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5 Thermodinamika II Siklus Daya Ideal Otto

This document discusses the thermodynamic Otto cycle and its application to spark ignition engines. It provides analysis of the four processes that make up the Otto cycle - isentropic compression, constant volume heat addition, isentropic expansion, and constant volume heat rejection. Key parameters like net work, thermal efficiency, indicated mean effective pressure, and factors that influence cycle work are analyzed. Sample problems are also provided at the end to calculate values like heat addition, net work, thermal efficiency, and mean effective pressure for given Otto cycle conditions.

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Ewing Fadiansyah
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187 views20 pages

5 Thermodinamika II Siklus Daya Ideal Otto

This document discusses the thermodynamic Otto cycle and its application to spark ignition engines. It provides analysis of the four processes that make up the Otto cycle - isentropic compression, constant volume heat addition, isentropic expansion, and constant volume heat rejection. Key parameters like net work, thermal efficiency, indicated mean effective pressure, and factors that influence cycle work are analyzed. Sample problems are also provided at the end to calculate values like heat addition, net work, thermal efficiency, and mean effective pressure for given Otto cycle conditions.

Uploaded by

Ewing Fadiansyah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TERMODINAMIKA

dan PEMBAKARAN

Satworo Adiwidodo, S.T., M.T


SIKLUS OTTO
SI Engine Cycle vs Thermodynamic Otto Cycle

FUEL
A
I Ignition
R

Fuel/Air
Mixture Combustion
Products Actual
Cycle

Intake Compression Power Exhaust


Stroke Stroke Stroke Stroke
Qin Qout

Air
TC Otto
Cycle
BC

Compression Const volume Expansion Const volume


Process heat addition Process heat rejection
Process Process
Actual SI Engine cycle

Ignition

TC BC
SIKLUS OTTO

Qin
v1 v4
rv  
v2 v3

Qout

Process 0  1 intake
Process 1  2 Isentropic compression
Process 2  3 Constant volume heat addition (isovolumetric)
Process 3  4 Isentropic expansion
Process 4  1 Constant volume heat rejection (isovolumetric)
Process 1  0 Exhaust
Analysis of Otto Cycle

12 Isentropic Compression, entropy (s) constant

air standar analysis from tabel


Q Win
(u2  u1 )  
AIR

m m
v2 vr 2
Win  Jika s1= s2
 (u2  u1 ) v1 vr1
m

cold air standar analysis constant k


k 1
T2  v1  P2 T2 v1
Win    rv
k 1
k
 (u2  u1 )  cv (T2  T1 )     rv
m T1  v2  P1 T1 v2
Analysis of Otto Cycle

23 Constant Volume Heat Addition

air standar analysis from tabel


Qin W
(u3  u2 )  ( ) Qin
m m AIR
TC
Qin
 (u3  u 2 )
P3 T3
m

P2 T2

cold air standar analysis constant k

Qin
 cv (T3  T2 )
m
Analysis of Otto Cycle

3  4 Isentropic Expansion

air standar analysis from tabel


Q Wout
(u4  u3 )   AIR
m m
Wout v4 vr 4
 (u3  u4 )  Jika s3= s4
m
v3 vr 3

cold air standar analysis constant k


k 1
Wout
 cv (T3  T4 ) T4  v3  1
    P4 T4 v3 1
  
m T3  v4  r k 1 P3 T3 v4 r k
Analysis of Otto Cycle

4  1 Constant Volume Heat Removal

air standar analysis from tabel


Qout W
(u1  u4 )  
m m AIR Qout
P4 P1
Qout
 (u1  u4 ) 
m BC T4 T1

cold air standar analysis constant k


Qout
 cv (T1  T4 )
m
Analysis of Otto Cycle

Net cycle work:

Wcycle  Wout  (Win )  mu3  u4   mu2  u1 


Cycle indicated thermal efficiency:
Air standar analysis:
Wcycle u3  u4   u2  u1  u3  u2   u4  u1  u u
th     1 4 1
Qin u3  u2  u3  u2 u3  u2

Cold Air standar analysis:

cv (T4  T1 ) T 1
th  1   1  1  1  k 1
cv (T3  T2 ) T2 r
Indicated mean effective pressure

Indicated mean effective pressure is:


Wcycle imep Qin  r  1  Qin / m  r 
imep     
 th    th
V1  V2 P1 P1V1  r  1  k  1  u1  r  1 

Work per cycle is represented in terms of a mean effective


pressure and the displacement.
p
MEP = Mean effective pressure

V X = Displacement
Efek Kompresi rasio terhadap effisiensi thermal

1
th  1
const cV r k 1
Traditional
SI engines
9 < r < 11

k = 1.4

• Spark ignition engine compression ratio limited by T3 (autoignition)


and P3 (material strength), both ~rk

• For r = 8 the efficiency is 56%


Efek Specific Heat Ratio terhadap Efisiensi Thermal

1
th  1
const cV r k 1

Specific heat
ratio (k)

Cylinder temperatures vary between 300K and 2000K so 1.2 < k < 1.4
k = 1.3 most representative
Faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kerja per siklus

The net cycle work of an engine can be increased by either:


i) Increasing the r (1’2)
ii) Increase Qin (23”)
3’’
P

3 (ii)
4’’
Qin 4
Wcycle Wcycle Qin  r 
4’ imep    th
2
(i) V1  V2 V1  r  1 

1
1’

V2 V1
Sambungan …

Tabel T-9E=A-22E (Book)


Sambungan …
Sambungan …
Latihan

Otto Cycle
9.1 An air-standard Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 8.5. At
the beginning of compression, p1= 100 kPa and T1 = 300 K.
The heat addition per unit mass of air is 1400 kJ/kg. Determine
(a) the net work, in kJ per kg of air.
(b) the thermal efficiency of the cycle.
(c) the mean effective pressure, in kPa.
(d) the maximum temperature in the cycle, in K.

9.2 Solve Problem 9.1 on a cold air-standard basis with specific


heats evaluated at 300 K.
Latihan

9.3 At the beginning of the compression process of an air standard Otto


cycle, p1 1 bar, T1 290 OK, V1 400 cm3. The maximum temperature in the
cycle is 2200 OK and the compression ratio is 8. Determine
(a) the heat addition, in kJ.
(b) the net work, in kJ.
(c) the thermal efficiency.
(d) the mean effective pressure, in bar.

9.4 Solve Problem 9.3 on a cold air-standard basis with specific heats
evaluated at 300 OK.

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