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88anurag 140430022558 Phpapp02 PDF

Group technology (GT) is a manufacturing philosophy that groups similar parts into families to integrate design and manufacturing. It emphasizes grouping parts with similar design attributes and manufacturing processes. Implementing GT involves identifying part families and rearranging production machines into cells based on the families. This leads to benefits like reduced setup times, inventory, and costs as well as improved material flow and quality.

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Atul Shandilya
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54 views25 pages

88anurag 140430022558 Phpapp02 PDF

Group technology (GT) is a manufacturing philosophy that groups similar parts into families to integrate design and manufacturing. It emphasizes grouping parts with similar design attributes and manufacturing processes. Implementing GT involves identifying part families and rearranging production machines into cells based on the families. This leads to benefits like reduced setup times, inventory, and costs as well as improved material flow and quality.

Uploaded by

Atul Shandilya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GROUP TECHNOLOGY

GROUP TECHNOLOGY
• Group Technology or GT is a manufacturing philosophy in
which the parts having similarities (Geometry,
manufacturing process and/or function) are grouped
together to achieve higher level of integration between the
design and manufacturing functions of a firm.

• The group of similar parts is known as part family and the


group of machineries used to process an individual part
family is known as machine cell.
Group Technology

• Group technology emphasizes on part families based on


similarities in design attributes and manufacturing,
therefore GT contributes to the integration of CAD
(Computer Aided Design) and CAM (Computer Aided
Manufacturing).
Implementing Group Technology (GT)

• There are two major tasks that a company must


undertake when it implements Group Technology
1.Identifying the part families. If the plant makes 10,000
different parts, reviewing all of the part drawings and
grouping the parts into families is a substantial task that
consumes a significant amount of time.
2.Rearranging production machines into cells. It is time
consuming and costly to plan and accomplish this
rearrangement, and the machines are not producing
during the changeover.
Group Technology
• There are three general methods for solving part families
grouping. All the three are time consuming and involve
the analysis of much of data by properly trained
personnel.

• The three methods are:

1.Visual inspection.

2.Parts classification and coding.

3.Production flow analysis.


Visual Inspection Method

• The visual inspection method is the least sophisticated


and least expensive method.
• It involves the classification of parts into families by
looking at either the physical parts or their photographs
and arranging them into groups having similar features.
Parts classification and Coding

• In parts classification and coding, similarities among parts


are identified, and these similarities are related in a
coding system.

• Two categories of part similarities can be distinguished:

1.Design attributes, which concerned with part


characteristics such as geometry, size and material.
2.Manufacturing attributes, which consider the
sequence of processing steps required to make a
part.
Parts classification and Coding
• Reasons for using a classification and coding system:

1.Design retrieval A designer faced with the task of


developing a new part can use a design retrieval system
to determine if a similar part already exist. A simple
change in an existing part would take much less time
than designing a whole new part from scratch.
2.Automated process planning The part code for a new
part can be used to search for process plans for existing
parts with identical or similar codes.
3.Machine cell design The part codes can be used to
design machine cells capable of producing all members of
a particular part family.
Production Flow Analysis (PFA)
• Production flow analysis (PFA) is a method for identifying part
families and associated machine groupings that uses the
information contained on process plans rather than on part
drawings.

• Workparts with identical or similar process plans are classified


into part families. These families can then be used to form
logical machine cells in a group technology layout.

• The procedure in production flow analysis must begin by


defining the scope of the study, which means deciding on the
population of parts to be analyzed.
Group layout
BENEFITS OF GROUP TECHNOLOGY
• Group technology is a management strategy to help
eliminate waste caused by duplication of effort.

• The manufacturing efficiencies are generally increased


by employing GT because the required operations may
be confined to only a small cell and thus avoiding the
need for transportation of in-process parts.

• GT promotes standardization of tooling, fixtures, and


setups.

• Material handling is reduced because parts are moved


within a machine cell rather than within the entire
factory.
BENEFITS OF GROUP TECHNOLOGY
• It reduces the number and variety of parts.

• Process planning for the remaining parts is easier and


more consistent.

• Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP) is an important


tool for this. It uses the coded similarities to plan
consistently, standardize and accurately estimate cost. It
then assigns the part to a GT manufacturing cell.

• Group Technology cells reduce throughput time and


Work-In-Process. They simplify schedules, reduce
transportation and ease supervision.
BENEFITS OF GROUP TECHNOLOGY
It affects all areas of a company including:

• engineering
• equipment specification
• facilities planning
• process planning
• production control
• quality control
• tool design
• purchasing
• service
BENEFITS OF GROUP TECHNOLOGY

Some of the well-known tangible and intangible benefits


of implementing GT :

1. Engineering design

• Reduction in new parts design


• Reduction in the number of drawings through
standardization
• Reduction of drafting effort in new shop drawings
• Reduction of number of similar parts, easy retrieval of
similar functional parts, and identification of substitute
parts
BENEFITS OF GROUP TECHNOLOGY

2. Layout planning

• Reduction in production floor space required


• Reduced material-handling effort
BENEFITS OF GROUP TECHNOLOGY

3. Specification of equipment, tools, jigs, and fixtures

• Standardization of equipment
• Implementation of cellular manufacturing systems
• Significant reduction in up-front costs incurred in the
release of new parts for manufacture
BENEFITS OF GROUP TECHNOLOGY

4. Manufacturing: process planning

• Reduction in setup time and production time


• Alternative routing leading to improved part routing
• Reduction in number of machining operations and
numerical control (NC) programming time
BENEFITS OF GROUP TECHNOLOGY

5. Manufacturing: production control

• Reduced work-in-process inventory


• Easy identification of bottlenecks
• Improved material flow and reduced warehousing costs
• Faster response to schedule changes
• Improved usage of jigs, fixtures, pallets, tools, material
handling, and manufacturing equipment
BENEFITS OF GROUP TECHNOLOGY

6. Manufacturing: quality control

• Reduction in number of defects leading to reduced


inspection effort
• Reduced scrap generation
• Better output quality
• Increased accountability of operators and supervisors
responsible for quality production, making it easier to
implement total quality control concepts.
BENEFITS OF GROUP TECHNOLOGY

7. Purchasing

• Coding of purchased part leading to standardized rules for


purchasing
• Economies in purchasing possible because of accurate
knowledge of raw material requirements
• Reduced number of part and raw materials
• Simplified vendor evaluation procedures leading to just-in-
time purchasing
BENEFITS OF GROUP TECHNOLOGY

8. Customer service

• Accurate and faster cost estimates


• Efficient spare parts management, leading to better
customer service
General achievements of group technology
Limitations of GT
• Problem of identifying part families among the many
components produced by a plant.

• It is a time consuming and expensive process.

• The expense of parts classification and coding.

• Rearranging the machines in the plant into the


appropriate machine cells.

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