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Bio Ia 6.4variables

This study aims to investigate how blood vessel diameter affects blood flow rate and atherosclerosis. The hypothesis is that as blood vessel diameter decreases, blood flow rate also decreases due to reduced surface area for blood to travel through. Conversely, a larger diameter vessel allows for faster blood flow. The independent variable is blood vessel diameter, while the dependent variable is blood flow rate. Several control variables are identified to standardize the experiment, including the type of liquid, pipe angle, volume poured, pipe length, and individual pouring the liquid. Careful control of these variables will help isolate the impact of diameter changes on flow rate measurements.

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shreya gualti
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51 views

Bio Ia 6.4variables

This study aims to investigate how blood vessel diameter affects blood flow rate and atherosclerosis. The hypothesis is that as blood vessel diameter decreases, blood flow rate also decreases due to reduced surface area for blood to travel through. Conversely, a larger diameter vessel allows for faster blood flow. The independent variable is blood vessel diameter, while the dependent variable is blood flow rate. Several control variables are identified to standardize the experiment, including the type of liquid, pipe angle, volume poured, pipe length, and individual pouring the liquid. Careful control of these variables will help isolate the impact of diameter changes on flow rate measurements.

Uploaded by

shreya gualti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Investigating the effect of plaque accumulation on rate of

blood flow leading to atherosclerosis


Exploration:

Purpose of study
Research Question:
How does blood vessels diameter effect the rate of blood flowing through it?

Hypothesis:
When the blood vessel diameter decreases the rate of blood flow decreases,
vice versa.

As when blood vessels have smaller diameter then rated of blood flow will be
shorted due to the build-up on artery walls of substances like cholesterol and fats
causing lumen to narrow thus taking longer for blood to reach heart and circulate
back due to decrease of surface area of lumen for blood to travel through.

On the hand if the blood vessel is larger the volume of blood reach heart faster as
there is greater surface area due to less build of plague in blood vessels increasing
flow rate of blood

Background information:

Transport of blood through blood vessels:


Humans have efficient system for the transportation of substances from organs to
cells. The circularity system transports blood around body through network of blood
vessels. These vessels are elastic tubes, the circularity system consist of three blood
vessels known as arties that transport oxygenated blood away from the heart to body
and organs. Veins transport deoxygenated blood back towards the heart, the large
artery leaving heart is known as the aorta.

Atherosclerosis:
“Atherosclerosis refers to the buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and
on your artery walls (plaque), which can restrict blood flow. The plaque can burst,
triggering a blood clot. Although atherosclerosis is often considered a heart problem,
it can affect arteries anywhere in your body. “As plaque builds artery walls thicken
causing the opening of arteries to narrow. The plaque deposits consist of cholesterol,
fatty substances, cellular waste products, calcium and fibrin.

Thus, leading to reduction of blood flow rate as well as supply of oxygen to cells. The
plague accumulation can lead to causing minor tears on the walls of the arteries
allowing blood to bleed into other tissues causing formation of blood clots. In
additions plague could also break of and sleep into the bloodstream triggering the
blockage of a smaller artery. It is possible for the plaque to partially or completely
block the blood flow through the arteries.

Arteries expand when blood is pumped from the heart and begin to shrink back after
blood flow known as compliance. This helps to promote blood flow. When individuals
suffer from atherosclerosis blood vessels pressure and resistance increase as
compliance falls. Leading to hypertension as well as coronary heart disease as heart
is needed to work harder to generate needed blood pressure to overcome resistance
of blood vessel
Variables Identify variable How to measure it How does it impact the
data
Independent variable Diameter of pipe (1,2,3,4 Using 5 pipes that have Determines how change in
cms) the same length with diameter will impact the
different diameters calculated flow rate
Dependant variable The time for 1 litter of Measured by measuring Velocity being measured to
water to pass through the time take for 1 litter of calculate flow rate to
pipe in seconds (flow water to pass through examine impact on diameter
rate of water) pipe (velocity) of pipe and flow rate to
answer my research question

Variables Identify Variable How to control it Why to control it


(How does it impact the
data)
Control Type of liquid passed Water will be passed through Various liquids have different
Variables through the pipe the pipe during each trial as it densities hence take more/less
has a constant viscosity time to flow through the pipes
thus affecting flow rate

Angle of depression The pipe should be places at 70 The angle must be controlled
of the pipe degrees. As the length is 100 as the steepness or flatness of
cm the pipe will be kept at slope impacts the flow rate of
height of 30 cm making at 70- liquid hence should be
degree angle constant during each trail
Individual pouring Same personal will pour water Different induvial will pour
liquid through the through the pipe for each trial water at different pressures
pipe of different diameter that has an impact on the flow
rate of liquid through the pipe

Volume of water 1 litter of water will be passed The amount of water passed
through the pipe for each trial through the pipe affects the
rate of water flowing through
the pipe
Length of pipes All pipes will be 1 meter long The length of tube is directly
(with diameter of 1,2,3,4,5) proportional to resistance as
the longer the vessel the more
resistance hence longer flow
rate

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