Physics
Physics
'knowledge of
nature', from φύσις phýsis 'nature')[1][2][3] is the natural science that studies matter,[4] its motion and
behavior through space and time, and that studies the related entities of energy and force.[5] Physics is
one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines, and its main goal is to understand how
the universe behaves.[a][6][7][8]
Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines and, through its inclusion of astronomy,
perhaps the oldest.[9] Over much of the past two millennia, physics, chemistry, biology, and certain
branches of mathematics, were a part of natural philosophy, but during the Scientific Revolution in the
17th century these natural sciences emerged as unique research endeavors in their own right.[b] Physics
intersects with many interdisciplinary areas of research, such as biophysics and quantum chemistry,
and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined. New ideas in physics often explain the
fundamental mechanisms studied by other sciences[6] and suggest new avenues of research in
academic disciplines such as mathematics and philosophy.
Advances in physics often enable advances in new technologies. For example, advances in the
understanding of electromagnetism, solid-state physics, and nuclear physics led directly to the
development of new products that have dramatically transformed modern-day society, such
as television, computers, domestic appliances, and nuclear weapons;[6] advances
in thermodynamics led to the development of industrialization; and advances in mechanics inspired
the development of calculus.