Reading
Reading
phile, amateur ethologist, armchair watcher, or even just pond relative of young
zoo fans. A long introductory essay, "how Animals Behave: A Primer,"
describes inprecise but lively prose the primary activities common to all
mammals, birds and reptiles, among them sleeping, communicating, fighting,
yawning, grooming, moving, courting, copulating and parenting. Of course we
advanced primates have added a few flourishes, but is sobering to realize how
adequately these few words also describe most human behavior. The great
differences between, and sometimes within, most species are not in what they
do but how they look. This is one of the great charms of nature, but a mystery
too since the variations in diet, climate, predators, habitats or history do not
quite seem to account for the extravagant extremes in size, structure and
ornament of moose and mouse, flamingo and wren, or even borzoi and
Chihuahua.
Benyus often explains the animal's variant on basic behavior patterns: for
example, after the male ostrich scrapes out a shallow nest, both the "major hen"
and the others in the harem lay their eggs. Then the male and the major hen
laboriously hatch them "while the minor hens walk away scot-free." She also
notes such colorful pastimes as neck wrestling, knuckle walking, mid
wallowing, whisker stropping and feather painting. Even such variations and
diversions, however, like the more obviously crucial activities, are presented as
survival maneuvers or reproductive strategies - technique for saving oneself or
perpetuating one's genes. Benyus stresses this bleak sociobiology in her
introduction. But then, moving from the general on the specific, she cannot
entirely avoid in hint of affectionate anthropomorphism (who can - or should?)
in the sections on the gently elephants and sociable zebras, the playful penguins
and the sea lions - or the dolphins, those clever creatures who nonetheless seem
so fond of us.
But at last there is hope of reconciliation among those who regard zoos as
educational, those who condemn them as prisons for animals, those who praise
them as nurseries for endangered species, and the many others who find zoos
depressing but dread the loss of beauty and the loneliness of a world in which
one might never see a live wild animal larger than a raccoon. This common
ground is the BioPark. Michael H. Robinson, director of the Smithsonian's
National Zoological Park, who calls the conventional zoo " an anachronistic
entity," has worked for years to promote this concept of "a holistic form of
bioexhibitory portraying live in all its interconnectedness." A BioPark is a large,
natural, protected environment containing most of the birds, mammals, insects,
trees, flowers and minerals indigenous to certain region, such as an African
savanna - or even several of these extended "exhibits" in one vast area. The
antizoo U.S Humane Society last summer urged the establishment of 6 to 12
large regional BioParks containing native wildlife. An in November 1992,
"Amazonia," a tropical rain forest environment, opened at the National Zoo, and
Cleveland Opened its own large BioPark.
TRANSLATE
Buku ini harus ada dalam buku kasus setiap phile phile non profesional,
ahli etologi amatir, pengamat kursi, atau bahkan hanya kolam relatif dari
penggemar kebun binatang muda. Sebuah esai pendahuluan panjang,
"bagaimana Binatang Berperilaku: Seorang Primer," menggambarkan prosa
yang baik tetapi hidup adalah kegiatan utama yang umum untuk semua
mamalia, burung dan reptil, di antaranya tidur, berkomunikasi, berkelahi,
menguap, dandan, bergerak, pacaran, bersanggama dan menjadi orangtua. .
Tentu saja kami primata maju telah menambahkan beberapa berkembang, tetapi
serius untuk menyadari seberapa cukup beberapa kata ini juga menggambarkan
perilaku manusia yang paling. Perbedaan besar antara, dan kadang-kadang di
dalam, sebagian besar spesies tidak dalam apa yang mereka lakukan tetapi
bagaimana mereka terlihat. Ini adalah salah satu pesona alam, tetapi juga misteri
karena variasi dalam diet, iklim, pemangsa, habitat atau sejarah tampaknya
tidak memperhitungkan ekstrem luar biasa dalam ukuran, struktur dan ornamen
moose dan mouse, flamingo dan wren, atau bahkan borzoi dan Chihuahua.