
1. Mix oil and vinegar at 3 1 ratio. 2. ―After school I went to her house, which was a
2. Attention Union Members few blocks away, and then came home.
3. I have found the perfect food chocolate! 3. I know I saw my keys somewhere
4. The boss has many good traits friendly, outgoing, 4. I never thought
and fair. 5. The brochure states: ―The atmosphere is tranquil
5. The soldiers shouted the following before leaving and you cannot hear the trains.
to war ―We shall return victorious.‖
6. My classmate is guilty of the two seven deadly Place hyphen in the given passages.
sins gluttony and laziness. 1. My mother in law is coming for a visit.
7. The poem closes with a question ―If winter 2. Does this come with moneyback guarantee?
comes, can spring be far behind?‖ 3. We need the help of your ex wife on this matter.
4. Twenty two pieces of puzzle were missing.
5. I need the two thirds vote of the majority.

Place dash in the given passages.

1. Some horror writers for instance Stephen King
have wonderful imaginations.
2. It bothers me when you continually oh never
mind.
3. Food, housing, and clothing all of these are
getting more expensive.
4. Our club raised five hundred pesos more or less
for the basketball team.
5. That the plane burned huge amounts of fuel this
was the concern voiced by the conversationalists.

PUNCTUATION MARKS
Write on the blank if the sentence is written with
correct punctuation marks and X if not.
____1. Our professor declared, ―It‘s nice to be back!
____2. Don‘t forget the 16-ounce size of canned
tomatoes.
____4. Twenty: four members of the club went to the
tournament.
____5. The well, attended program grossed over
$800.
____6. She didn‘t see the car coming; now, her car
has a huge dent.
____7. I bought a lot of meat at the store: bacon,
turkey, chicken and beef.
____8. I miss her usual expression ―Naku.
____9. Maybe I‘m not sure.
____10. I am really tired; however, I can‘t go to
sleep.
____11. ―You are all getting grades!‖ the teacher
teased.
____12. One of my favourite stories from the Bible is
Mark 4: 1-10
____13. The snacks for the hike included nutritious
foods; mangoes, nuts, and raisins.
____14. Never forget this point: Think before you
speak.
____15. The reporters were ―pro American in their
outlook.