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5b Contingency Tables and Conditional Probability Answer Key

The document provides two contingency tables showing the number of side effects from drugs in a study and the gender of employees in different occupations. It then asks a series of questions calculating probabilities from the tables, including conditional probabilities given certain events and the probabilities of joint events. The questions cover concepts like marginal, conditional, and joint probabilities using the tables as examples.

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Shehab Khalifa
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865 views

5b Contingency Tables and Conditional Probability Answer Key

The document provides two contingency tables showing the number of side effects from drugs in a study and the gender of employees in different occupations. It then asks a series of questions calculating probabilities from the tables, including conditional probabilities given certain events and the probabilities of joint events. The questions cover concepts like marginal, conditional, and joint probabilities using the tables as examples.

Uploaded by

Shehab Khalifa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Contingency Tables and Conditional Probability worksheet key

1. The following table shows the number of side effects of a drug dependent on the type of side
effect.

Number of side effects in a 10 week trial

Illness Drug 1 (B1) Drug 2 (B2) Drug 3 (B3) Total


Stomach Ache 10 30 15 55
(A1)
Cough (A2) 11 20 13 44
Headache (A3) 14 50 10 74
Total 35 100 38 173

a) If a person with a side effect is randomly selected from the study, what is the probability that
the person had a headache?

P(A3) = 74/173 = 0.43 or 43%


b) What is the probability that a randomly selected person had a stomach ache or a cough as a side
effect?
P(A1) + P(A2) = 55/173 + 44/173 = 99/173 = 0.57 or 57%
c) What is the probability of selecting someone with a cough or someone who took Drug 3?
General Rule of Addition: P(A2) + P(B3) – P(A2 and B3)
44/173 + 38/173 – 13/173 = 69/173 = 0.4 or 40%
d) Given that a person had a headache, what is the probability that a person took drug 2?
P(B2/A3) = 50/74 = 0.68 or 68%

e) What is the probability of picking a person with a headache followed by a person with a stomach
ache?

P(A3 ) X P(A1/A3) = 74/173 X 55/172 = 0.14 = 14%

f) What is the probability of selecting an employee who had a cough and took drug 2?

P(A2 and B2) = 20/173 = 0.12 or 12%

g) What is the probability of selecting an employee who had a stomach ache and took drug 1 ?
P(B1 and A1) = 10/173 = 0.06 = 6%
2. Look at the table below to answer the questions.

Gender of Employees of Different Occupations

Occupation of Male Female Total


Staff Member
Nurse 5 15 20
Physician 11 11 22
Orderly 24 30 54
Total 40 56 96

a) If a staff member is randomly selected from the study, what is the probability that the person
was an orderly?

P(A3) = 54/96 = 0.56 or 56%

b) What is the probability that a randomly selected person is a nurse or a physician?

P(A1) + P(A2) = 20/96 + 22/96 = 42/96 = 0.44 or 44%

c) What is the probability of selecting someone who is an orderly or male?


General Rule of Addition: P(A3) + P(B1) – P(A3 and B1)
54/96 + 40/96 – 24/96 = 70/96 = 73%

d) Given that a person is a nurse what is the probability that the person is female?
P(B2/A1) = 15/20 = 75%

e) What is the probability of selecting two physicians in a row?

P(A2) X P(A2/A2) = 22/96 X 21/95 = 0.05 or 5%

f) What is the probability of selecting a person who is an orderly and a male?

P(A3 and B1) = 24/96 = 0.25 or 25%

g) What is the probability of selecting a person who is a male and an orderly?


Same as above = 0.25 or 25%

h) Draw a probability tree to check your answers showing conditional and joint probabilities.

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