Chapter 27

Atoms

Solutions

SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions
1. An alpha particle colliding with one of the electrons in a gold atom loses
1
(1) Most of its momentum (2) About rd of its momentum
3
(3) Little of its energy (4) Most of its energy
Sol. Answer (3)
The mass of an electron is hundred of times lesser than the mass of an alpha particle. Hence the alpha
particles does not transfer much of its energy on collision with the electron.

2. According to classical theory, Rutherford atom was

(1) Electrostatically stable (2) Electrodynamically unstable
(3) Semi stable (4) Stable
Sol. Answer (1)
Rutherford designed his theory to be electrostatically stable.

3. The angular momentum of an electron in a hydrogen atom is proportional to (where r is radius of orbit)
1 1
(1) (2) (3) r (4) r2
r r
Sol. Answer (3)
The angular momentum of an electron is quantised as
nh
 mvr =
2π
While radius of the nth orbit is r = n2r0 where, r0 = 0.53 Å

4. When a hydrogen atom is raised from the ground state to third state
(1) Both kinetic energy and potential energy increase
(2) Both kinetic energy and potential energy decrease
(3) Potential energy increases and kinetic energy decreases
(4) Potential energy decreases and kinetic energy increases
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116 Atoms Solution of Assignment

Sol. Answer (3)

When hydrogen atom is raised from the ground state to third state

E0 E0
E= 2 or E=
3 9

−2E0 E0
or PE is and KE is while initially, PE was –2E0 and KE was E0.
9 9

Hence, potential energy increases and kinetic energy decreases.

5. What is the angular momentum of an electron in Bohr’s hydrogen atom whose energy is –3.4 eV?

h 2h h 1
(1) (2) (3) (4)
  2 4

Sol. Answer (1)

E0
E=−
n2

13.6eV
3.4 =
n2

13.6
n2 =
3.4

68
n2 = =4
17

or n = 2

nh h
Hence mvr = or
2π π

E
6. The energy levels of a certain atom for first, second and third levels are E, 4 and 2E respectively.
3
A photon of wavelength  is emitted for a transition 3  1. What will be the wavelength of emission for transition
2 1?

 3 4
(1)
3
(2) 3 (3)
4
(4)
3

Sol. Answer (2)

hc
E = 2E – E = 
1

hc
E= 
1

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Solution of Assignment Atoms 117

4E hc
Similarly E 
3 2

E hc
 
3 2

 = 3

7. The ground state energy of H - atom is –13.6 eV. The energy needed to ionise H - atom from its second excited
state is
(1) 1.51 eV (2) 3.4 eV (3) 13.6 eV (4) 12.1 eV

Sol. Answer (1)

E0
Energy for nth excited state =
(n + 1)2

13.6
 To ionise H-atom from its second excited state = = 1.51 eV
9

8. If element with principal quantum number n > 4 were not allowed in nature, then the number of possible
elements would be
(1) 60 (2) 32 (3) 4 (4) 64

Sol. Answer (1)

Number of electron possible in a shell is given by

N = 2n2

where n is number of the shell

N1 = 2 N2 = 8 N3 = 18 N4 = 32

Total N = 2 + 8 + 18 + 32 = 60 atoms

9. The angular speed of electron in the nth orbit of hydrogen atom is

(1) Directly proportional to n2 (2) Directly proportional to n
(3) Inversely proportional to n3 (4) Inversely proportional to n

Sol. Answer (3)

nh
mvr =
2π

2 nh
 m ωr =
2π

n
 ω∝
r2
As, r  n2

1
 ω∝
n3

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118 Atoms Solution of Assignment

10. Of the various series of the hydrogen spectrum, the one which lies completely in the ultraviolet region is
(1) Lyman series (2) Balmer series (3) Paschen series (4) Brackett series
Sol. Answer (1)
The series will the highest frequencies is the Lyman series. Thus it is almost always in the electromagnetic.

11. As the n (number of orbit) increases, the difference of energy between the consecutive energy levels
(1) Remains the same (2) Increases
(3) Decreases (4) Sometimes increases and sometimes decreases
Sol. Answer (3)
The difference in energy, between consecutive energy levels keeps reducing as easily predicted by the
equation of the line spectra, for hydrogen atom

R⎛ 1 1⎞
ν= −
c ⎝ nf2 ni2 ⎟⎠
⎜

12. The magnetic field induction produced at the centre of orbit due to an electron revolving in nth orbit of hydrogen
atom is proportional to
(1) n–3 (2) n–5 (3) n5 (4) n3
Sol. Answer (2)

nh nh 1
mvr = → m ωr 2 = →ω∝ 3
2π 2π n

I
I = qe as r  n2
2π

I
B = µ0
2r

μ0 ω
B= again as r  n2
2π 2r

1
 B∝
n5

13. The speed of an electron in the orbit of hydrogen atom in the ground state is
(1) c (2) c/10 (3) c/2 (4) c/137
Sol. Answer (4)
The speed of electron in ground state of an hydrogen atom is about 2.2 × 106 m/s. Which is approximately
c
, when c is the speed of light.
137

14. If the radius of the first orbit of hydrogen atom is 5.29 × 10–11 m, the radius of the second orbit will be
(1) 21.16 × 10–11 metre (2) 15.87 × 10–11 metre (3) 10.58 × 10–11 metre (4) 2.64 × 10–11 metre
Sol. Answer (1)
Radius of nth orbit = n2r0
Radius of 2nd orbit = 4r0
[r0  5.3 × 10–11 m]
 Hence radius needed  21.16 × 10–11 m

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Solution of Assignment Atoms 119
15. The ratio of minimum to maximum wavelength of radiation emitted by transition of an electron to ground state
of Bohr’s hydrogen atom is

3 1 1 3
(1) (2) (3) (4)
4 4 8 8
Sol. Answer (1)
Minimum wavelength (1)

1 ⎛ 1 1⎞
= R⎜ 2 − ⎟ ....(i)
λ1 ⎝1 ∞⎠

Maximum wavelength (2)

1 ⎛1 1⎞
= R⎜ 2 − 2 ⎟ ....(ii)
λ2 ⎝1 2 ⎠

λ1 3
=
λ2 4

16. In Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom, the ratio between the period of revolution of an electron in the orbit of
n = 1 to the period of revolution of the electron in the orbit n = 2 is
(1) 1 : 2 (2) 2:1 (3) 1:4 (4) 1:8
Sol. Answer (4)
Period of electron in nth orbit
2πrn
Tn =
vn

2πr0 n 3
Tn =
v0
T1 : T2 = 1 : 8

17. How many times does the electron go round the first Bohr orbit in a second?
(1) 6.57 × 105 (2) 6.57 × 1010 (3) 6.57 × 1013 (4) 6.57 × 1015
Sol. Answer (4)
T0 in ground state of hydrogen is  1.51 × 10–16 s

1 1
Number of revolution = (f) = =  6.57 × 1015
T0 1.5 × 10 −16

18. The ratio of the energies of the hydrogen atom in its first excited state to second excited state is
(1) 1/4 (2) 4/9 (3) 9/4 (4) 4

Sol. Answer (3)

E0
Energy in its 1st excited =
4

E0
Energy in its 2nd excited state =
9
E1 : E2 = 9 : 4

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120 Atoms Solution of Assignment

19. Which of the following transitions in a hydrogen atom emit photons of lowest frequency?
(1) n = 2 to n = 1 (2) n = 4 to n = 2 (3) n = 4 to n = 3 (4) n = 3 to n = 1
Sol. Answer (3)
The pair for which the value

⎛ 1 1⎞
f = cR ⎜ 2 − 2 ⎟
⎝ nf ni ⎠

is lowest is 4 and 3

20. The energy of hydrogen-atom in its ground state is –13.6 eV. The energy of the level corresponding to n = 5
is
(1) –0.544 eV (2) –5.40 eV (3) –0.85 eV (4) –2.72 eV
Sol. Answer (1)

E0
Energy in a hydrogen atom varies as E =
n2
E0 = –13.6 eV n=5

−13.6
E=
52
or E = –0.544 eV

21. If the electron in hydrogen atom jumps from third orbit to second orbit, the wavelength of the emitted radiation
is given by

36 5R 5 R
(1)   (2)  (3)  (4) 
5R 36 R 6
Sol. Answer (1)

1 ⎛ 1 1⎞
= R⎜ 2 − 2 ⎟
λ ⎝ nf ni ⎠

1 ⎛ 1 1⎞
= R⎜ − ⎟
λ ⎝4 9⎠

1 ⎛9 − 4⎞
= R⎜
λ ⎝ 36 ⎟⎠

36
λ=
5R

22. When an electron is excited to nth energy state in hydrogen, the possible number of spectral lines emitted
are

n2  n n2  n
(1) n (2) 2n (3) (4)
2 2
Sol. Answer (3)

n n(n  1)
C2 
2

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Solution of Assignment Atoms 121
23. Which series of hydrogen atom lie in infra red region?
(1) Lyman (2) Balmer
(3) Brackett, Paschen and Pfund (4) All of these

Sol. Answer (3)

The Brackett, Paschen and Pfund series are series which lie in the infrared region.

24. Using Bohr’s formula for energy quantization, the ionisation potential of the ground state of Li++ atoms is
(1) 122 V (2) 13.6 V (3) 3.4 V (4) 10.2 V

Sol. Answer (1)

Energy in a shell of an atom is given by

Z2
E = E0
n2

ELi = 13.6 × 9 or  122 V

25. The total energy of an electron in the hydrogen atom in the ground state is –13.6 eV. The kinetic energy of
this electron is
(1) 13.6 eV (2) 0 (3) –13.6 eV (4) 6.8 eV

Sol. Answer (1)

Total energy = –PE + KE
where PE = –2KE
 KE = 13.6 eV

26. The wavelength of first member of Balmer series in hydrogen spectrum is . Calculate the wavelength of first
member of Lyman series in the same spectrum
(1) (5/27) (2) (4/27) (3) (27/5) (4) (27/4)

Sol. Answer (1)

1 ⎛ 1 1⎞
= R⎜ 2 − 2 ⎟ [For 1st members of Balmer series]
λ1 ⎝2 3 ⎠

1 ⎛1 1⎞
= R⎜ 2 − 2 ⎟ [For 1st members of Lyman series]
λ2 ⎝1 2 ⎠

λ1 36 3
= ×
λ2 5 4

5
λ 2 = λ1 ×
27

27. Which state of triply ionised beryllium (Be3+) has the same orbital radius as that of the ground state of
hydrogen?
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4

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122 Atoms Solution of Assignment

Sol. Answer (2)

n2
Radius = 0.53 Å
Z

n2
For radius of Beryllium to be same as hydrogen's ground state = =1
Z
n2 = 4
n=2

28. Energy levels A, B, C of a certain atom correspond to increasing values of energy i.e. EA < EB < EC. If 1, 2
and 3 be the wavelength corresponding to the transitions C to B, B to A and C to A respectively, then which
of the following is correct?

1 2
(1) 3 = 1 + 2 (2) 3  (3) 1 = 23/2 + 3 (4) 32/12 + 22
( 1   2 )

Sol. Answer (2)

EC > EB > EA

1 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
= R⎜ 2 − 2 ⎟ ....(i)
λ1 ⎝ nB nC ⎠

1 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
= R⎜ 2 − 2 ⎟ ....(ii)
λ2 ⎝ nA nB ⎠

1 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
= R⎜ 2 − 2 ⎟
λ3 ⎝ nA nC ⎠

1 1 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
(i) + (ii)  λ + λ = R ⎜ 2 − 2 ⎟
1 2 ⎝ nA nC ⎠

λ1λ 2
λ3 =
λ1 + λ 2

29. The minimum wavelength of the X-rays produced at accelerating potential V is . If the accelerating potential
is changed to 2V, then the minimum wavelength would become
(1) 4 (2) 2 (3) /2 (4) /4

Sol. Answer (3)

12400
λmin =
V

If potential is changed to 2V

λ
New min =
2

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Solution of Assignment Atoms 123
30. X-rays of a particular wavelength are used to irradiate sodium and copper surfaces in two separate experiments
and stopping potentials are determined. The stopping potentials are
(1) Equal in both cases (2) Greater for sodium (3) Greater for copper (4) Infinite in both cases

Sol. Answer (2)

The stopping potential is greater for sodium as it is easier to ionise sodium, than copper.

31. An X-ray tube has a short wavelength end at 0.45Å. The voltage of tube is
(1) 450000 V (2) 9600 V (3) 27500 V (4) 60600 V

Sol. Answer (3)

12400
λmin =
V

32. The frequencies of X-rays, -rays and U.V. rays are respectively a, b and c. Then
(1) a < b, b < c (2) a < b, b > c (3) a > b, b > c (4) a > b, b < c
Sol. Answer (2)
Frequency of the gamma rays as highest followed by X-rays and then UV rays.

33. The wavelength of the K line for an element of atomic number 43 is . The wavelength of the K line for an element
of atomic number 29 is

⎛ 43 ⎞ ⎛ 42 ⎞ ⎛9⎞ ⎛4⎞
(1) ⎜ ⎟ (2) ⎜ ⎟ (3) ⎜ ⎟ (4) ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 29 ⎠ ⎝ 28 ⎠ ⎝4⎠ ⎝9⎠

Sol. Answer (3)

f ∝ (Z − 1)

or f (Z – 1)2

hc
 
 Z  12

λ1 (Z2 − 1)2
=
λ 2 (Z1 − 1)2

2
λ1 ⎛ 28 ⎞
=⎜ ⎟
λ 2 ⎝ 42 ⎠

2
λ1 ⎛ 2 ⎞
=⎜ ⎟
λ2 ⎝ 3 ⎠

λ1 4
=
λ2 9

9
λ2 = λ1
4

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124 Atoms Solution of Assignment

34. X-rays incident on a material

(1) Will exert a force on it (2) Will transfer energy to it
(3) May cause emission of electrons (4) All of these

Sol. Answer (4)

All the option are true phenomenon observed in the case of X-rays.

35. Penetrating power of X-rays increases with increase in

(1) Accelerating potential (2) Wavelength

(3) Mass number of the target material (4) Filament current

Sol. Answer (1)

Penetrating power depends on energy of the x-wave which depends on the accelerating potential of the X-ray tube.

36. If the potential difference V applied to the coolidge tube is doubled, then the cut off wavelength

(1) Is doubled (2) Is halved

(3) Remains unchanged (4) Is quadrupled

Sol. Answer (2)

12400
λmin = if V is doubled min is halved.
V

37. Laser is/are

(1) Highly coherent (2) Highly monochromatic

(3) Highly directional (4) All of these

Sol. Answer (4)

All the above facts are true for a laser.

38. A situation of population inversion is related to

(1) Matter wave (2) -ray (3) X-ray (4) LASER

Sol. Answer (4)

A situation of population inversion means when more atoms in a group are in the excited state than lower en-
ergy states. This is used in LASER.

39. In He-Ne laser, metastable state exists in

(1) He (2) Ne (3) Both (1) & (2) (4) Neither He nor Ne

Sol. Answer (2)

Fact.

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Solution of Assignment Atoms 125
40. If the emitted radiation falls in the microwave region, the device is termed as
(1) LASER (2) MASER (3) Both (1) & (2) (4) None of these

Sol. Answer (2)

Stimulated emitted radiation in the microwave form is called MASER.

SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions
1. The wavelength of radiation emitted is 0 when an electron jumps from third to second orbit of hydrogen atom. For
the electron to jump from the fourth to the second orbit of the hydrogen atom, the wavelength of radiation emitted
will be

16 20 27 25
(1) 0 (2) 0 (3) 0 (4) 0
25 27 20 16
Sol. Answer (2)

1 ⎛ 1 1⎞
= R⎜ 2 − 2 ⎟
λ0 ⎝2 3 ⎠

1 5
=R
λ0 36

1 ⎛ 1 1⎞
= R⎜ 2 − 2 ⎟
λ1 ⎝2 4 ⎠

1 ⎛1 1 ⎞
= R⎜ −
λ1 ⎝ 4 16 ⎟⎠

1 3
=R
λ1 16

λ1 5 16
= ×
λ0 36 3

20
λ1 = λ0
27

2. An electron in a hydrogen atom makes a transition from n1 to n2. If the time period of electron in the initial
state is eight times that in the final state then
(1) n1 = 3n2 (2) n1 = 4n2 (3) n1 = 2n2 (4) n1 = 5n2
Sol. Answer (3)
Let T1 = n13T0
T2 = n23T0

T1 n13
=
T2 n23

n1 = 2n2

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126 Atoms Solution of Assignment

3. When a hydrogen atom emits a photon of energy 12.09 eV, its orbital angular momentum changes by (where
h is Planck’s constant)

3h 2h h 4h
(1) (2) (3) (4)
   

Sol. Answer (3)

This is the case of electron jumping from 3rd orbit to 1st orbit

n1h nh
∆L = −
2π 2π

3h h h
= − =
2π 2π π

4. If the frequency of K X-rays emitted from the element with atomic number 31 is  then the frequency of K X-rays
emitted from the element with atomic number 51 would be

5 51 25 9
(1)  (2)  (3)  (4) 
3 31 9 25

Sol. Answer (3)

ν = K α (31 − 1) ....(i)

ν x = K α (51 − 1) ....(ii)

Dividing (ii) by (i)

νx 50
=
ν 30

25
νx = ν
9

5. A hydrogen atom is in ground state. In order to get six lines in its emission spectrum, wavelength of incident
radiation should be
(1) 800 Å (2) 825 Å (3) 970 Å (4) 1025 Å
Sol. Answer (3)
To get six possible emission lines the electron must be excite to the third level as

n
6= (n + 1)
2
 n=3

⎛ 1⎞
Frequency of incident radiation is such that hf = 13.6 ⎜1 − 2 ⎟
⎝ 3 ⎠

hc 8 hc × 9
or = 13.6 × or λ=
λ 9 13.6 × 8
or  = 970 Å
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Solution of Assignment Atoms 127
6. The X-ray beam coming from the X-rays tube will be
(1) Monochromatic
(2) Dichromatic
(3) Having all wavelengths greater than a certain minimum wavelength
(4) Having all wavelengths between a minimum and maximum wavelengths
Sol. Answer (3)
Only the minimum wavelength is fixed in the case of an X-ray from X-ray tube. In this case X-rays are formed
from emission by a substance and all possible transitions need to be accounted for. The only limit is the
maximum energy supplied to material by incident light which depends on incident light.

7. If the energy in the first excited state in hydrogen atom is 23.8 eV then the potential energy of a hydrogen atom in the
ground state can be assumed to be
(1) 10 eV (2) 23.3 eV (3) – 13.6 eV (4) Zero
Sol. Answer (4)

8. If energy required to remove one of the two electrons from He atom is 29.5 eV, then what is the value of energy
required to convert a helium atom into -particle?
(1) 54.4 eV (2) 83.9 eV (3) 29.5 eV (4) 24.9 eV
Sol. Answer (2)
Energy needed to convert He+ ion to He2+ is = E0Z2
= 13.6 × 4
Hence total energy to create alpha particle of out of helium atom is
Etotal = 13.6 × 4 + 29.5
= 83.9 eV

9. The maximum wavelength that a sample of hydrogen atoms can absorb is

(1) 912 Å (2) 1216 Å (3) 1028 Å (4) Infinite
Sol. Answer (2)

1 ⎛1 1⎞
= R⎜ 2 − 2 ⎟
λmax ⎝1 2 ⎠

Solve for max.

10. The lines in Balmer series have their wavelengths lying between
(1) 1266 Å to 3647 Å (2) 642 Å to 3000 Å (3) 3647 Å to 6563 Å (4) Zero to infinity

Sol. Answer (3)

1 ⎛ 1 1⎞
= R⎜ 2 − ⎟
λmax ⎝2 ∞⎠

1 ⎛ 1 1⎞
= R⎜ 2 − 2 ⎟ solve for the range
λmax ⎝2 3 ⎠

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128 Atoms Solution of Assignment

11. If an electron in hydrogen atom jumps from third orbit to second orbit, the frequency of the emitted radiation
is given by (c is speed of light)

3Rc 5Rc 7Rc 8Rc

(1) (2) (3) (4)
29 36 36 31

Sol. Answer (2)

1 ⎛ 1 1⎞
= R⎜ 2 − 2 ⎟
λ ⎝2 3 ⎠

⎛ 1 1⎞
f = Rec ⎝⎜ − ⎠⎟
4 9

Rc 5 5Rc
f = =
36 36

12. Let F1 be the frequency of second line of Lyman series and F2 be the frequency of first line of Balmer series
then frequency of first line of Lyman series is given by

F1F2
(1) F1 – F2 (2) F1 + F2 (3) F2 – F1 (4) F1  F2

Sol. Answer (1)

⎡ 1 1⎤
F1 = Rc ⎢ 2 − 2 ⎥ ....(i)
⎣⎢ n1 n3 ⎥⎦

⎡ 1 1⎤
F2 = Rc ⎢ 2 − 2 ⎥ ....(ii)
⎢⎣ n2 n3 ⎥⎦

Subtracting (ii) from (i)

⎡ 1 1⎤
F = Rc ⎢ 2 − 2 ⎥
⎣⎢ n1 n2 ⎥⎦

F = F1 – F2

13. Identify the incorrect relationship

2r
(1) Number of waves in an orbit, n =


vn
(2) Number of revolutions of an electron per second in nth orbit = 2r
n

h
(3) Wavelength of an electron =
p

2eV
(4) Speed of a (de-Broglie wavelength) particle accelerated by a potential difference V is v 
m
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Solution of Assignment Atoms 129
Sol. Answer (4)
Kinetic energy gained by an electron accelerated by potential V is
KE = eV

1
or mv 2 = eV
2

2eV
v=
m

Hence (4) is wrong.

14. If the difference between (n + 1)th Bohr radius and nth Bohr radius is equal to the (n – 1)th Bohr radius then
find the value of n
(1) 4 (2) 3 (3) 2 (4) 1
Sol. Answer (1)
Bohr radius is given by r = r0n2
Now [(n + 1)2 – n2]r0 = (n – 1)2r0
2n + 1 = (n – 1)2
n2 – 2n + 1 = 2n + 1
n2 – 4n = 0
n(n – 4) = 0
or n = 4

15. If radius of first orbit of hydrogen atom is 5.29 × 10–11 m, the radius of fourth orbit will be
(1) 8.46 Å (2) 10.23 Å (3) 9.22 Å (4) 9.48 Å
Sol. Answer (1)
5.3 × 10–11
or 0.53 Å
Radius of nth orbit = 0.53 × n2
Radius of 4th orbit = 0.53 × 16 Å
= 8.46 Å

16. Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to the angular momentum for hydrogen like atoms is (e and m are electronic
charge and mass respectively)

e 2e e e
(1) (2) (3) (4)
m m 2m 4m
Sol. Answer (3)
Angular momentum of electron = mvr
Magnetic moment of electron.

17. The ratio of energies of hydrogen atom in its first excited state to third excited state is

1 4 3 4
(1) (2) (3) (4)
4 1 4 3

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130 Atoms Solution of Assignment

Sol. Answer (2)

−13.6
Energy in nth excited state =
(n + 1)2

−13.6
Energy in 1st excited state =
4

−13.6
Energy in 3rd excited state =
16

Ratio E1 : E3 = 4 : 1

18. What should be the ratio of minimum to maximum wavelength of radiation emitted by transition of an electron
to ground state of Bohr’s hydrogen atom?

3 1 1 3
(1) (2) (3) (4)
4 4 8 8

Sol. Answer (1)

In maximum wavelength electron falls from 1st excited state.

1 ⎡1 1⎤
= R⎢ 2 − 2⎥
λmax ⎣1 2 ⎦

In minimum wavelength the electron comes from infinity

1 ⎡1 1 ⎤
= R⎢ 2 − 2⎥
λmin ⎣1 ∞ ⎦

λmax 4
Hence λ =
min 3

19. The product of angular speed and tangential speed of electron in nth orbit of hydrogen atom is
(1) Directly proportional to n2 (2) Directly proportional to n3
(3) Inversely proportional to n4 (4) Independent of n
Sol. Answer (3)

vn
Angular velocity = r
n

vn
Product of angular velocity and tangential velocity = r × vn
n

v n2
or
rn

v0 ⎛ v0 ⎞
or 4 ⎜∵ v n  and rn  n 2 r0 ⎟
r0 n ⎝ n ⎠

1
Hence product 
n4
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Solution of Assignment Atoms 131
20. Ground state energy of H-atom is –13.6 eV. The energy needed to ionise H-atom from its second excited state
is
(1) 1.51 eV (2) 3.4 eV (3) 13.6 eV (4) 12.1 eV
Sol. Answer (1)
−13.6
Total energy of nth excited state is =
(n + 1)2
13.6
 Energy needed = + ≈ 1.51 eV
9

21. The energy of hydrogen atom in its ground state is –13.6 eV, the energy of the level corresponding to n = 7
is
(1) –0.544 eV (2) –5.40 eV (3) –0.85 eV (4) –0.28 eV
Sol. Answer (4)

E0
Energy of nth shell is given by E =
n2
13.6
E=−
49
E  –0.28 eV

22. Which series of hydrogen atom lie in infrared region?

(1) Lyman (2) Balmer
(3) Brackett, Paschen and Pfund (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (3)
In hydrogen atom. The Brackett, Paschen and Pfund series all lie in the infrared region.

23. Total energy of an electron in the hydrogen atom in the ground state is –13.6 eV. The potential energy of this
electron is
(1) 13.6 eV (2) 0 (3) –27.2 eV (4) –13.6 eV
Sol. Answer (3)

Potential energy
Total energy = = −KE
2
Hence potential energy = 2 × –13.6
= –27.2 eV

24. If potential energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom in first excited state is taken to be zero, kinetic energy
(in eV) of an electron in ground state will be
(1) 13.6 eV (2) 10.2 eV (3) 3.4 eV (4) 5.1 eV
Sol. Answer (1)
If zero of potential energy is changed, KE does not change and continues to be + 13.6 eV.
When 2nd shell is taken as reference, ground state PE = –13.6 eV × 2 + 6.8 eV = –20.4 eV

–PE
KE = = 10.2 eV
2

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132 Atoms Solution of Assignment

a
25. Time period of revolution of an electron in nth orbit in a hydrogen like atom is given by T  T0 n . Z = atomic
Zb
number
(1) T0 = 1.5 × 10–16 s, a = 3 (2) T0 = 6.6 × 1015 s, a = 3
(3) T0 = 1.51 × 10–16 s, b = 3 (4) T0 = 6.6 × 1015 s, b = 3

Sol. Answer (1)

T0 n a T0 n 3
T = Tn =
Zb Z

T0 = 1.51 × 10–16 s a=3

Which is a fact.

26. Maximum wavelength in balmer series of hydrogen spectrum is

(1) 912 Å (2) 3645 Å (3) 6561 Å (4) 8201 Å
Sol. Answer (3)

27. In Rutherford’s experiment, number of particles scattered at 90º angle are x per second. Number particles
scattered per second at angle 60º is
(1) x (2) 4x (3) 8x (4) 16 x
Sol. Answer (2)

Z2
N() 
⎛θ⎞
sin4 ⎜ ⎟ E 2
⎝2⎠

1
or N() 
⎛θ⎞
sin4 ⎜ ⎟
⎝2⎠

 = 60º and 90º

N (90) sin4 30
 
N (60) sin4 45

N(90º) = x
N(60º) = 4x

28. Compton effect supports that

(1) X-rays are transverse waves
(2) X-rays have high frequency compared to visible light
(3) X-rays can easily penetrate matter
(4) Photons have momentum
Sol. Answer (4)
Compton effect is the scattering of particles due to radiation and prove that photons have momenta.

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Solution of Assignment Atoms 133
29. Which is the correct relation between de-Broglie wavelength of an electron in the nth Bohr orbit and radius of
the orbit R?

2R 4R 2R

(1)  = n2R (2)  (3)  (4) 
n n nh
Sol. Answer (2)

h nh
λ= in 2rn =
mv mv n

30. Atomic number of anticathode material in an X-ray tube is 41. Wavelength of K X-ray produced in the tube
is
(1) 0.66 Å (2) 0.76 Å (3) 0.82 Å (4) 0.88 Å
Sol. Answer (2)

f = K α (Z − 1)

f = (40)

f = 2.48 × 1015 × 40
f = 2.48 × 1015 × 1600

c
= 2.48 × 1015 × 1600
λ
 = 0.76 × 10–10 or  = 0.76 Å

31. Hydrogen atoms are excited from ground state to the principal quantum number 5. Number of spectral lines
observed will be
(1) 5 (2) 4 (3) 10 (4) 8
Sol. Answer (3)

n(n − 1)
Number of spectral lines are given by (N) =
2

5×4
or N =
2
or N = 10 lines

32. If in Bohr’s atomic model, it is assumed that force between electron and proton varies inversely as r4, energy
of the system will be proportional to
(1) n2 (2) n4 (3) n6 (4) n8
Sol. Answer (3)
dE = Fdr

k
∫ dE = ∫ r 4 dr
k1
E=
r3
k2
E= as r  n2 (Where, k, k1 and k2 are constants)
n6

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134 Atoms Solution of Assignment

33. Which of the following may be representing graph between number of scattered particles detected (N) and
scattering angle () in Rutherford’s experiment?

N N N N

(1) (2) (3) (4)

   

Sol. Answer (2)

k
N() = 4
sin (θ / 2)

Hence N() decreases with increase in angle .

SECTION - C
Previous Years Questions
1. Consider 3rd
orbit of He+
(Helium) using non-relativistic approach the speed of electron in this orbit will be (given
K = 9 × 109 constant Z = 2 and h (Planck’s constant) = 6.6 × 10–34 Js). [AIPMT-2015]
(1) 3.0 × 108 m/s (2) 2.92 × 106 m/s (3) 1.46 × 106 m/s (4) 0.73 × 106 m/s
Sol. Answer (3)
For hydrogen like atom

2KZe 2
Vn 
nh

C Z 2.2  106  2
Vn    1.46  106 m/s
137 n 3

2. Hydrogen atom in ground state is excited by a monochromatic radiation of  = 975 Å. Number of spectral lines
in the resulting spectrum emitted will be [AIPMT-2014]
(1) 3 (2) 2 (3) 6 (4) 10
Sol. Answer (3)

1 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ 1 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
 R⎜  ⎟   1.097  107 ⎜  ⎟
 ⎜ 2 2 ⎟  10 ⎜ 2
n22 ⎟⎠
⎝ n1 n2 ⎠ 975  10 ⎝1
n2 = 4

n(n  1)
Number of spectral line = 6
2

3. Ratio of longest wave lengths corresponding to Lyman and Balmer series in hydrogen spectrum is:
[NEET-2013]

3 7 9 5
(1) (2) (3) (4)
23 29 31 27
Sol. Answer (4)

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Solution of Assignment Atoms 135
4. Electron in hydrogen atom first jumps from third excited state to second excited state and then from second
excited to the first excited state. The ratio of the wavelengths 1 : 2 emitted in the two cases is
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2012]

27 20 7 27
(1) (2) (3) (4)
5 7 5 20

Sol. Answer (2)

1 1

 2 9 16

1 1 1

4 9

1 20
 
2 7

5. An electron of a stationary hydrogen atom passes from the fifth energy level to the ground level. The velocity that
the atom acquired as a result of photon emission will be [AIPMT (Prelims)-2012]

25 m 24 m 24 hR 25 hR
(1) 24 hR (2) 25 hR (3) 25 m (4) 24 m

Sol. Answer (3)

As per conservation of momentum

Momentum of photon = Momentum of atom

h
  mv


h h ⎡1 1⎤
 v  RZ 2 ⎢ 2  2 ⎥
m m ⎣1 5 ⎦

hR 24
 v
25 m

6. The transition from the state n = 3 to n = 1 in a hydrogen like atom results in ultraviolet radiation.Infrared
radiation will be obtained in the transition from [AIPMT (Mains)-2012]
(1) 2  1 (2) 32 (3) 52 (4) 42
Sol. Answer (4)
Energy released in this range is of infrared frequency range.

7. The wavelength of the first line of Lyman series for hydrogen atom is equal to that of the second line of Balmer
series for a hydrogen like ion. The atomic number Z of hydrogen like ion is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]
(1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 4 (4) 1

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136 Atoms Solution of Assignment

Sol. Answer (1)

There are 2 equation and 2 unknown

1 ⎡1 1⎤
= R⎢ 2 − 2⎥ ...(i)
λ ⎣1 2 ⎦

1 ⎡1 1⎤
also, = RZ 2 ⎢ 2 − 2 ⎥ ....(ii)
λ ⎣2 4 ⎦
on comparing (i) and (ii), we get Z = 2.

8. An electron in the hydrogen atom jumps from excited state n to the ground state. The wavelength so emitted
illuminates a photosensitive material having work function 2.75 eV. If the stopping potential of the photoelectron
is 10 V, then the value of n is [AIPMT (Mains)-2011]
(1) 5 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4
Sol. Answer (4)

13.6
–13.6 + 10 + 2.75 = –0.85 =
n2
 n=4

9. Out of the following which one is not a possible energy for a photon to be emitted by hydrogen atom according
to Bohr's atomic model? [AIPMT (Mains)-2011]
(1) 13.6 eV (2) 0.65 eV (3) 1.9 eV (4) 11.1 eV
Sol. Answer (4)
Only the fourth is not available for any ionisation.

10. The energy of a hydrogen atom in the ground state is –13.6 eV. The energy of a He+ ion in the first excited
state will be [AIPMT (Prelims)-2010]
(1) –6.8 eV (2) –13.6 eV (3) –27.2 eV (4) –54.4 eV
Sol. Answer (2)
E0
E = Z2
He+ 2
n

4
= −13.6 ×
4

= −13.6 eV

1
11. An alpha nucleus of energy mv 2 bombards a heavy nuclear target of charge Ze. Then the distance of closest
2
approach for the alpha nucleus will be proportional to [AIPMT (Prelims)-2010]

1 1 1
(1) (2) v2 (3) (4)
Ze m v4
Sol. Answer (3)

1 ze 2
r0 
40 1
mv 2
2
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Solution of Assignment Atoms 137
12. The electron in the hydrogen atom jumps from excited state (n = 3) to its ground state (n = 1) and the photons
thus emitted irradiate a photosensitive material. If the work function of the material is 5.1 eV, the stopping
13.6
potential is estimated to be (the energy of the electron in nth state En   eV ) [AIPMT (Mains)-2010]
n2
(1) 5.1 V (2) 12.1 V (3) 17.2 V (4) 7V
Sol. Answer (4)

⎡1 1 ⎤
Energy of radiation = 13.6 ⎢ 1 − 2 ⎥
⎣1 3 ⎦

⎡8⎤
= 13.6 ⎢ ⎥
⎣9⎦
= 12.08 eV
KEmax = E – w0
= 12.08 – 5.1
= 6.98 eV

13. The ionization energy of the electron in the hydrogen atom in its ground state is 13.6 eV. The atoms are excited
to higher energy levels to emit radiations of 6 wavelengths. Maximum wavelength of emitted radiation corresponds
to the transition between: [AIPMT (Prelims)-2009]
(1) n = 3 to n = 1 states (2) n = 2 to n = 1 states
(3) n = 4 to n = 3 states (4) n = 3 to n = 2 states
Sol. Answer (3)

n ⋅ (n − 1)
The shell as state of an atom is =6
2
n=4
The lowest energy change will correspond the maximum wavelength.

14. In the phenomenon of electric discharge through gases at low pressure, the coloured glow in the tube appears
as a result of [AIPMT (Prelims)-2008]
(1) Collision between different electrons of the atoms of the gas
(2) Excitation of electrons in the atoms
(3) Collision between the atoms of the gas
(4) Collisions between the charged particles emitted from the cathode and the atoms of the gas
Sol. Answer (2)

15. The ground state energy of hydrogen atom is –13.6 eV. When its electron is in the first excited state, its
excitation energy is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2008]
(1) Zero (2) 3.4 eV (3) 6.8 eV (4) 10.2 eV
Sol. Answer (4)

⎛ 1⎞
Energy absorbed for electron to go to 2nd shell is E = 13.6 ⎜1 − 2 ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠

E = 10.2 eV

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138 Atoms Solution of Assignment

16. The total energy of electron in the ground state of hydrogen atom is –13.6 eV. The kinetic energy of an electron
in the first excited state is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2007]
(1) 1.7 eV (2) 3.4 eV (3) 6.8 eV (4) 13.6 eV
Sol. Answer (2)

−PE
KE =
2

13.6
KE = n=2
2 × n2
= 1.7 eV

17. Ionization potential of hydrogen atom is 13.6 eV. Hydrogen atoms in the ground state are excited by monochromatic
radiation of photon energy 12.1 eV. According to Bohr’s theory, the spectral lines emitted by hydrogen will be:
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]
(1) Two (2) Three (3) Four (4) One
Sol. Answer (2)
Electrons are excited by 12.1 eV radiation. New PE of electron = –(13.6 – 12.1) = –1.5 eV
This is the energy corresponding to n = 3

n(n − 1)
Hence number of spectral lines =3
2

18. In a discharge tube ionization of enclosed gas is produced due to collisions between :
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]
(1) Positive ions and neutral atoms/molecules (2) Negative electrons and neutral atoms/molecules
(3) Photons and neutral atoms/molecules (4) Neutral gas atoms/molecules
Sol. Answer (2)

19. Energy levels A, B and C of a certain atom correspond to increasing values of energy i.e.,
EA < EB < EC. If 1, 2 and 3 are wavelengths of radiations corresponding to transitions C to B, B to A and C
to A respectively, which of the following relations is correct ? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2005]
1 2
(1) 3 = 1 + 2 (2) 3 =    (3) 1 +  2 +  3 = 0 (4) 32  12   22
1 2

Sol. Answer (2)

1 ⎡ 1 1⎤ 1 ⎡ 1 1⎤
= R⎢ 2 − 2 ⎥ = R⎢ 2 − 2 ⎥
λ3 ⎣⎢ nC nA ⎥⎦ λ1 ⎣⎢ nC nB ⎥⎦

1 ⎡ 1 1⎤
= R⎢ 2 − 2 ⎥
λ2 ⎣⎢ nB nA ⎥⎦

1 1 1
= +
λ3 λ 2 λ1

1 λλ
= 1 2
λ3 λ1 + λ 2

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Solution of Assignment Atoms 139
20. The total energy of an electron in the first excited state of hyrogen is about – 3.4 eV. Its kinetic energy in this
state is : [AIPMT (Prelims)-2005]
(1) –3.4 eV (2) –6.8 eV (3) 6.8 eV (4) 3.4 eV
Sol. Answer (4)

21. In a Rutherford scattering experiment when a projectile of charge z1 and mass M1 approaches a target nucleus
of charge z2 and mass M2, the distance of closest approach is r0. The energy of the projectile is
(1) Directly proportional of mass M1 (2) Directly proportional of M1 × M2
(3) Directly proportional of z1z2 (4) Inversely proportional to z1
Sol. Answer (3)

22. An electron makes a transition from orbit n = 4 to the orbit n = 2 of a hydrogen atom. What is the wavelength
of the emitted radiations? (R = Rydberg’s constant)

16 16 16 16
(1) (2) (3) (4)
4R 5R 2R 3R
Sol. Answer (4)
Transition is from n = 4 to n = 2 of hydrogen atom

1 ⎛ 1 1⎞
= R⎜ 2 − 2 ⎟
λ ⎝ 2 4 ⎠

1 R
=
λ 16
16
λ=
3R

23. When a hydrogen atom is raised from the ground state to an excited state,
(1) Both K.E. and P.E. increase (2) Both K.E. and P.E, decrease
(3) The P.E. decreases and K.E. increases (4) The P.E. increases and K.E. decreases
Sol. Answer (4)
The potential energy increases when the electron is taken to a higher shell.
The kinetic energy or velocity of the electron decreases.

24. The figure indicates the energy level diagram of an atom and the origin of six spectral lines in emission (e.g.
line number 5 arises from the transition from level B to A). Which of the following spectral lines will also occur
in the absorption spectrum?
C
B
A
X
1 2 3 4 5 6

(1) 4, 5, 6 (2) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (3) 1, 2, 3 (4) 1, 4, 6

Sol. Answer (3)

Only 1, 2, 3rd lines will be there in the absorption spectrum as those are the only line which include the ground
state. In absorption a non-excited or ground-state atom absorbs energy and the electron goes into an excited
state.

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140 Atoms Solution of Assignment

25. The energy of a hydrogen atom in its ground state is – 13.6 eV. The energy of the level corresponding to the
quantum number n = 2 in the hydrogen atom is
(1) 0.54 eV (2) – 3.4 eV (3) – 2.72 eV (4) – 0.85 eV

Sol. Answer (2)

Energy in ground state hydrogen atom = –13.6 eV

13.6
In n = 2, E = – = –3.4 eV
n2

26. According to Bohr’s principle, the relation between principal quantum number (n) and radius of orbit is

1 1
(1) r  (2) r (3) rn (4) r  n2
n n2

Sol. Answer (4)

r = 0.53n2

Here r  n2

27. When hydrogen atom is in its first excited level, its radius is ……………. of the Bohr radius.
(1) Twice (2) 4 times (3) Same (4) Half

Sol. Answer (2)

r = 0.53n2

At first excited level, n = 2

r = 0.53 × 4

r = 2.1 Å

28. Atomic weight of Boron is 10.81 and it has two isotopes B10 and
5 5
B11. Then the ratio of 5B10 : 5B11 in
nature would be
(1) 15 : 16 (2) 10 : 11 (3) 19 : 81 (4) 81 : 19

Sol. Answer (3)

Taking weighed mean

10.81 = 10x + 11(1 – x)

10.81 = 10x +11 – 11x

10.81 = 11 – x

x = 11 – 10.81

x = 0.19

or 19%

(x) : (1 – x) = 19 : 81

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Solution of Assignment Atoms 141
29. In the Bohr model of a hydrogen atom, the centripetal force is furnished by the coulomb attraction between
the proton and the electron. If a0 is the radius of the ground state orbit, m is the mass and e is the charge
on the electron and 0 is the vacuum permittivity, the speed of the electron is

e e 4 0 a0 m
(1) (2) (3) Zero (4)
4 0 a0 m  0 a0 m e

Sol. Answer (1)

mv 2 1 e2
=
a0 4 πε0 a02

e
v=
4 πε0 a0 ⋅ m

30. Maximum frequency of emission is obtained for the transition

(1) n = 2 to n = 1 (2) n = 6 to n = 2 (3) n = 1 to n = 2 (4) n = 2 to n = 6
Sol. Answer (1)
Maximum frequency is obtained for maximum energy difference in levels

⎛ 1 1⎞
E = 13.6 ⎜ 2 − 2 ⎟
⎝ nf ni ⎠
The values of nf and ni for which this is maximum is nf = 1 and ni = 2.

31. When an electron do transition from n = 4 to n = 2, then emitted line in spectrum will be
(1) First line of Lyman series (2) Second line of Balmer series
(3) First line of Paschen series (4) Second line of Paschen series
Sol. Answer (2)
Fact.

32. The energy of hydrogen atom in nth orbit is En then the energy in nth orbit of singly ionised helium atom will
be
(1) 4En (2) En/4 (3) 2En (4) En/2
Sol. Answer (1)
Energy in hydrogen like atom is given by En × Z2
Since Z = 2 in helium
E = En × 4

33. In which of the following systems will the radius of the first orbit (n = 1) be minimum?
(1) Doubly ionized lithium (2) Singly Ionized helium
(3) Deuterium atom (4) Hydrogen atom
Sol. Answer (1)

1
r ∝
Z
Since in lithium Z = 3

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142 Atoms Solution of Assignment

34. The Bohr model of atoms

(1) Assumes that the angular momentum of electrons is quantized
(2) Uses Einstein’s photo-electric equation
(3) Predicts continuous emission spectra for atoms
(4) Predicts the same emission spectra for all types of atom

Sol. Answer (1)

Fact.

13.6
35. Energy E of a hydrogen atom with principal quantum number n is given by E  eV . The energy of a
n2
photon ejected when the electron jumps from n = 3 state to n = 2 state of hydrogen is approximately
(1) 1.5 eV (2) 0.85 eV (3) 3.4 eV (4) 1.9 eV

Sol. Answer (4)

⎡1 1⎤
E = −13.6 ⎢ 2 − 2 ⎥ = 1.9 eV
⎣2 3 ⎦

36. The ratio of radii of first shell of H atom and that of fourth shell of He+ ion is

(1) 1 : 8 (2) 1:4 (3) 1: 8 (4) 1:3

Sol. Answer (1)

n2
r
Z

42
If rH is 1 rHe = =8
2

 rH : rHe = 1 : 8

37. The ionisation energy of 10 times ionised sodium atom is

13.6
(1) 13. 6 eV (2) 13.6 × 11 eV (3) eV (4) 13.6 × (11)2 eV
(11)2

Sol. Answer (4)

E = E0 × Z2 for hydrogen like atom.

38. The wavelength of radiation emitted is 0 when an electron jumps from third to second orbit of hydrogen atom. For
the electron to jump from the fourth to the second orbit of the hydrogen atom, the wavelength of radiation emitted
will be

16 20 27 25
(1) 0 (2) 0 (3) 0 (4) 0
25 27 20 16
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Solution of Assignment Atoms 143
Sol. Answer (2)

1 ⎡1 1 ⎤ 5R
= R⎢ 2 − 2⎥ =
λ0 ⎣2 3 ⎦ 36

1 ⎡1 1⎤ ⎡ 4 − 1⎤ 1 R3
= R⎢ 2 − 2⎥ = R⎢ ⎥ or =
λ ⎣2 4 ⎦ ⎣ 16 ⎦ λ 16

20
λ= λ0
27

39. The ratio of wavelengths of the 1st line of Balmer series and that of the 1st line of Paschen series is

(1) 20 : 7 (2) 7 : 20 (3) 7:4 (4) 4:7

Sol. Answer (2)

1 ⎡1 1⎤
= R⎢ 2 − 2⎥
λB ⎣1 2 ⎦

1 ⎡1 1⎤
= R⎢ 2 − 2⎥
λP ⎣3 4 ⎦

Solve B : P

40. The shortest wavelength of Balmer series of H-atom is

4 36 1 3
(1) (2) (3) (4)
R 5R R 4R

Sol. Answer (1)

1 ⎡ 1 1⎤
= R⎢ 2 − ⎥
λmin ⎣1 ∞⎦

1 1
=
λmin R

41. An electron in a hydrogen atom makes a transition from n = n1 to n = n2. The time period of the electron in the initial

n1
state is eight times that in the final state. Find the ratio n
2

(1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 4 (4) 8

Sol. Answer (1)

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144 Atoms Solution of Assignment

42. Assuming Bohr’s model for Li++ atom, the first excitation energy of ground state of Li++ atom is
(1) 10.2 eV (2) 91.8 eV (3) 13.6 eV (4) 3.4 eV
Sol. Answer (2)
⎡1 1⎤
E = 13.6 × Z2 ⎢ 2 − 2 ⎥
⎣1 2 ⎦
Put Z = 3 and solve for energy to get the answer.

43. The absorption transition between the first and the fourth energy states of hydrogen atom are 3. The emission
transition between these states will be
(1) 3 (2) 4 (3) 5 (4) 6
Sol. Answer (4)
n(n + 1)
The emission transition lines between any two shells is given by
2
Since there are 3 absorption lines the shell 3 is mentioned here.

44. When a hydrogen atom emits a photon of energy 12.1 eV, its orbital angular momentum changes by (where
h is Planck’s constant)

3h 2h h 4h
(1) (2) (3) (4)
   

Sol. Answer (3)

This is the transition from 3rd shell to the first
3h h h
Change in angular momentum = − =
2π 2π π

SECTION - D
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
1. A : Both the Thomson's as well as the Rutherford's models constitute an unstable system.
R : Thomson's model is unstable electrostatically while Rutherford's model is unstable because of
electromagnetic radiation of orbiting electrons.

Sol. Answer (1)

2. A : Bohr's orbits are regions where the electron may be found with large probability.
R : The orbital picture in Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom was inconsistent with the uncertainty principle.

Sol. Answer (1)

3. A : Bohr's model with its planet-like electron is not applicable to many electron atoms.
R : Unlike the situation in the solar system, where planet-planet gravitational forces are very small as compared
to the gravitational force of the sun on each planet, the electron-electron electric force interaction is
comparable in magnitude to the electron nucleus electric force.

Sol. Answer (1)

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Solution of Assignment Atoms 145
4. A : In Bohr model, the frequency of revolution of an electron in its orbit is not connected to the frequency of
spectral line for smaller principal quantum number n.
R : For transitions between large quantum number the frequency of revolution of an electron in its orbit is
connected to the frequency of spectral line, as per Bohr's Correspondence principle.

Sol. Answer (2)

1 ⎡ 1 1 ⎤
5. A : Spectral analysis can differentiate between isotopes as per the equation  RZ 2 ⎢ 2  2 ⎥ .
 ⎣ n1 n2 ⎦

R : Rydberg's constant R is not a universal constant and is dependent on the mass of nuclei as well.

Sol. Answer (1)

6. A : If the accelerating potential in an X-ray machine is decreased, the minimum value of the wavelength of the
emitted X-rays gets increased.
R : The minimum value of the wavelength of the emitted X-rays is inversely proportional to the accelerating
potential.

Sol. Answer (1)

7. A : According to Bohr’s atomic model the ratio of angular momenta of an electron in first excited state and
in ground state is 2 : 1.
R : In a Bohr’s atom the angular momentum of the electron is directly proportional to the principal quantum
number.

Sol. Answer (1)

8. A : If a beam of photons of energy 10.0 eV each, is incident on a sample of hydrogen gas containing all atoms
in the ground state, then the beam of the photons is completely transmitted through the gas without
absorption.
R : The minimum energy required by an electron to make a transition to an excited state is
10.2 eV.

Sol. Answer (1)

9. A : The nature of the characteristic X-rays does not depend on accelerating potential.
R : X-rays are electromagnetic radiation.

Sol. Answer (2)

The nature of the characteristic X-rays does not depend on characteristic accelerates potential but on the
material. Both statements are true, independent facts.

10. A : If vacuum is not created inside an X-ray tube, X-rays will not be produced.
R : Without vacuum inside the X-ray tube the electrons are not emitted by the filament.

Sol. Answer (3)

If vacuum is created inside the tube the emitted electrons will not hit the molecules of air to produce X-rays.

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146 Atoms Solution of Assignment

11. A : Gases are insulators at ordinary pressure but they start conducting at very low pressure.
R : At low pressures, ions have a chance to reach their respective electrodes and constitute a current but at
ordinary pressures, ions undergo collision with gas molecules and recombination.

Sol. Answer (1)

12. A : The oil-drops of Millikan’s experiment should be of microscopic size.

R : For larger drops the electric fields needed in the experiment will be impractically high.

Sol. Answer (1)

13. A : Stoke’s formula for viscous drag is not really valid for oil-drops of extremely minute sizes.
R : Stoke’s formula is valid for motion through a homogeneous continuous medium and the size of the drop
should be much larger than the intermolecular separation in the medium for this assumption to be valid.
Sol. Answer (1)

  

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