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Thales was one of the first pre-Socratic philosophers in ancient Greece. He is considered the founder of Western philosophy and was the first to reject supernatural explanations, instead seeking rational reasons for events. He used logic and evidence to predict a good olive harvest and profit from cornering the market. Pythagoras founded Pythagoreanism and was the first to call himself a philosopher. He is known for the Pythagorean theorem and believed in reincarnation and other mystical concepts.

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46 views

Mind Map

Thales was one of the first pre-Socratic philosophers in ancient Greece. He is considered the founder of Western philosophy and was the first to reject supernatural explanations, instead seeking rational reasons for events. He used logic and evidence to predict a good olive harvest and profit from cornering the market. Pythagoras founded Pythagoreanism and was the first to call himself a philosopher. He is known for the Pythagorean theorem and believed in reincarnation and other mystical concepts.

Uploaded by

maegan kim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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often credited with being the first systematic philosopher of founder  of  Pythagoreanism, and was probably the first

st man to
the Western world. call himself a philosopher (or lover of wisdom).
He was the first to reject supernatural explanations and He is known as the  "father of numbers" and is best known for
seek reasons behind events. his  Pythagorean Theorem
To prove the value of this understanding of the world he Apart from scientific discoveries, he also did much work on
used his logic and evidence to predict a good crop of mystical beliefs such as reincarnation.
olives and, buying up olive presses, was able to corner the Was one of the first to think that the Earth was  round, that all
planets have an  axis, and that all the  planets t ravel around one
market in oil and make a fortune.

THALES PYTHAGORAS
central point

pre
socratic
HERACLITUS ANAXIMANDER
also known as Heraclitus the Black, the Obscure, and the posited a source for the cosmos, which he called the
Weeping Philosopher for his negative outlook and boundless (apeiron).
mysterious sayings
The universe, though, is a continual play of elements
He is famous for the saying ‘You cannot step in the same separating and combining.
river twice.’ Is this because the river will have changed Indeed, this everlasting principle gave rise to the cosmos by
between steps, or you will have? Another of his sayings was generating hot and cold, each of which “separated off” from
‘Everything flows.’ the boundless.
The logical aspect concerns Forms as a principles An important metaphysical aspect of Form is that Plato thinks
of classification; this relates to the meaning of of them as more real than material things, in that they do not

general terms change, decay, or cease to exist.

What things are real? Is there a mind-independent reality? Is


what do general terms stand for? What is it
there anything permanent behind the changing phenomena
that we grasp when we understand something?
that can be perceived?

SEMANTIC METAPHYSICAL
plato's
theory of forms
EPISTEMOLOGICAL MORAL
only intellectual acquaintance with the Forms properly There are absolute standards of value set for us by the
counts as knowledge. ethical Forms
what are the objects of knowledge? How is knowledge For Plato,  goodness  and  being  are intimately connected.
possible? How is knowledge distinguished from (mere) belief Plato’s universe is value-ridden at its very foundations:
value is there from the start, not imposed upon an
or opinion?
antiseptic, value-neutral reality by the likes of us -
perception of impermanent objects and events in the external imposers of value on what in itself has no
physical world is only belief or “opinion,” not knowledge intrinsic value.

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