1

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Rationale

Internet is an essential tool for facilitating academic activities. The services

provided by internet have had a major impact in the university context, in organization and

in teaching and learning methods. Internet has become an increasingly popular tool in

educational purposes. It partially replaces the role of traditional learning facilities such as

books and periodicals. With this uproar, the demand for student to rely on new media can

be traced on their level of internet usage. On a study of Jakson et al. (2006) regarding the

academic achievement of students it stated that student's daily use of internet has tapped

some major effects towards their academic performance.

Student's academic performance is based on their level of excellence in school. The

relationship of this variable to student's internet usage is yet unknown but there are

instances that empirical studies concludes that it has either boost student's academic

performance or has made a delay towards obtaining the expected level of learning.

Altough there are studies that claim that the Internet has become a learning facility

to students statistics show that only 14.4% of students use the internet for academic

purposes daily while 40% of students spend most of their time chatting on social media.

This basis proves that students often used internet for online socializing than scholastic

activities.

One study made by Kirschner and Karpiński (2010), stated that students tend to

reach higher level of understanding and comprehension when one spends more time on the

internet. It helps students learn new set of skill and features that they can apply personally.
 2

In contrary to this, a study made by Lipsmoin, (2007) concluded that students tend to

procastinate and set aside homeworks or school related assignments in replace to social

media engagement. With the two provided studies, it is yet to discover what applies more

to the output of this research. Therefore, the use of the internet will be a factor that will

affect the academic performance of students.

The overall purpose of this study is to determine the impacts of internet usage to

the academic performance of the senior high school students conducted in University of

Cebu Main Campus Senior High School Department.

Theoretical Background

This study was anchored on the Uses and Gratification Model Theory by Elihu Katz

and Jay Blumler (1974) and Information Processing Theory by George A. Miller (1956).

The Uses and Gratification Theory explains an approach that focuses on what

people do with media, as opposed to what media does to people. The theory explores how

individuals deliberately seek out media to fulfill certain needs or goals such as

entertainment, relaxation, or socializing. (David, 2016). This theory is applied to what or

how the students used the internet and how the internet is affecting the individual’s

academic performance.

In addition to this, the study applies the Information Processing Theory. The

information processing model can also be applied to the effects of the Internet use, by

explaining the process of cognitive development via the Internet through mental processes,

such as attention, perception, comprehension, memory, and problem solving (Johnson,

2006). This explains where the student or an individual’s attention is narrowed, and the
 3

mechanism in using the internet. This will reveal the advantage or disadvantage of the level

of internet usage in students’ cognitive development in their academic performance; at

most need of assistance and in order for academic excellence to grasp by creating

alternative solutions to enhance their academic performance.

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Theoretical Framework

Figure 1 shows the illustration for the concept of the study.

Uses and Information

Gratification Theory
Processing Theory
(Katz & Blumler,
1974) (Miller, 1956)

Internet Use

Academic
Performance

Figure 1. Theoretical Framework of Internet Use and Academic Performance

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Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine the impact of internet usage to the academic

performance of the senior high school students in University of Cebu - Main Campus

Senior High School Department during the first semester of school year 2019-2020.

Specifically, the study sought to answer the following questions;

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of?

1.1 level of internet use; and

1.2 academic performance?

2. Is there a significant relationship between internet use and students’ academic

performance?

Statement of the Null Hypothesis

At 0.05 level of significance, the hypothesis below was tested:

Ho: There is no significant relationship between internet use and the students’ academic

performance.

Significance of the Study

This study is pertinent to discuss the internet usage and how it affects the

students’ academic performance. This will be a benefit to the show individuals, groups or

communities who may be in a more privileged position on account of the study. Thus, the

study is important in the following people;

Students. This will help the senior high school students comprehend the benefits

acquiring proper internet usage and how to utilize their time browsing the internet and to

know the impacts of it to their academic performance.

 6

Teachers. The result of this study will provide information and will serve as an

effective guidance for the teacher to consider and encourage the senior high school students

to practice utilizing their time browsing the internet and when to do their school works.

Administrators. This study will benefit the administrators to address and help

students monitor their internet use. Also with this study they will help improve the student’s

time to amend the progress in their academic performances.

Researchers. This study will serve as an accomplishment to the application of all

the learning’s and expertise throughout the process of the study.

Future Researchers. This study will serve as a gateway of information and will

also benefit the researchers given the data gathered after the research is conducted. The

case will be to find out whether there are changes, alteration or any improvements that are

considered relevant to this study.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The researchers investigated and come up with the study that gave benefit more within

the community. Thus, the study determined the impact of internet use on the students’

academic performance in University of Cebu Main Campus Senior High School

Department during the first semester of school year 2019-2020.

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DEFINITION OF TERMS

To better understand our study, the following terms are defined operationally.

Academic Performance. This determines the overall performance of the students and how

well a student penetrates in a given certain tasks and studies at school.

Impact. It is the effect of a certain phenomenon.

Internet Use. The epitome of the study in correlation to academic performance or the

frequency use of the internet

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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

The literature review is composed of discussions of facts and principles to which

the present study is related and gives an overview of the previous studies done associated

with the current research. This literature review summarizes the various studies that were

undertaken that is relevant to technical proficiency.

Related Literature

Suhail and Bargees (2006) revealed that the internet usage impacts education in a

positive way by increasing communication with classmates and professors, increasing

access to libraries and educational databases, and improving study hours and study habits.

But one study of Qiaolei (2014) has sought to found out that there are many

negative effects in excessive internet use, he considered that on web enslavement

uncovered various manifestations shared by different types of addictions, including

substance-based addictions.

In addition to this, Derbyshire et al. (2013) uncover that issues related with

incessant web use incorporate a powerlessness to control the time spent on web and poor

scholarly execution.

Related Studies

According to Jibrin et al. 2017, the study reveals that internet has great influence

on the academic performance of students in these institutions.

To support this study, Ellore et al. (2014), undertook a study stating that the

accessibility of web is all over, most understudies have approached web on their

cellphones. This encourages understudies to expand their scholastic learning, examine and
 9

assignments by getting to data worldwide and furthermore upgrades simple

correspondence to the scholarly network (Siraj et al., 2015).

A study conducted by Anderson et al. (2012), discovered that intemperate informal

communication is inconvenient to satisfying different commitments and meddles with

resting hours, bringing about a delay of sleep times and rising occasions.

Olatokun (2008) carried out a study, that demonstrated most understudies accepted

the web to be obviously better and helpful than their school libraries. The web is at times

utilized as an advantageous learning material and has prompted an improvement in

understudies' scholarly exhibition (Siraj et al., 2015). A few understudies utilize the web

for non-scholarly purposes, for example, gaming what's more, interpersonal interaction,

accordingly finishing in loss of study plans (Singh et al., 2013).

It was discovered by recent studies of Mami and Zad (2014), Torres-Diaz and

others (2016), and Carter (2016), that proper and balance utilization on the use of internet

can lead to an academic achievement among students. University students maintain correct

practices over internet usage has vast impact in their academic performance (Sahin et al.,

2010).

A research by Ellore et al. (2014) examined the impact of internet use on academic

performance and face-to-face communication did not hide the fact that most learners had

access to the internet on their mobile phones as a result of internet provision. This enables

learners expand their information on education (Siraj, et al., 2015). Students need to use

the laptop and access internet resources in line with Akende and Bamise (2017).
 10

CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURES

Research Design

This study used non-experimental design using survey questionnaire that required

answers chosen from those given as options. It will utilize a correlation design which is

fact-finding with adequate interpretation and correlation procedures. Particularly,

correlation was used to determine the relationship of internet use and the academic

performance of the senior high school students of the University of Cebu.

Research Locale

The study was conducted at the University of Cebu Main Campus Senior High

School Department, J. Alcantara Street, Sambag 1. Cebu City, Philippines and was founded

in 1964 by Atty. Augusto W. Go. For senior high school, it offered programs in compliance

for the K to 12 Curriculum, namely academic, technical-vocational, and arts and design

tracks. It is a non-sectarian private institution. The institution’s core values are innovation,

camaraderie, alignment, respect, and excellence. Its vision is to democratize quality

education, be the visionary and industry leader, give hope, and change lives.

Research Participants

The respondents were the Senior High School students of the University of Cebu,

in strands of CSS and GAS, Tech-Voc track. There were a total of 30 students that are

randomly selected using the simple random technique, or the most basic sampling

technique where we select a group of subjects (a sample) for study from a larger group or

a population (Easton & McColl, 2016).

 11

Research Instrument

The researchers utilized the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) which is consists of 20

items, rated in a scale 0 = does not apply, 1 = rarely, 2 = occasionally, 3 = frequently, 2 =

often, and 1 = always. This assessment test is designed to determine the individual’s level

of internet use. Second, a questionnaire developed by Fauzi et al. (2014) consists of 11

items and is based on a 5-point Likert scale mainly 5 = strongly disagree, 4 = agree, 3 =

neutral, 2 = agree, 1 = strongly agree in collecting the data. These questionnaires were

composed of (2) parts; 1) demographic profile and general information and 2) general

questions. The questionnaires were tested reliability and validity to ensure an adequate

procedure.

Data Collection Procedure

The researchers made a letter of approval to conduct the study at the University of

Cebu Main Campus Senior High School Department. Informed consent was diligently

explained and discussed with the respondents in which it contained the ethical

considerations upon participating in the study such as the purpose, benefits,

risks/discomforts, voluntary participation, withdrawal from the study, and confidentiality.

Contact information such as cellphone number and email were included whenever the

respondents may feel to contact the researchers. A schedule to administer survey was set

on the expected dates that the respondents can answer with fewer distractions. Data were

collected over 1 week and a half by administering self-report questionnaires as per the

standard directions are given in the manual of instructions filled out by the students in the

presence of the researcher. 30 students were given the questionnaires at a time to ensure

that the participants understood and followed the instructions clearly and also to establish
 12

uniform test-taking conditions. The surveys were collected on the spot to provide a high

response rate.

Data Analysis

The level of internet use and the impact on academic performance were calculated

based on the frequency and percentage obtained for the categories mentioned for each of

the variables. Mean, and the standard deviation was calculated to examine the difference

of level of internet use and the impact on academic performance of the senior high school

students. We used the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) totally and computed

the aggregate statistical data.

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CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter discusses the data analysis and findings gathered by the researchers.

Level of Internet Use

Table 1. Level of Internet Use

Statements Mean SD
How often does your job performance or productivity suffer because
4.17 .747
of the internet?
How often do you block out disturbing thoughts about your life with
4.10 .712
soothing thoughts of the internet?
How often do you neglect household chores to spend more time
4.10 .712
online?
How often do your grades or school work suffer because of the
4.03 .850
amount of time you spend online?
How often do you lose sleep due to late night log-ins? 4.03 .999
How often do you prefer the excitement of the internet to intimacy
3.93 1.048
with your partner?
How often do others in your life complain to you about the amount of
3.90 .712
time you spend online?
How often do you try to cut down the amount of time you spend
3.80 1.030
online and fail?
How often do you find that you stay online longer than you intended? 3.70 1.119
How often do you snap, yell, or act annoyed if someone bothers you
3.63 1.325
while you are online?
How often do you become defensive or secretive when anyone asks
3.50 .820
you what you do online?
How often do you find yourself saying “just a few more minutes”
3.50 1.106
when online?
How often do you feel preoccupied with the internet when offline, or
3.43 1.104
fantasize about being online?
How often do you fear that life without the internet would be boring,
3.43 .774
empty, and joyless?
How often do you choose to spend more time online over going out
3.43 1.430
with others?
 14

How often do you find yourself anticipating when you will go online
3.43 1.194
again?
How often do you form new relationships with fellow online users? 3.40 1.302
How often do you try to hide how long you’ve been online? 3.37 1.299
How often do you feel depressed, moody, or nervous when you are
3.30 .794
offline, which goes away once you are back online?
How often do you check your e-mail before something else that you
3.00 .871
need to do?
Weighted Mean 3.6600
Overall Standard Deviation .45266

Mean Range Description

4.2 – 5.00 Very High Proficiency
3.4 - 4.6 High Proficiency
2.6 - 3.2 Average
1.8 – 2.5 Low Proficiency
1.00 – 1.7 Very Low Proficiency

Table 1 shows the level of internet use, and found out that student’s job

performance or productivity suffers the most in using the internet, it simply means that

students used the internet for recreational activities other than doing school works, second

is that internet has been an appeasing tool for a student’s mental pressures. But neglected

household chores because of tardiness and is engaged in the thought of just using the

internet, exposing to too much use of internet can affect and put the student’s grades and

scores into the verge, parents and the students should be fully aware. Lack of sleep because

of an excessive use is very common to teenagers, for it boosts their self-satisfaction and

self-entertainment. And it appears that checking e-mails before doing something else isn’t

really necessary in the perspectives of the students.

 15

Academic Performance

Table 2. Academic Performance

Statements Mean SD
I put bookmarks to websites related to my course of study so that I
3.17 1.205
could access them easily in the future.
I exchange e-mails with my colleagues to discuss matters related with
2.83 1.315
my academic work.
I frequently use the Learning Management System Portal (Putera LMS)
2.73 1.258
as part of my learning activity.
I use email to communicate with my lecturers. 2.37 .964
I use forums to exchange opinions on academic matters with my
2.17 .648
friends.
I access the library website to search for academic books. 2.03 .964
I seek the latest information online to enhance my knowledge related to
1.87 .819
the course taken in the university.
I use the internet as the main source of information for my studies. 1.87 .730
I seek information from the internet for learning activities. 1.63 .669
I search for materials from the internet to complete my assignment. 1.63 .669
I inform my friends concerning useful websites related with the courses
1.40 .563
taken.
Weighted Mean 2.1545
Overall Standard Deviation .46731

Mean Range Description

4.2 – 5.00 Very High Proficiency
3.4 - 4.6 High Proficiency
2.6 - 3.2 Average
1.8 – 2.5 Low Proficiency
1.00 – 1.7 Very Low Proficiency

In table 2 shows that bookmarking sites can help students to index the recent tab

faster in the search engines. It is a useful way to relocate the traces of websites you had

visited, especially those websites that is related with scholastic works that could help

students improve their academic performance.

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Mean Standard P-value R- Decision Interpretation

Deviation value to Ho
Level of 3.66 .453
Internet Use
Academic 2.15 .467 -.537 .002 Accept There is no
Performance

Table 3. T-test result on the relationship between internet use and academic performance

The computed results attest that there is no significant relationship between the

level of internet use and academic performance. Proven thereby, that the level of internet

use of students will not affect or determine their standing in academic performance.

Furthermore, students who either spend much or less time using the internet will not have

a specific correlation to how well they perform in class.

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CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter looks at the summary of findings, conclusions, recommendations,

and suggestions for further research.

Summary of Findings

The respondents of this study were the “15” grade 12 ITCP, “9” grade 12 GAS

and “6” grade 12 COOKERY students an overall of 30 grade 12 students.

Second, level of internet usage is highly test through the use of “Internet

Addiction Test (IAT), and a survey questionnaire proposed by Fauzi et al.” that results to

“3.66”in which results to a high proficiency level of internet use.

Lastly, there is no significant relationship between internet usage and academic

performance. Based on the results of the survey, this showed that having the use of

internet simply didn’t affect the grade and other school performance. Some of the

students use the internet for them to strengthen their perspective in a more wide area.

Conclusion

Based on the results, it showed that there is no significant relationship between

internet usage and academic performance. Internet is widely use around the world and it

also connects us to anyone from afar and improves our perspective into a greater way of

thinking. Academic performance of the students is constantly increasing and improved

with the help of old fashioned ways of learning and a slight use of internet.
 18

Recommendations

Based on the results, the following recommendations are drawn:

 Student’s leisure time is used mostly to online gaming and social media, parents

are also advised to limit the child’s way of using the internet. The

interrelationship between their personal space might be distant than of the virtual

world.

 Learning to lessen or reducing the use of internet would be a better idea to help

individuals especially to the students to enhance their scholastic works, and set

aside the recreational activities.

 Student’s having to choose between the internet or the household chores and

school works, they should chose the latter. The internet rather not use for futility,

instead, use it as a way to be productive and gather new ideas for future works.

Time management and self-control is devoted to make everyone’s works put into

place, tardiness and procrastination should not be tolerated for it loses academic

achievements.
 19

References
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Easton,V.J. & McColl, J.H., (2016). Statistics Glossary. 1(1).
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Face-to-Face Communication. Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Science, 2(2),
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Fauzi, A.M. A. et al., (2014). Use of Internet for Academic Purposes Among Students in
Malaysian Institutions of Higher Education. TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal
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Johnson, G.M., (2006). College Student Internet Use: Convenience and Amusement.
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Sahin, Y.G. et al., (2010). The Use of Internet Resources by University Students during
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APPENDICES

Appendix A
Transmittal Letter

University of Cebu
Senior High School Department
J. Alcantara St., Cebu City

July 30, 2019

DR. ABELADRO T. TEJO JR.

Senior High School Principal
University of Cebu - Pri
J. Alcantara St., Cebu City

Sir:

Greetings! We are conducting a research entitled, “The Impact of Internet Use to the Academic
Performance of the Senior High School Students”. The purpose of this study is determine the
impact of the internet use to the academic performance of the senior high school students. We
humble seek for your permission to grant us access to our participants and administer our survey.
The success of this research will never be possible without you. God bless!

Sincerely,

ILOSORIO, ANNE JENEL/12/CSS/1P PROVIDENCE

Research Group Representative/Grade/Strand/Section

Noted:

JADE KELLY LINAWAGAN

Research Adviser

Approved:

ABELARDO T. TEJO JR., Ed.D.

SHS Principal - University of Cebu – Pri
 22

Appendix B

Informed Consent

Dear Respondents:

Good day! As part of our research journey, we are conducting a study on “The Impact of Internet Use to
the Academic Performance of the Senior High School Students”. We hope that you can share few minutes
of your time to share your experience in relation to the said topic.

Purpose

This study examines the Internet Use of the Senior High School students in the University of Cebu – Pri.

Benefits of the Research

The present study will provide us a clearer understanding of the Senior High School students’ survey answers,
depict the reasons that will base on the data gathered, and observed about level of internet use and academic
performance.

Risks and Discomforts

There are risks involved in all research studies. This study may include only minimal risks, i.e.
you may become uncomfortable when answering some questions.

Voluntary Participation

Your participation in this study is completely voluntary and you may choose to stop participating at any time.
Your decision not to volunteer will not influence the nature of your relationship to the researchers and the
University.

Withdrawal from the Study

You can stop participating in the study at any time, for any reason, if you so decide. Your decision to stop
participating will not affect your relationship with the researcher, University of Cebu, or other groups
associated with this project. In the event that you withdraw from the study, all associated data collected will
be immediately destroyed whenever possible.

Confidentiality

Data gathered based on your answer to the survey will be used to ensure the accuracy and fidelity of the
responses given. Any information obtained from you will remain highly confidential and will be used for
research-related purposes.

If ever you need to contact us about our research, you may reach us at 09388291929s or email us at
[email protected].

Conforme:

I fully understand and agree to the terms and conditions set by the researchers. I therefore attest that I
answered all the questions with all honesty.

_____________________________
Signature over Printed Name/ Date
 23

Appendix C
Survey Questionnaire
I. Personal Data

Name: ____________________________Grade/Strand/Section: __________________________

Gender: Male Female

Instructions: Please read all questions carefully and respond to all questions to the best of your
ability by putting (✓) in the box.
24