Rules and Regulations for the Construction and Classification of High Speed Crafts and Light Crafts

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Chapter 13

Electrical Installations
Contents
Section
1 General Requirements
2 Main Source of Electrical Power
3 Emergency Source of Electrical Power
4 External Source of Electrical Power
5 Supply and Distribution
6 System Design – Protection
7 Switch Gear and Control Gear Assemblies
8 Rotating Machines
9 Converter Equipment
10 Electrical Cables
11 Batteries
12 Equipment – Heating, Lighting and Accessories
13 Electrical Equipment for use in Explosive Atmospheres
14 Navigation and Manoeuvring Systems
15 Fire Safety Systems
16 Crew and Passenger Emergency Safety Systems
17 Craft Safety Systems
18 Small Crafts Not Required to Comply With HSC Notation
19 Trials

Section 1

General Requirements

1.1 General Craft and Light Crafts intended to be classed,

attention should also be given to any relevant
1.1.1 The requirements of Section 1 to 17 and 19 are statutory regulations of the National Authority of the
applicable to all crafts having ‘HSC’ notation. country in which the craft is to be registered.

All non-HSC non-passenger crafts of less than 500 1.1.3 Electrical services required to maintain the
tons GT having ‘LC’ notation are to meet the craft in a normal seagoing, operational and habitable
requirements of Section 18. condition are to be capable of being maintained
without recourse to the emergency source of
For all non-HSC craft of more than 500 tons GT and electrical power.
non-HSC passenger craft of less than 500 tons GT
(having ‘LC’ notation), the requirements given in 1.1.4 Electrical services essential for safety are to be
Part 4, Chapter 8 of the ‘Rules and Regulations for maintained under various emergency conditions.
the Construction and Classification of Steel Ships’ The safety of passengers, crew and craft from
are to be applied, in general. It may be noted that as electrical hazards is to be ensured.
these crafts, do not follow the design philosophy of
the HSC Code in totality the requirements of HSC 1.1.5 Failure mode and effects analysis of the craft is
code are not applied. to include the electrical system, taking into account
the effects of electrical failure on the systems being
1.1.2 Whilst this chapter applies to the electrical supplied. In cases where faults can occur without
engineering equipment and systems on High Speed being detected during routine checks on the

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installation the analysis is to take into account the 1.2.8 Emergency source of electrical power is a
possibility of faults occurring simultaneously or source of electrical power, intended to supply the
consecutively. emergency switchboard in the event of failure of the
supply from the main source of electrical power.
1.2 Definitions
1.2.9 Special category spaces are those enclosed
1.2.1 Normal operational and habitable condition spaces above or below the bulkhead deck intended
is condition under which the craft as a whole, the for the carriage of motor vehicles with fuel, for their
machinery, services, means and aids ensuring own propulsion, in their tanks, into and from which
propulsion, ability to steer, safe navigation, fire and such vehicles can be driven and to which passengers
flooding safety, internal and external have access.
communications and signals, means of escape, and
emergency boat winches, as well as designed 1.3 Plans
comfortable conditions of habitability are in working
order and functioning normally. 1.3.1 The following plans and details for electrical
installation are to be submitted in triplicate for
1.2.2 Emergency condition is a condition under approval.
which any services needed for normal operational
and habitable conditions are not in a working order 1.3.2 Single line diagram of main and emergency
due to the failure of the main source of electrical power and lighting systems which is to include:
power.
a) ratings of machines, transformers, batteries and
1.2.3 Main source of electrical power is a source semi-conductor converters;
intended to supply electrical power to the main b) all feeders connected to the main and
switchboard for distribution to all services necessary emergency switchboards;
for maintaining the ship in normal operational and c) section boards and distribution boards;
habitable conditions. d) insulation type, size and current loadings of
cables;
1.2.4 Dead craft condition and blackout are both e) make, type and rating of circuit breakers and
understood to mean a condition under which the fuses.
main propulsion plant, boilers and auxiliaries are not
in operation and in restoring the propulsion, no 1.3.3 Simplified diagrams of generator circuits,
stored energy for starting the propulsion plant, the inter-connector circuits and feeder circuits showing:
main source of electrical power and other essential
auxiliaries is to be assumed available. It is assumed a) protective devices e.g. short circuit, overload,
that means are available at all times to start the reverse power protection;
emergency generator or one of the main generators b) instrumentation and synchronizing devices;
when the main source is arranged according to 3.1.2. c) preference tripping;
d) remote stops;
1.2.5 Main generating station is the space in which e) earth fault indication/protection.
the main source of electrical power is situated.
1.3.4 Calculations of prospective short circuit
1.2.6 Main switchboard is a switchboard which is currents of main busbar and secondary side of
directly supplied by the main source of electrical transformers (Additionally load schedule of normal
power and is intended to distribute electrical energy and emergency operating loads on the system
to craft’s services. estimated for the different operating conditions
expected is to be submitted for information).
1.2.7 Emergency switchboard is a switchboard
which in the event of failure of the main electrical 1.3.5 For battery installations, arrangement plans
power supply system is directly supplied by the and calculation to show compliance with Section 11.
emergency source of electrical power or transitional
source of emergency power and is intended to 1.3.6 Details of electrically operated passenger and
distribute electrical energy to the emergency crew safety systems which are to include single line
services. diagrams and a general arrangement plan of the craft

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showing the vertical fire zones and location of • air compressors for starting and maneuvering
equipment and cable routes of: essential mains and auxiliary machinery,
• air pumps,
a) emergency lighting; • ballast and bilge pumps,
b) accommodation fire detection, alarm and • fire pumps,
extinction systems; • main lighting system for those parts of craft
c) public address system; normally accessible to and used by personnel
d) general alarm; and passengers,
e) watertight doors, shell doors and other • navigational aids where required by statutory
electrically operated closing appliances. regulations,
• navigational lights and special purpose lights
1.3.7 In order to establish compliance with 5.1.3 to
where required by statutory regulations,
5.1.5. General Arrangement plan of the craft
• watertight doors and other electrically operated
showing location of major items of electrical
closing appliances,
equipment, i.e. main and emergency generators,
• scavenge blowers,
main and emergency switchboards, emergency
batteries, motors for emergency services. • valves which are required to be remotely
operated,
1.3.8 Arrangement plans of main and emergency • power sources and supply system for supplying
switch board and section boarding. the above services.

1.4 Surveys 1.5.2 Services such as following are considered

necessary for minimum comfortable conditions of
1.4.1 Electrical machinery and auxiliary services habitability :
essential for the safety of the craft are to be installed
in accordance with the relevant requirements of this • cooking;
chapter, surveyed and have tests witnessed by the • heating;
Surveyors. • domestic refrigeration;
• mechanical ventilation;
1.4.2 Generators, motors and transformers of 100 • sanitary and fresh water.
kW or over intended for essential services are to be
surveyed during manufacture and testing. 1.5.3 Services such as following, which are in
addition to 1.5.1 and 1.5.2, are considered necessary
1.5 Essential and other services to maintain the craft in a normal seagoing
operational and habitable condition :
1.5.1 Essential services wheresoever mentioned in
the Rules are those which need to be in continuous • cargo handling and cargo gear equipment;
operation for maintaining the craft’s • hotel services, other than those required for
maneuverability with regard to propulsion and habitable conditions;
steering and for the safety of the craft. Examples of • thrusters systems for manoeuvring.
essential services are:
1.6 Design and construction
• steering gear,
• pumps for variable pitch propellers, 1.6.1 Equipment for services essential for the safety
• fuel oil supply pumps, of the craft are to be constructed in accordance with
• fuel valve cooling pumps, the relevant requirements of this chapter.
• lubricating oil pumps,
• circulating and cooling water pumps, 1.6.2 The design and installation of other equipment
• automatic sprinkler systems, is to be such that risk of fire due to its failure is
• main engine remote control devices, minimized. It is to, as a minimum, comply with a
• fire detection and alarm system, National or International Standard revised where
necessary for ambient conditions.
• communication systems,
• windlasses,
• ventilating fans for engine room,

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1.7 Voltage and frequency variation

1.8 Ambient reference conditions
1.7.1 All electrical appliances supplied from the
main or emergency systems are to be so designed 1.8.1 For details regarding ambient reference
and manufactured that they are capable of operating condition see Part 4, Chapter 1, Section 1.7 of Rules
satisfactorily under the normally occurring and Regulations for the Construction and
variations in voltage and frequency. Unless Classification of Steel Ships.
otherwise stated, all equipments are to operate
satisfactorily with the variations from its rated value 1.9 Inclination of craft
shown in the following table:
1.9.1 Emergency and essential electrical equipment
Item Variations is to operate satisfactorily under the conditions as
Permanent Transient shown in Table 1.9.1.
Frequency ± 5% ± 10% (recovery time
5 seconds)
Voltage + 6% ± 20% (recovery time
- 10% 1.5 seconds)
Note : The above values do not apply to battery
systems

Table 1.9.1 : Machinery inclination

Angle of inclination 1)
Installations/Components Athwartships Fore-and-aft
Static Dynamic Static Dynamic
Main and auxiliary machinery 15o 22.5o 5o 7.5o
Safety equipment e.g. emergency power
installations, emergency fire pumps and
their devices switchgear, electrical and 22.5o 22.5o 10o 10o
2)
electronic appliances and remote
control systems
Notes:
1) Athwartships and core-and-aft inclinations occur simultaneously.
2) Switches and controls are to remain in their last set position.

1.10 Location and construction 1.10.3 Insulating materials and insulated windings
are to be flame retardant and resistant to tracking,
1.10.1 Electrical equipment is, as far as is moisture, sea air and oil vapour unless special
practicable, to be accessibly placed, clear of precautions are taken to protect them.
flammable material in well ventilated, adequately
lighted spaces, in which flammable gases cannot 1.10.4 Equipment is not to remain alive through the
accumulate and where it is not exposed to risk of control circuits and/or pilot lamps when switched off
mechanical injury or damage from water, steam or by the control switch. This does not apply to
oil. Where necessarily exposed to such risks, the synchronizing switches and/or plugs.
equipment is to be suitably constructed or enclosed.
Live parts are to be guarded where necessary. 1.10.5 The operation of all electrical equipment and
the lubrication arrangements are to be efficient
1.10.2 All electrical apparatus is to be so constructed under such conditions of vibration and shock as arise
and so installed that it does not cause injury when in normal practice.
handled or touched in the normal manner.

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1.10.6 All nuts and screws used in connection with be accepted for instrumentation cables if desirable
current-carrying and working parts are to be for technical reasons.
effectively locked.
1.11.4 The electrical continuity of all metal
1.10.7 Conductors and equipment are to be placed at coverings of cables throughout the length of the
such a distance from the magnetic compasses, or are cable, particularly at joints and tappings, is to be
to be so disposed, that the interfering magnetic field ensured.
is negligible when circuits are switched on and off.
1.11.5 Metal parts of portable appliances, other than
1.11 Earthing current-carrying parts and parts exempted by 1.11.2
are to be earthed by means of an earth-continuity
1.11.1 Unless specifically exempted in 1.11.2 all conductor in the flexible cable or cord through the
accessible metal of the electric installation, other associated plug and socket-outlet.
than current carrying accessible parts should be
earthed. 1.11.6 Earthing conductors are to be of copper or
other corrosion-resistant material and be securely
1.11.2 The following parts may be exempted from installed and protected where necessary against
the requirements of 1.11.1: damage and also, where necessary, against
electrolytic corrosion. Connections are to be so
a) lamp-caps, where suitably shrouded; secured that they cannot work loose under vibration.
b) shades, reflectors and guards supported on
lamp-holders or light fittings constructed of, or 1.11.7 The nominal cross-section areas of copper
shrouded in, non-conducting material; earthing conductors are, in general to be equal to the
c) metal parts on, or screws in or through, non- cross section of the current carrying conductor upto
conducting materials, which are separated by 16 mm2. Above this figure they are to be equal to at
such material from current-carrying parts and least half the cross-section of the current-carrying
from earthed non-current carrying parts in such conductor with a minimum of 16 mm2. Every other
a way that in normal use they cannot become earthing conductor is to have a conductance not less
live or come into contact with earthed parts; than that specified for an equivalent copper earthing
d) apparatus which is constructed in accordance conductor.
with the principle of double insulation;
e) bearing housings which are insulated in order to 1.11.8 The connection of the earthing conductor to
prevent circulation of current in the bearings; the hull of the craft is to be made in an accessible
f) clips for fluorescent lamps; position and is to be secured by a screw or stud of
g) cable clips and short lengths of pipes for cable diameter not less than 6 mm which is to be used for
protection; this purpose only. Bright metallic surfaces at the
h) apparatus supplied at a voltage not exceeding 55 contact areas are to be ensured immediately before
V direct current or 55 V, root mean square, the nut or screw is tightened and, where necessary,
between conductors, or between any conductor the joint is to be protected against electrolytic
and earth in a circuit isolated from the supply. corrosion. The connection is to remain unpainted.
Autotransformers are not to be used for the
purpose of achieving the alternating current 1.12 Electrical bonding for the control of static
voltage; electricity
i) apparatus or parts of apparatus which although
not shrouded in insulating material is 1.12.1 In non-metallic craft, all metallic parts of the
nevertheless otherwise so guarded that it cannot craft are to be electrically bonded together, as far as
be touched and cannot come in contact with possible, in consideration of galvanic corrosion
exposed metal. between dissimilar metals, to ensure an earth return
path and to connect the craft to the water when
1.11.3 Metal coverings of cables are to be water-borne. This does not apply to isolated
effectively earthed at both ends of the cable. In final components, which cannot become live, nor require
sub-circuits, other than those installed in hazardous control of static electricity.
zones or spaces, earthing at the supply end only will
be considered adequate. Single point earthing may 1.12.2 Bonding straps for the control of static
electricity are required for piping systems, including

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pressure refuelling points, which are not electrically

continuous throughout their length and for 1.12.4 Where bonding conductors are provided for
flammable products, which are not permanently lightning discharge currents, they are to have a
connected to the hull of the craft either directly or minimum cross section of 50 mm2 in copper.
via their bolted or welded supports and where the
resistance between them and the hull exceeds 1MΩ. 1.13 Enclosures

1.12.3 Where bonding straps are required for the 1.13.1 The enclosure types given in Table 1.13.1 are
control of static electricity, they are to be robust, that required as a minimum.
is, having a cross sectional area of about 10 mm2,
and are to comply with 1.11.6 and 1.11.8.

Table 1.13.1 : Enclosure types in relation to location

(N : Normally not accepted for installation in this location).

Location Switch- Control Rotating Trans- Lighting Heating Socket Accesso-

boards gear and machines formers fittings applian- outlets ries such
motor and ces as
starters rectifiers switches,
connecti-
on boxes
Engine rooms
Above the floor IP 22 IP 22 IP 22 IP 22 IP 22 IP 22 IP 44 IP 44
Dry control rooms IP 22 IP 22 IP 22 IP 22 IP 22 IP 22 IP 22 IP 22
Below the floor N N IP 44 N IP 44 IP 44 N IP 44
Closed compartments for fuel oil IP 44 IP 44 IP 44 IP 44 IP 44 IP 44 N IP 44
and lub.oil separators
Fuel oil tanks N N N N N N N N
Ballast and other water tanks, bilge N N IP 68 N N IP 68 N N
wells
Ventilation ducts N N IP 44 N N N N N
Deckhouses, forecastle spaces, IP 22 IP 22 IP 22 IP 22 IP 22 IP 22 IP 44 IP 44
steering gear compartments and
similar spaces
Ballast pump rooms and similar IP 44 IP 44 IP 44 IP 44 IP 44 IP 44 IP 56 IP 56
rooms below the loadline
Cargo holds N N IP 44 N IP 55 N IP 56 IP 56
Open deck, keel ducts IP 56 IP 56 IP 56 IP 56 IP 55 IP 56 IP 56 IP 56
Battery rooms, lamp rooms, paint N N EX N EX EX N EX
stores, stores for welding gas
bottles
Dry accommodation spaces IP 20 IP 20 IP 20 IP 20 IP 20 IP 20 IP 20 IP 20
Bath rooms and showers N N N N IP 44 IP 44 N IP 56
Galleys, laundries and similar IP 44 IP 44 IP 44 IP 44 IP 44 IP 44 IP 44 IP 44
rooms

1.14 Creepage and clearance distances also depend upon insulating material, dust, deposits,
humidity etc.
1.14.1 Distance between live parts and between live
parts and earthed metal, whether across surfaces or 1.15 Additions or alterations
in air, are to be adequate for the working voltages
considering the nature of the insulating material and 1.15.1 No addition, temporary or permanent, is to be
the transient over voltages developed by switch and made to the approved load of an existing installation
fault conditions. until it has been ascertained that the current carrying
capacity and the condition of the existing equipment
1.14.2 For bare busbars the minimum clearance including cables and switchgear are adequate for the
distances in Table 1.14.1 are to be observed. Where increased load.
necessary these distances are to be increased to
allow for the electromagnetic forces involved and

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1.15.2 Plans are to be submitted for consideration Table 1.14.1 : Minimum clearances distances
and the alterations or additions are to be carried out
under the survey and to the satisfaction of the Voltage Minimum Minimum
Surveyors. between clearance to clearance between
phases earth phases or poles
or poles In air In oil In air In oil
[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm]
660 or 16 - 19 -
less
2200 38 - 38 -
3300 51 13 51 19
6600 63 19 89 25

Section 2

Main Source of Electrical Power

2.1 General
2.2.3 Where the electrical power requirement to
2.1.1 The main source of electrical power is to maintain the craft in a normal operational and
comply with the requirements of this section without habitable condition is usually supplied by one
recourse to the emergency source of electrical generating set, arrangements are to be provided to
power. prevent overloading of the running generator. On
loss of power there is to be provision for automatic
2.2 Number and rating of generating sets starting and connecting to the main switchboard of
the standby set and automatic sequential restarting
2.2.1 Under seagoing conditions, the number and of essential services in as short a time as practicable.
rating of service generating sets and converting sets,
when any one generating set or converting set is out 2.3 Number and rating of converting equipment
of action, are:
2.3.1 Where the electrical services for essential
a) to be sufficient to ensure the operation of equipment and habitable conditions is supplied via
electrical services for essential equipment and converting equipment, such as transformers and
habitable conditions; semi conducting converters, the number of sets and
the rating of the converting equipment are to be
b) to have sufficient reserve capacity to permit the sufficient to ensure the operation of these electrical
starting of the largest motor without causing any services even when one set of converting equipment
motor to stall or any device to fail due to is out of source.
excessive voltage drop on the system;
2.3.2 Each transformer or semi conducting converter
c) to be capable of providing the electrical services is to be fitted as separate unit, with a separate
necessary to start the main propulsion enclosure.
machinery from a “dead ship condition”. The
emergency source of electrical power may be 2.4 Starting arrangements
used to assist if it can provide power at the same
time to those services required to be supplied by 2.4.1 The starting arrangements of the generating
Section 3. (See also 2.4.2). sets prime movers are to comply with the
requirements of Part 4, Chapter 4 as applicable in
2.2.2 The arrangement of the craft’s main source of Rules & Regulations for the Construction and
power is to be such that the operation of electrical Classification of Steel Ships.
services for essential equipment and habitable
conditions can be maintained regardless of the speed
and direction of the propulsion machinery shafting.

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2.4.2 Where the emergency source of electrical 2.5 Prime mover governors
power is required to be used to restore propulsion
from a “dead craft condition”, the emergency 2.5.1 The governing accuracy of the generating sets’
generator is to be capable of providing initial prime movers is to meet the requirements of Part 4,
starting energy for the propulsion machinery within Chapter 4 in Rules & Regulations for the
30 minutes of the “dead craft condition”. The Construction and Classification of Steel Ships.
emergency generator capacity is to be sufficient for
restoring propulsion in addition to supplying those 2.5.2 The maximum load step applied to the
services in Section 3. See Part 4, Chapter 4, Section electrical installation is not to cause the frequency
4 for initial starting arrangements in ‘Rules and variation of the electrical supply to exceed the
Regulations for the Construction and Classification parameters given in 1.7.1. See also Part 4, Chapter 4
of Steel Ships’. in Rules and Regulations for the Construction and
Classification of Steel Ships.

Section 3

Emergency Source of Electrical Power

3.1 General 3.2.2 The emergency source of electrical power,

associated transforming equipment, if any,
3.1.1 The requirements of this section apply to transitional source of emergency power, emergency
passenger craft and to cargo craft of 500 tonnes switchboard and emergency lighting switchboard are
gross tonnage and above, in general. to be located above the waterline in the final
condition of damage, be operable in that condition
3.1.2 Where the main source of electrical power is and be readily accessible from the open deck. They
located in two or more compartments which are not are not to be located forward of the collision
contiguous, each of which has its own self-contained bulkhead.
systems, including power distribution and control
systems, completely independent of each other and 3.2.3 The location of the emergency source of
such that a fire or other casualty in any one of the electrical power and associated transforming
spaces will not affect the power distribution from the equipment, if any, the transitional source of
others, or to the services required by 3.2 and 3.3, the emergency power, the emergency switchboard and
requirement of this section may be considered the emergency lighting switchboard in relation to the
satisfied without an additional emergency source of main source of electrical power, associated
electrical power, provided that: transforming equipment, if any, and the main
switchboard is to be such as to ensure that a fire or
a) there is at least one generating set of sufficient other casualty in spaces containing the main source
capacity to meet the requirement of 3.2 or 3.3 of electrical power, associated transforming
and 3.4 in at least two non-contiguous spaces; equipment, if any, and the main switchboard or in
any machinery space will not interfere with the
b) the generator sets referred to in 3.1.2(a) and supply, control and distribution of emergency
their self-contained systems are installed such electrical power. The space containing the
that one of them remains operable after damage emergency source of electrical power, associated
or flooding in any one compartment. transforming equipment, if any, the transitional
source of emergency electrical power and the
3.1.3 Cargo craft of 300 tons gross tonnage and emergency switchboard is not to be contiguous to
above are to comply with 3.6. the boundaries of machinery spaces and those spaces
containing the main source of electrical power,
3.2 Emergency source of electrical power in associated transforming equipment, if any, or the
passenger craft main switchboard.

3.2.1 A self-contained emergency source of 3.2.4 Provided that suitable measures are taken for
electrical power is to be provided. safeguarding independent emergency operation
under all circumstances, the emergency generator

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may be used exceptionally, and for short periods, to ii) the craft’s whistle, if electrically
supply non-emergency circuits. Failure of the driven.
emergency switchboard when being used in other
than an emergency is not to put at risk the operation d) for a period of 12 hours:
of the craft.
i) the navigational equipment as required by
3.2.5 For Category (B) craft, the electrical power HSC Code Chapter 13; where such
available is to be sufficient to supply all those provision is unreasonable or impractical
services that are essential for safety in an this requirement may be waived for craft of
emergency, due regard being paid to such services less than 5000 tons gross tonnage;
as may have to be operated simultaneously. The
emergency source of electrical power is to be ii) essential electrically powered
capable, having regard to starting currents and the instruments and control for propulsion
transitory nature of certain loads, of supplying machinery, if alternate sources of
simultaneously at least the following services for the power not available for such devices;
periods specified hereinafter, if they depend upon an iii) emergency fire pump;
electrical source for their operation: iv) the automatic sprinkler pump and
drencher pump, if fitted;
a) for a period of 12 hours, emergency lighting: v) the emergency bilge pump and all the
equipment essential for the operation
i) at the stowage positions of life saving of electrically powered remote
appliances; controlled bilge valves;
ii) at all escape routes, such as alleyways, vi) the VHF radio installation required by
stairways, exits from accommodation SOALS 1974, as amended, Chapter IV,
and service spaces, embarkation points, Regulation 7.1.1 and 7.1.2; and, if
etc.; applicable;
iii) in the passenger compartments;
iv) in the machinery spaces and main .1 the MF radio installation required by
emergency generating spaces including SOLAS 74, as amended, chapter IV
their control positions; regulations 9.1.1, 9.1.2, 10.1.2 and
v) in control stations; 10.1.3;
vi) at the stowage positions for firemen’s
outfits; and .2 the ship earth station required by
vii) at the steering gear. SOLAS 74, as amended, chapter IV,
regulations 10.1.2, 10.2.2 and 11.1;
b) for a period of 12 hours:
e) for a period of 10 min:
i) the navigation lights and other lights
required by International Regulations i) power drives for directional control devices
for Preventing Collisions at Sea in including those required to direct thrust
force; forward and astern, unless there is a manual
ii) electrical internal communication alternative complying with Part 4, Chapter
equipment for announcements for 6 of ‘Rules and Regulations for the
passengers and crew required during Construction and Classification of Steel
evacuation; Ships’; and
iii) fire detection and general alarm system
and manual alarms; and f) for a period of half an hour;
iv) remote control devices of fire-
extinguishing system, if electrical. i) any watertight doors which are required to
be power operated together with their
c) for a period of 4 hours on intermittent operation: indicators and warning signals.

i) daylight signalling lamps if they have g) Where applicable, the services required by
no independent supply from their own 2.4.2.
accumulator battery; and

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3.2.6 The emergency source of electrical power may a) For half an hour;
be either a generator or an accumulator battery,
which is to comply with the following: i) The lighting required by 3.2.5(a), (b) and
(c);
a) Where the emergency source of electrical power ii) All services required by 3.2.5(d) unless
is a generator it is to be: such services have an independent supply
for the period specified from an
i) Driven by a suitable prime mover with an accumulator battery suitably located for use
independent supply of fuel having a in an emergency;
flashpoint (closed cut test) of not less than
43oC; b) With respect to watertight doors;
ii) Started automatically upon failure of the
electrical supply from the main source of i) Power to operate the watertight doors but
electrical power and is to be automatically not necessarily simultaneously, unless an
connected to the emergency switchboard; independent temporary source of stored
those services referred to in 3.2.5 are then energy is provided. The power source
to be transferred automatically to the should have sufficient capacity to operate
emergency generating set. The automatic each door at least three times i.e. closed-
starting system and the characteristics of open-closed, against an adverse list of 15o;
the prime mover are to be such as to permit ii) Power to the control, indication and alarm
the emergency generator to carry its full circuits for the watertight doors for half an
rated load as quickly as is safe and hour.
practicable, subject to a maximum of 45
seconds; and Alternatively the above services may have
iii) Provided with a transitional source of individual supplies for the period specified from
emergency electrical power according to accumulator batteries suitably located for use in an
3.2.7. emergency.

b) Where the emergency source of electrical power 3.2.8 The emergency switchboard is to be installed
is an accumulator battery, it is to be capable of: as near as is practicable to the emergency source of
electrical power.
i) Carrying the emergency electrical load
without recharging while maintaining the 3.2.9 Where the emergency source of electrical
voltage of the battery throughout the power is a generator, the emergency switchboard is
discharge period within 12 per cent above to be located in the same space unless the operation
or below its nominal voltage; of the emergency switchboard would thereby be
ii) Automatically connecting to the emergency impaired.
switchboard in the event of failure of the
main source of electrical power; and 3.2.10 No accumulator battery except for engine
iii) Immediately supplying at least those starting, fitted in accordance with this section is to
services specified in 3.2.7. be installed in the same space as the emergency
switchboard. An indicator is to be mounted in a
3.2.7 The transitional source of emergency electrical suitable place on the main switchboard or in the
power required by 3.2.6 may consist of an machinery control room to indicate when the
accumulator battery suitably located for use in an batteries constituting either the emergency source of
emergency which is to operate without recharging electrical power or the transitional source of
while maintaining the voltage of the battery emergency electrical power are being discharged
throughout the discharge period within 12 percent and provision is to be made to charge them in situ
above or below its nominal voltage and be of from a reliable onboard supply.
sufficient capacity and so arranged as to supply
automatically in the event of failure of either the 3.2.11 The emergency switchboard is to be supplied
main or emergency source of electrical power at during normal operation from the main switchboard
least the following services, if they depend upon an by an inter-connector feeder which is to be
electrical source for their operation: adequately protected at the main switchboard against
overload and short circuit and which is to be

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disconnected automatically at the emergency 3.3 Emergency source of electrical power in cargo
switchboard upon failure of the main source of craft
electrical power. Where the system is arranged for
feedback operation, the inter-connector feeder is also 3.3.1 A self-contained emergency source of
to be protected at the emergency switchboard at least electrical power is to be provided.
against short circuit.
3.3.2 The emergency source of electrical power,
3.2.12 In order to ensure ready availability of the associated transforming equipment, if any,
emergency source of electrical power, arrangements transitional source of emergency power, emergency
are to be made where necessary to disconnect switchboard and emergency lighting switchboard are
automatically non-emergency circuits from the to be located above the waterline in the final
emergency switchboard to ensure that power will be condition of damage, be operable in that condition
available to the emergency circuits. and be readily accessible from the open deck. They
are not to be located forward of the collision
3.2.13 Provision is to be made for the periodic bulkhead, if fitted.
testing of the complete emergency system and is to
include the testing of automatic starting 3.3.3 The location of the emergency source of
arrangements. electrical power and associated transforming
equipment, if any, the transitional source of
3.2.14 In addition to the emergency lighting required emergency power, the emergency switchboard and
by 3.2.5(a) passenger craft with roll on-roll off cargo the emergency lighting switchboard in relation to the
spaces or special category spaces, are to be provided main source of electrical power, associated
with the following: transforming equipment, if any, and the main
switchboard is to be such as to ensure that a fire or
a) In all passenger public spaces and alleyways other casualty in spaces containing the main source
supplementary electric lighting that can operate of electrical power, associated transforming
for at least three hours when all other sources of equipment, if any, and the main switchboard or in
electric power have failed and under any any machinery space will not interfere with the
condition of heel. The illumination provided is supply, control and distribution of emergency
to be such that the approach to the means of electrical power. The space containing the
escape can be readily seen. The source of power emergency source of electrical power, associated
for the supplementary lighting is to consist of transforming equipment, if any, the transitional
accumulator batteries within the lighting units source of emergency electrical power and the
that are continuously charged where practicable, emergency switchboard is not to be contiguous to
from the emergency switchboard. Consideration the boundaries of machinery spaces and those spaces
would be given to other means of lighting containing the main source of electrical power,
which is at least as effective. The supplementary associated transforming equipment, if any, or the
lighting is to be such that any failure of the lamp main switchboard.
will be immediately apparent. Any accumulator
battery provided is to be replaced at intervals 3.3.4 Provided that suitable measures are taken for
having regard to the specified service life in the safeguarding independent emergency operation
ambient conditions that they are subject to in under all circumstances, the emergency generator
service. may be used exceptionally, and for short periods, to
supply non-emergency circuits. Failure of the
b) A portable rechargeable battery operated lamp emergency switchboard when being used in other
is to be provided in every crew space alleyway, than an emergency is not to put at risk the operation
recreational space and every working space of the craft.
which is normally occupied unless
supplementary emergency lighting, as required 3.3.5 The electrical power available is to be
by (a) is provided. sufficient to supply all those services that are
essential for safety in an emergency, due regard
being paid to such services as may have to be
operated simultaneously. The emergency source of
electrical power is to be capable, having regard to
starting currents and the transitory nature of certain

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loads, of supplying simultaneously at least the iv) the automatic sprinkler pump and drencher
following services for the periods specified pump, if fitted;
hereinafter, if they depend upon an electrical source v) the emergency bilge pump and all the
for their operation: equipment essential for the operation of
electrically powered remote controlled
a) for a period of 12 hours, emergency lighting: bilge valves;
vi) the VHF radio installation required by
i) at the stowage positions of life saving SOLAS 1974, as amended, chapter IV,
appliances, regulation 7.1.1 and 7.1.2; and, if
ii) at all escape routes, such as alleyways, applicable;
stairways, exits from accommodation and
service spaces, embarkation points, etc.; .1 the MF radio installation required by
iii) in the public spaces, if any; SOLAS 74, as amended, chapter IV
iv) in the machinery spaces, and main regulations 9.1.1, 9.1.2, 10.1.2 and 10.1.3;
emergency generating spaces including
their control positions; .2 the ship earth station required by SOLAS
v) in control stations; 74, as amended, chapter IV, regulations
vi) at the stowage positions for firemen’s 10.1.1 and;
outfits; and
vii) at the steering gear. .3 the MF/HF radio installation required by
SOLAS 1974, as amended, Chapter IV,
b) for a period of 12 hours: regulations 10.2.1, 10.2.2 and 11.1.

i) the navigation lights and other lights e) for a period of 10 min:

required by International Regulations for
Preventing Collisions at Sea in force; • power drives for directional control devices
ii) electrical internal communication including those required to direct thrust
equipment for announcements for forward and astern, unless there is a manual
passengers and crew required during alternative complying with Part 4, Chapter
evacuation; 6 of ‘Rules and Regulations for the
iii) fire detection and general alarm system and Construction and Classification of Steel
manual alarms; and Ships’; and
iv) remote control deices of fire-extinguishing
system, if electrical; f) Where applicable, the services required by
2.4.2.
c) for a period of 4 hours on intermittent operation:
3.3.6 The emergency source of electrical power may
i) the daylight signaling lamps, if they have be either a generator or an accumulator battery,
no independent supply from their own which is to comply with the following:
accumulator battery and
ii) the craft’s whistle or siren, if electrically a) Where the emergency source of electrical power
driven; is a generator it is to be:

d) for a period of 12 hours: i) Driven by a suitable prime mover with an

independent supply of fuel having a
i) the navigational equipment as required by flashpoint (closed cut test) of not less than
statutory regulations; where such provision 43oC;
is unreasonable or impractical this ii) Started automatically upon failure of the
requirement may be waived for craft of less main source of electrical power supply
than 5000 tons gross tonnage; unless transitional source of emergency
ii) essential electrically powered instruments electrical power in accordance with 3.3.7 is
and control for propulsion machinery, if provided; where the emergency generator is
alternate sources of power not available for automatically started, it is to be
such devices; automatically connected to the emergency
iii) emergency fire pump; switchboard; those services referred to in

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3.3.7 are to be connected automatically to c) With respect to watertight doors;

the emergency generator; and
iii) Provided with a transitional source of i) Power to operate the watertight doors but
emergency electrical power as specified in not necessarily simultaneously, unless an
3.3.7 unless an emergency generator is independent temporary source of stored
provided capable both of supplying the energy is provided. The power source
services mentioned in that paragraph and of should have sufficient capacity to operate
being automatically started and supplying each door at lest three times i.e. closed-
the required load as quickly as is safe and open-closed, against an adverse list of 15o;
practicable subject to a maximum of 45 ii) Power to the control, indication and alarm
seconds. circuits for the watertight doors for half an
hour.
b) Where the emergency source of electrical power
is an accumulator battery, it is to be capable of: 3.3.8 The emergency switchboard is to be installed
as near as is practicable to the emergency source of
i) Carrying the emergency electrical load electrical power.
without recharging while maintaining the
voltage of the battery throughout the 3.3.9 Where the emergency source of electrical
discharge period within 12 per cent above power is a generator, the emergency switchboard is
or below its nominal voltage; to be located in the same space unless the operation
ii) Automatically connecting to the emergency of the emergency switchboard would thereby be
switchboard in the event of failure of the impaired.
main source of electrical power; and
iii) Immediately supplying at least those 3.3.10 No accumulator battery except for engine
services specified in 3.3.7. starting, fitted in accordance with this section is to
be installed in the same space as the emergency
3.3.7 The transitional source of emergency electrical switchboard. An indicator is to be mounted in a
power required by 3.3.6 may consist of an suitable place on the main switchboard or in the
accumulator battery suitably located for use in an machinery control room to indicate when the
emergency which is to operate without recharging batteries constituting either the emergency source of
while maintaining the voltage of the battery electrical power or the transitional source of
throughout the discharge period within 12 percent emergency electrical power are being discharged
above or below its nominal voltage and be of and provision is to be made to charge them in situ
sufficient capacity and so arranged as to supply from a reliable onboard supply.
automatically in the event of failure of either the
main or emergency source of electrical power at 3.3.11 The emergency switchboard is to be supplied
least the following services, if they depend upon an during normal operation from the main switchboard
electrical source for their operation: by an inter-connector feeder which is to be
adequately protected at the main switchboard against
a) The lighting required by 3.3.5 (a) and (b) (i). overload and short circuit and which is to be
For this transitional phase, the required disconnected automatically at the emergency
emergency electric lighting in respect of the switchboard upon failure of the main source of
machinery space and accommodation and electrical power. Where the system is arranged for
service spaces may be provided by permanently feedback operation, the inter-connector feeder is also
fixed, individual, automatically charged, relay to be protected at the emergency switchboard at least
operated accumulator lamps, and against short circuit.

b) All services required by 3.3.5(b)(ii), (iii) and 3.3.12 In order to ensure ready availability of the
(iv) and (c) unless such services have an emergency source of electrical power, arrangements
independent supply for the period specified are to be made where necessary to disconnect
from an accumulator battery suitably located for automatically non-emergency circuits from the
use in an emergency; emergency switchboard to ensure that power will be
available to the emergency circuits.

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3.3.13 Provision is to be made for the periodic cartridges, where they can be demonstrated as being
testing of the complete emergency system and is to effective.
include the testing of automatic starting
arrangements. 3.4.5 When manual starting is not practicable, the
requirements of 3.4.2 and 3.4.3 are to be complied
3.4 Starting arrangements for emergency with except that starting may be manually initiated.
generating sets
3.5 Prime mover governor
3.4.1 Emergency generating sets should be capable
of being readily started in their cold condition at a 3.5.1 Where the emergency source of power is a
temperature of 0oC. If this is impracticable, or if generator, the governor is to comply with Section
lower temperatures are likely to be encountered, 2.5.
provisions should be made for heating arrangements
to ensure ready starting of the generating sets. 3.6 Radio installation

3.4.2 Each emergency generating set should be 3.6.1 Every radio installation as required by SOLAS
equipped with starting devices with a stored energy 1974 as amended Ch.IV Part C is to be provided
capability of at least three consecutive starts. The with reliable, permanently arranged electrical
source of stored energy should be protected to lighting, independent of the main and emergency
preclude critical depletion by the automatic starting sources of electrical power, for the adequate
system, unless a second independent means of illumination of the radio controls for operating the
starting is provided. A second source of energy radio installation.
should be provided for an additional three starts
within 30 min, unless manual starting can be 3.6.2 A reserve source or sources of energy is to be
demonstrated to be effective. provided on every craft for the purpose of
conducting distress and safety radio-
3.4.3 The stored energy should be maintained at all communications, in the event of failure of the crafts
times, as follows: main and emergency sources of electrical power.
The reserve source or sources of energy is to be
a) electrical and hydraulic starting systems should capable of simultaneously operating the VHF radio
be maintained from the emergency switchboard; installation and, as appropriate for the sea or sea area
for which the craft is equipped, either the MF radio
b) compressed air starting systems may be installation, the MF/HF radio installation, or the
maintained by the main or auxiliary compressed INMARSAT ‘ship to earth’ station and any of the
air receivers through a suitable non-return valve additional loads mentioned in 3.6.4, 3.6.5 and 3.6.7
or by an emergency air compressor which, if for a period of at least one hour.
electrically driven, is supplied from the
emergency switchboard; The reserve source of energy need not supply
independent HF and MF radio installation at the
c) all of these starting, charging and energy-storing same time.
devices should be located in the emergency
generator space. These devices should not be 3.6.3 The reserve source or sources of energy is to
used for any purpose other than the operation of be independent of the propelling power of the craft
the emergency generating set. This does not and the craft’s electrical system.
preclude the supply to the air receiver of the
emergency generating set from the main or 3.6.4 Where, in addition to the VHF radio
auxiliary compressed air system through the installation, two or more of the other radio
non-return valve fitted in the emergency installations, referred to in 3.6.2, can be connected to
generator space. the reserve source or sources of energy, they are to
be capable of simultaneously supplying, for the
3.4.4 Where automatic starting is not required, period specified by 3.6.2, the VHF radio installation
manual starting is permissible, such as manual and:
cranking, inertia starters, manually charged
hydraulic accumulators, or powder charge

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a) All other radio installations which can be means of automatically charging the batteries is to
connected to the reserve source or sources of be provided which is to be capable of recharging
energy at the same time; or them to minimum capacity requirements within 10
b) Whichever of the other radio installations will hours.
consume the most power, if only one of the
other radio installations can be connected to the 3.6.7 If an uninterrupted input of information from
reserve source or sources of energy at the same the craft’s navigational or other equipment to a radio
time as the VHF radio installation. installation is needed to ensure its proper
performance, means are to be provided to ensure the
3.6.5 The reserve source or sources of energy may continuous supply of such information in the event
be used to supply the electrical lighting required by of failure of the craft’s main or emergency source of
3.6.1. electrical power.

3.6.6 Where a reserve source of energy consists of a

rechargeable accumulator battery or batteries a

Section 4

External Source of Electrical Power

4.1 Temporary external supply (shore supply) 4.1.3 The external connection is to be provided with
an indicator at the main switchboard in order to
4.1.1 Where arrangements are provided for the show when the cable is energized.
supply of electric power from a source on shore or
elsewhere, a connection box is to be installed in an 4.1.4 Means are to be provided for checking the
easily accessible location in a manner suitable for polarity (for direct current) or the phase sequence
the convenient reception of flexible cables from the (for three-phase alternating current) of the incoming
external source. This box should contain a circuit- supply. This device should be connected between
breaker or isolating switch and fuses and terminals the incoming connectors and the interrupting device
of ample size and suitable shape to facilitate a in the connection box.
satisfactory connection. The mechanical stress of the
portable cable is to be conveyed directly to the 4.1.5 A notice is to be provided at the connection
metallic framework and not to electrical connectors. box giving complete information on the system of
Suitable cables, permanently fixed, are to be supply and the normal voltage (and frequency for
provided, connecting the circuit breaker/isolating alternating current) of the ship's installed system.
switch in the connection box to a linked switch Full details of the procedure for effecting the
and/or circuit breaker at the main switchboard. connection are to be given on this notice.

4.1.2 For alternating current systems an earthed 4.1.6 Alternate arrangements for providing a
terminal is to be provided for the reception of three- temporary external supply will be specially
phase external supplies with earthed neutrals. considered.

Section 5

Supply and Distribution

5.1 Systems of supply and distribution c) a.c., three-phase, three-wire neutral insulated
d) three-phase, four-wire with neutral solidly
5.1.1 The following systems of generation and earthed but without hull return.
distribution are acceptable:
5.1.2 System voltages for both alternating current
a) d.c., two-wire; and direct current in general are not to exceed:
b) a.c., single-phase, two-wire;

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500 V for power, cooking and heating equipment independent section of the main switchboard either
permanently connected to fixed wiring; directly or through a transformer.
250 V for lighting, heaters in cabins and public
rooms, and other applications not mentioned above; 5.2 Essential services
Voltage exceeding these will be the subject to
special consideration. 5.2.1 Essential services that are required to be
duplicated are to be served by individual circuits,
5.1.3 The arrangement of the main system of supply separated in their switchboard or section board and
is to be such that a fire or other casualty in any space throughout their length as widely as is practicable
containing the main source of electrical power, without the use of common feeders, protective
associated converting equipment, if any, the main devices, control circuits or control gear assemblies
switchboard or the main lighting switchboard will so that any single fault will not cause the loss of
not render inoperable any emergency service, other both services.
than those located within the space where fire or
casualty has occurred. 5.2.2 Where 5.2.1 is applicable the main busbars of
switchboard or section board, are to be capable of
5.1.4 The main switch board is to be so placed being split, by removable links or other means, into
relative to the main source of power that, as far as is at least two independent sections, each supplied by
practicable, the integrity of the main system of at least one generator, either directly or through a
supply will be affected only by a fire or other converter the essential services are to be equally
casualty in one space. divided, as far as practicable between the
independent sections.
5.1.5 The arrangement of the emergency system of
supply is to be such that a fire or other casualty in 5.2.3 Where the loss of the electrical supply to a
spaces containing the emergency source of electrical particular essential service, which is not duplicated,
power, associated converting equipment, if any, the would cause serious risk to the craft, it is to be fed
emergency switchboard and the emergency lighting by two independent supplies complying with 5.2.1.
switchboard, will not cause loss of services required Such circuits are to be provided with short circuit
to maintain the propulsion and safety of crafts. protection and an overload and phase-failure alarm.
Failure of either supply is not to cause risk to the
5.1.6 Distribution systems required in an emergency craft during switching to the alternative supply.
are to be so arranged that a fire in any main vertical
zone will not interfere with the emergency 5.3 Isolation and switching
distribution in any other such zone.
5.3.1 The incoming and outgoing circuits from every
5.1.7 Feeders from the main and the emergency switchboard or section board are to be provided with
sources of electrical power are to be separated both a means of isolation and switching to permit each
vertically and horizontally as widely as is circuit to be switched off:
practicable.
a) on load;
5.1.8 For Category (A) or Category (B) craft or b) for mechanical maintenance;
cargo craft of 500 tons gross tonnage and over, and c) in an emergency to prevent or remove danger.
in any case where the total installed electrical power
of the main generating sets is in excess of 3 MW or Precautions are to be taken to minimise the risk of
is supplied at high voltage, arrangements are to be inadvertent or accidental switching.
made so that it is possible to split the switchboard,
by removable links or other means, into at least two 5.3.2 Isolation and switching is to be by means of a
independent sections, each supplied by at least one circuit breaker or switch arranged to open
generator. simultaneously all insulated poles. Where a switch is
used as the means of isolation and switching, it is to
5.1.9 Where 5.1.8 is applicable and the essential be capable of:
services which are duplicated are supplied from a
section-board, arrangements are to be made so that it a) switching off the circuit on load;
is possible to split the section-board into at least two
independent sections each supplied by an

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b) withstanding, without damage, the over-currents isolating link to be used only when the other
which may arise during overloads and short conductors are isolated.
circuit.
5.5.2 Generator neutrals may be connected in
5.3.3 Provision is to be made, in accordance with common, provided that the third harmonic content of
one of the following, to prevent any circuit being the voltage waveform of each generator does not
inadvertently energized: exceed five percent.

a) the circuit breaker or switch can be withdrawn, 5.5.3 Where a switchboard is split into sections
or locked in the open position; operated independently or where there are separate
b) the operating handle of the circuit breaker or switchboards, neutral earthing is to be provided for
switch can be removed; each section or for each switchboard. Means are to
c) the circuit fuses, where fitted, can be readily be provided to ensure that the earth connection is not
removed and retained by authorized personnel. removed when generators are isolated.

5.3.4 Where a section board, distribution board or 5.5.4 A means of isolation is to be fitted in the
item of equipment can be supplied by more than one earthing connection of each generator so those
circuit, a switching device is to be provided to generators can be completely isolated for
permit each incoming circuit to be isolated and the maintenance.
supply transferred to the alternative circuit.
5.5.5 All earthing impedances are to be connected to
5.3.5 The switching device required by 5.3.4 is to be a common earth connection/bar, in order to
situated within or adjacent to the section board, eliminate possible interference with radio, radar and
distribution board or item of equipment and capable communication circuits, earthing impedances are to
of opening and closing all insulated poles. Where be connected together on the earth side of the
necessary, interlocking arrangements are to be impedances and with single connection to earth. On
provided to prevent circuits being inadvertently craft with metallic hulls, the common earth
energized. connection is to be the hull.

5.3.6 A notice is to be fixed to any section board, 5.6 Diversity factor

distribution board or item of equipment to which
5.3.4 applies warning personnel before gaining 5.6.1 Circuits supplying two or more final sub-
access to live parts of the need to open the circuits are to be rated in accordance with the total
appropriate circuit breakers or switches, unless an connected load subject, where justified, to the
interlocking arrangement is provided so that all application of a diversity factor. Where spare ways
circuits concerned are isolated before access is are provided on a section or distribution board, an
gained. allowance for future increase of load is to be added
to the total connection load before application of any
5.4 Insulated distribution systems diversity factor.

5.4.1 A device(s) is to be installed for every 5.6.2 A diversity factor may be applied to the
insulated distribution system, whether primary or calculation for size of cable and rating of switchgear
secondary, for power, heating and lighting circuits, and fusegear, taking into account the duty cycle of
to continuously monitor the insulation level to earth the connected loads and the frequency and duration
and to operate an alarm in the event of an of any motor starting loads.
abnormally low level of insulation.
5.6.3 The calculations of diversity factor is to be
5.5 Earthed distribution systems submitted along with all relevant data.

5.5.1 No fuse, non-linked switch or non-linked 5.7 Lighting circuits

circuit-breaker is to be inserted in an earthed
conductor. Any switch or circuit-breaker fitted is to 5.7.1 Lighting circuits are to be supplied by final
operate simultaneously in the earthed conductor and sub-circuits, which are separate from those for
the insulated conductors. These requirements do not heating and power. This provision need not be
preclude the provision (for test purposes) of an applied to cabin fans and small wardrobe heaters.

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5.7.7 Lighting for enclosed hazardous spaces is to be

5.7.2 A final sub-circuit of rating exceeding 15 supplied from at least two final sub-circuits to
amperes is not to supply more than one point. permit light from one circuit to be retained while
maintenance is carried out on the other.
5.7.3 A final sub-circuit of rating 15 amperes or less
is not to supply more than the following number of 5.7.8 Emergency lighting is to be fitted in
lighting points:- accordance with Section 3. (See also Section 16).

10 for 24 - 55 V circuits 5.8 Motor circuits

14 for 110 - 127 V circuits 5.8.1 A separate final sub-circuit is to be provided

for every motor for essential services (See 1.5.1).
18 for 220 - 250 V circuits
5.9 Motor control
5.7.4 This provision is not applicable to final sub-
circuits for cornice lighting, panel lighting and 5.9.1 Every electric motor is to be provided with
electric signs where lamp-holders are closely efficient means for starting and stopping so placed
grouped; in such cases, the number of points is as to be easily operated by the person controlling the
unrestricted provided the maximum operating motor. Every motor above 0.5 kW is to be provided
current in the sub-circuit does not exceed 10 with control apparatus as given in 5.9.2 to 5.9.4.
amperes.
5.9.2 Means to prevent undesired restarting, after a
5.7.5 Lighting for machinery spaces, control stoppage due to low volts or complete loss of volts,
stations, work spaces, public spaces, corridors and are to be provided. This does not apply to motors
stairways leading to boat decks should be supplied where a dangerous condition might result from the
from at least two final sub-circuits in such a way that failure to restart automatically, e.g. steering gear
failure of any one of the circuits does not leave the motor.
spaces in darkness.
5.9.3 Means for automatic disconnection of the
5.7.6 Lighting of unattended spaces, is to be supply in the event of excess current due to
controlled by multi-pole linked switches located mechanical overloading of the motor are to be
outside such spaces. Provision is to be made for the provided. See also 6.8.
complete isolation of these circuits and locking in
the "OFF" position of the means of control. 5.9.4 Motor control gear is to be suitable for the
starting current and for the full load rated current of
the motor.

Section 6

System Design - Protection

6.1 General devices, the supply to circuits not directly

affected by the fault.
6.1.1 All installations are to be protected against
accidental over-currents including short circuits. The 6.2 Protection against overload
choice, location and characteristics of the protective
device are to provide complete and coordinated 6.2.1 Protection against overloads may be provided
protection to ensure: by circuit-breakers, automatic switches or fuses. The
tripping characteristics of these devices are to be
a) Elimination of the fault to reduce damage to the appropriate to the system, ensuring the protection of
system and hazard of fire. cablings and electrical machinery against
overheating resulting from mechanical or electrical
b) Continuity of service so as to maintain, through overload.
the discriminative action of the protective

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6.2.2 Fuse of a type intended for short circuit 6.4 Combined circuit-breakers and fuses
protection only (e.g. fuse links complying with IEC
269-1 of type ‘a’) are not to be used for overload 6.4.1 The use of a circuit-breaker of breaking
protection. capacity less than the prospective short-circuit
current at the point of installation is permitted,
6.3 Protection against short-circuit provided that it is preceded on the generator side by
fuses, or by a circuit-breaker having at least the
6.3.1 Protection against short-circuit currents is to be necessary breaking capacity. The generator breakers
provided by circuit-breakers or fuses. are not to be used for this purpose.

6.3.2 The breaking capacity of every protective 6.4.2 Fused circuit-breakers with fuses connected to
device is to be not less than the maximum value of the load side may be used where operation of the
the short-circuit current which can flow at the point circuit-breaker and fuses is co-ordinated.
of installation at the instant of contact separation.
6.4.3 The characteristics of the arrangement are to
6.3.3 The making capacity of every circuit-breaker be such that:
or switch intended to be capable of being closed, if
necessary, on short circuit, is to be not less than the a) When the short-circuit current is broken, the
maximum value of the short-circuit current at the circuit-breaker on the load side is not to be
point of installation. On alternating current this damaged and is to be capable of further service,
maximum value corresponds to the peak value b) When the circuit-breaker is closed on the short-
allowing for maximum asymmetry. circuit current, the remainder of the installation
is not to be damaged. However, it is admissible
6.3.4 Every protective device or contactor not that the circuit-breaker on the load side may
intended for short circuit interruption is to be require servicing after the fault has been
adequate for the maximum short-circuit current cleared.
which can occur at the point of installation having
regard to the time required for the short circuit to be 6.5 Protection of circuits
removed.
6.5.1 Short circuit protection is to be provided in
6.3.5 In the absence of precise data of rotating each live pole of a direct current system and in each
machines the following short-circuit currents at the phase of an alternating current system.
machine terminals are to be assumed. The short
circuit current is to be the sum of short circuit 6.5.2 Protection against overloads is to be provided
currents of generators and that of motors; as follows:

a) Direct current systems a) Two-wire direct current or single-phase

alternating current system - at least one line or
i) Ten times full load current for generators phase,
normally connected (including spare);
b) Insulated three-phase alternating current system
ii) Six times full load current for motors - at least two phases,
simultaneously in service;
c) Earthed three-phase alternating current system -
b) Alternating current systems. all three phases.

i) Ten times full load current for generators 6.6 Protection of generators
normally connected (including spare) -
symmetrical RMS, 6.6.1 The protective gear required by 6.6.2 and 6.6.3
is to be provided as a minimum.
ii) Three times full load current for motors
simultaneously in service.

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6.6.2 Generators not arranged to run in parallel are the connected generating set(s) is/are not
to be provided with a circuit breaker arranged to overloaded:
open simultaneously, in the event of short circuit,
overload or under voltage, all insulated poles. In the a) non-essential circuits;
case of generators rated at less than 50 kW, a b) circuits feeding services for habitability see
multiple linked switch with a fuse, complying with 1.5.2;
5.3.2, in each insulated pole will be acceptable. c) in cargo ships, circuits for cargo refrigeration.

6.6.3 Generators arranged to operate in parallel are 6.8.2 If required, this load switching may be carried
to be provided with a circuit breaker arranged to out in one or more stages, in which case the non-
open simultaneously all insulated poles in the event essential circuits are to be included in the first group
of short circuit, overload or under voltage. This to be disconnected.
circuit breaker is to be provided with reverse power
protection with time delay, selected or set within the 6.8.3 An alarm is to be provided to indicate when
limits of two per cent to 15 per cent of full load to a such switching has taken place.
value fixed in accordance with the characteristics of
the prime mover. A fall of 50 per cent in the applied 6.8.4 Consideration is to be given to providing
voltage is not to render the reverse power means to inhibit automatically the starting of large
mechanism inoperative, although it may alter the motors, or the connection of other large loads, until
amount of reverse power required to open the sufficient generating capacity is available to supply
breakers. them.

6.6.4 The generator circuit breaker short circuit and

overload tripping arrangements, or fuse 6.8.5 When the electric generating plant is fitted
characteristics, are to be such that the machine’s with automatic or remote controls so that under
thermal withstand capability is not exceeded. normal operating conditions it does not require any
manual intervention by the operators, it is to be
6.6.5 Generator circuit breakers are normally to be provided with audible and visual alarms for:
provided with under voltage release.
Busbar voltage high or low;
6.7 Protection of essential services Busbar frequency low;
Operating of load switching;
6.7.1 Where generators are operated in parallel and Generator cooling air temperature high
essential services are electrically operated, (closed air circuit machines only).
arrangements are to be made to disconnect
automatically the excess non-essential load when the 6.9 Protection of feeder circuits
generators are overloaded.
6.9.1 Isolation and protection of each main
6.7.2 If required, this load shedding may be carried distribution circuit is to be ensured by a multi-pole
out in one or more stages according to the overload circuit-breaker, multi-pole fused circuit-breakers or
ability of the generating sets, taking into multi-pole switch and fuses. The provisions of 6.2,
consideration the relative importance of the loads 6.3 and 6.5 are to be complied with. The protective
being thus disconnected. devices are to allow excess current to pass during
the normal accelerating period of motors. Where
6.7.3 In cargo crafts, circuits for cargo refrigeration multi-pole switch and fuses are used, the fuses are
machinery are to be included in the last group of generally to be installed between the busbars and the
services to be disconnected. switch.

6.8 Load management 6.9.2 Circuits which supply motors fitted with
overload protection may be provided with short-
6.8.1 Arrangements are to be made to disconnect circuit protection only.
automatically, after an appropriate time delay,
circuits of the categories noted below, when the 6.9.3 Motors of rating exceeding 0.5 [kW] and all
generator(s) is/are overloaded; sufficient to ensure motors for essential services are to be protected
individually against overload and short-circuit. The

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short-circuit protection can be provided by the same supply to essential equipment such lamps are to be
protective device for the motor and its supply cable. individually protected.
For essential motors which are duplicated, the
overload protection may be replaced by an overload 6.12.3 Where capacitors for suppression of radio
alarm, if desired. interference are fitted to busbars, generators or
steering gear, fuses of appropriate size are to be
6.9.4 For motors for intermittent service the current connected in the capacitor circuit.
setting and the delay are to be chosen in relation to
the load factor of the motor. 6.13 Protection of batteries

6.9.5 Where fuses are used to protect polyphase 6.13.1 Accumulator batteries other than engine
motor circuits, means are to be provided to protect starting batteries are to be protected against short
the motor against unacceptable overloads in the case circuit by devices, in each insulated pole, placed at a
of single phasing. position adjacent to the battery compartment.

6.10 Protection of power transformers 6.14 Protection of communication circuits

6.10.1 The primary circuits of power transformers 6.14.1 Communication circuits other than those
are to be protected against short-circuit by circuit- supplied from primary batteries are to be protected
breakers or fuses. The rating of fuses or the setting against overload and short-circuit.
for overcurrent releases of circuit breakers is not to
exceed 125 per cent of rated primary current. 6.15 Protection against earth faults

6.10.2 Where a transformer may be energized from 6.15.1 Every distribution system that has an
its secondary side, there is to be a means of intentional connection to earth, by way of an
automatic isolation so that primary windings cannot impedance, is to be provided with a means to
inadvertently be energized when disconnected from continuously monitor and indicate the current
their source of supply. flowing in the earth connection.

6.11 Protection of lighting circuits 6.15.2 If the current in the earth connection exceeds
5A there is to be an alarm and the fault current is to
6.11.1 Lighting circuits are to be provided with be automatically interrupted or limited to a safe
overload and short-circuit protection. value.

6.12 Protection of meters, pilot lamps, capacitors 6.15.3 The rated short circuit capacity of any device
and control circuits used for interrupting earth fault currents is to be not
less than the prospective earth fault current at its
6.12.1 Protection is to be provided for voltmeters, point of installation.
voltage coils of measuring instruments, earth
indicating devices and pilot lamps, together with 6.15.4 Insulated neutral systems with harmonic
their connecting leads by means of protective distortion of the voltage waveform, which may
devices fitted to each insulated pole or phase. result in earth fault currents exceeding the level
given in 6.15.2 because of capacitive effects, are to
6.12.2 A pilot lamp installed as an integral part of be provided with arrangements to isolate the faulty
another item of equipment need not be individually circuit(s).
protected, provided it is fitted in the same enclosure.
Where a fault in a pilot lamp would jeopardise the

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Section 7

Switch Gear and Control Gear Assemblies

7.1 Switchboards 7.1.2.2 All main and emergency switchboards are to

be guarded by hand rails either made of hardwood or
7.1.1 Location and installation insulated. Where access is provided behind a main
switchboard, the handrails on the rear are to be
7.1.1.1 Switchboards are to be installed in accessible horizontal, and so placed that one cannot
and well ventilated dry spaces free from flammable accidentally fall into the switchboard. Further,
gases and acid fumes. insulated mats or gratings are to be laid on the floor
of passage-ways in front of and to the rear of
7.1.1.2 Switchboards are to be secured to a solid switchboards. Instruments and handles or push
foundation and protected against shocks and damage buttons for switchgear are to be placed on the front
due to leaks and falling objects. They are to be self- of the switchboard (except for isolating switches, if
supported, or be braced to the bulkhead or the deck used). All other parts which require operation, are to
above. In case the latter method is used, the means be accessible and so placed that the risk of
of bracing is to allow normal deflections of the deck accidental touching of current carrying parts, or
without buckling the control cell or assembly accidental making of short-circuits and earthings, is
structure. reduced as far as practicable.

7.1.1.3 Pipes should not be installed directly above 7.1.2.3 Section boards (sub-switchboards) and
or in front of or behind switchboards. If such piping distribution boards are to be enclosed unless they are
is unavoidable, suitable protection is to be provided installed in a cupboard or compartment to which
in these positions. only authorised personnel have access, in which case
the cupboard may serve as an enclosure.
7.1.1.4 An adequate, unobstructed working space is
to be left in front of switchboards. At the rear, a 7.1.2.4 Framework, panels and doors of
clearance of at least 0.6 m is to be maintained except switchboards are generally to be of steel or
that this may be reduced to 0.5 m in way of aluminium alloy, and are to be of rigid construction.
stiffeners or frames. If switchboards are enclosed at
the rear and are fully serviceable from the front, 7.1.2.5 All parts of the main switchboard are to be
clearance at the rear will not be required unless accessible for maintenance work.
necessary for cooling.
7.1.2.6 Equipment for each generator and for
7.1.1.5 The main switchboard is to be so placed different distribution systems are to be placed in
relative to one main generating station that, as far as separate cubicles (panels) or are to be separated
practicable, the integrity of the normal electrical from each other by partitions clearly marked with
supply may be affected only by a fire or other the actual voltages.
casualty in one space. An environmental enclosure
for main switchboard, such as may be provided by a 7.1.2.7 Doors, behind which equipment requiring
machinery control room situated within the main operation is placed, are to be hinged. Arrangement is
boundaries of the space, is not to be considered as also to be provided to keep the hinged doors open.
separating the switchboards from the generators.
7.1.2.8 Cable entrances are generally to be from
7.1.2 Construction of switchboards below or from the side. Cable entries from the top
may be accepted provided watertight glands are
7.1.2.1 Switchboards are to have roof with degree of used.
protection IP 22 and are to be of dead front type.
7.2 Marking and labels
On systems with voltages above 500 V up to and
including 1000 V, front and rear dead type 7.2.1 The identification of individual circuits and
switchboards are to be used. their device is to be made on tables of durable
material. The ratings of fuses and setting of

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protective devices are also to be indicated. Section

board and distribution boards are to be marked with 7.5.2 The upper limit of the scale of every voltmeter
the rated voltage. is to be approximately 120 per cent of the normal
voltage of the circuit, and the normal voltage is to be
7.3 Busbars clearly indicated.

7.3.1 Busbars and their connections are to be of 7.5.3 The upper limit of the scale of every ammeter
copper, all connections being so made as to prevent is to be approximately 130 per cent of the normal
deterioration of the joint by corrosion or oxidation. rating of the circuit in which it is installed. Normal
full load is to be clearly indicated.
7.3.2 The sizes of busbars and their connections are
to be calculated to ensure that their mean 7.5.4 Ammeters for use with direct current
temperature rise does not exceed by more than 45oC generators, and wattmeters for use with alternating
from the ambient temperature, when running current generators, which may be operated in
continuously at the normal rating. parallel, are to be capable of indicating 15 per cent
reverse-current or reverse-power respectively.
7.3.3 Busbars, together with their connections and
supports, are to be capable of withstanding, without 7.5.5 The upper limit of the scale of every wattmeter
detrimental effect, the mechanical stresses which is to be approximately 130 per cent of the rated full
will arise during short-circuits. Further, provision is load of the circuit in which it is installed. Rated full
to be made to allow the busbars to expand without load is to be clearly indicated.
causing any abnormal stress on their supports.
7.5.6 Frequency meters are to be capable of
7.4 Instruments for alternating current indicating a variation in the frequency from minus 8
generators per cent to plus 8 per cent of the nominal frequency
of the installation.
7.4.1 For alternating current generators not arranged
to run in parallel, each generator is to be provided 7.5.7 Instruments are to have effective screening, for
with at least one voltmeter, one frequency meter, example, by metal enclosures, in order to diminish
and one ammeter with an ammeter switch to enable faulty readings caused by induction from adjacent
the current in each phase to be read or an ammeter in current-carrying parts.
each phase. Generators above 50 kVA are to be
provided with a wattmeter. 7.6 Instrument transformers

7.4.2 For alternating current generators arranged to 7.6.1 The secondary windings of instrument
run in parallel, each generator is to be provided with transformers are to be earthed.
a wattmeter, and an ammeter in each phase
conductor or an ammeter with a selector switch to 7.7 Circuit-breakers
enable measurement of current in each phase.
7.7.1 Circuit-breakers are to comply with IEC
7.4.3 For paralleling of the generators, two Publication 947-1 and 947-2, "Low Voltage
voltmeters, two frequency meters and a Distribution Switchgear" or an equivalent national
synchronising aid comprising either a synchroscope standard, amended where necessary for ambient
and lamps, or an equivalent arrangement, are to be temperature.
provided. One voltmeter and one frequency meter
are to be connected permanently to the busbars, the 7.7.2 Test reports, based on the requirements of IEC
other voltmeter and frequency meter are to be Publication 947-1 and 947-2 or an equivalent
provided with arrangements to enable the voltage national standard, are to be submitted for approval
and frequency of any generator to be measured. when required.

7.5 Instrument scales 7.7.3 A circuit breakers are to be of the trip free type
and where applicable, be fitted with auto pumping
7.5.1 Main switchboard instruments are to be of control.
accuracy class 1.5 and other switchboard
instruments are to be of accuracy class 2.5.

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7.8 Fuses 7.9.4 Switchboards, which are provided with two or

more supply circuits arranged for automatic standby
7.8.1 Fuses are to comply with IEC Publication 269 connection, are to be provided with positive means
"Low Voltage Fuse with High Breaking Capacity" to show the circuit feeding the switchboard. Such
or an equivalent national standard, amended where switchboards are to be provided with warning notice
necessary for ambient temperature. that all the supply circuits are to be disconnected
before maintenance work is undertaken.
7.8.2 A report, giving details of test performance,
fusing characteristics, temperature and insulation 7.10 Protection
tests and details of the specification to which the
fuse has been tested is to be submitted for 7.10.1 For details of the electrical protection
consideration when required. required of switch gear and control gear. See Section
6.
7.9 Distribution switchboards
7.11 Testing
7.9.1 Large distribution switchboards are to be
constructed in accordance with 7.1. 7.11.1 Switchgear and control gear assemblies with
supply voltage of 60 V and above are to be tested as
7.9.2 All parts which require operation in normal use follows:
are to be placed on the front or easily accessible
from behind front doors. - High voltage test with 1000 V plus twice the
rated voltage with a minimum of 2000 V. The
When such parts are placed behind front doors, the test voltage is to be supplied for 1 minute at any
interior front is to comply with enclosure type IP 20, frequency between 25 and 100 Hz.
except that fuses with accessible current-carrying
parts may be permitted, provided that the door is - Insulation resistance measuring.
lockable.
7.11.2 Switchgear and control gear assemblies with
7.9.3 Switchboards, supplied from different voltage supply voltage less than 60 V are to be tested in
supply circuits, are not to be placed in the same accordance with 7.11.1 except that the test voltage is
enclosure unless these are separated by partitions of to be 500 V.
flame retardant material.
7.11.3 Demonstration of the satisfactory operation of
protection circuits, control circuits and interlocks by
means of simulated functional tests.

Section 8

Rotating Machines
8.1 General requirements
8.1.4 The rotating parts are to be so balanced that
8.1.1 Rotating machines are to comply with the when running at any speed in the normal working
relevant part of IEC Publication IEC 92, or an range the vibration level does not exceed the levels
acceptable and relevant national standard, and the specified in IEC 34.
requirements of this Section.
8.1.5 The lubrication arrangement for bearings are to
8.1.2 For all the rotating machines, manufacturer's be effective under all operating conditions including
test certificate is to be provided (See also Sec.1.4). the maximum ship inclinations specified in Section
1.9 and there are to be effective means to ensure that
8.1.3 Shaft materials are to comply with the lubricant does not reach the machine windings or
applicable requirements of Part 2 of Rules and other conductors and insulators.
Regulations for the Construction and Classification
of Steel Ships.

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8.1.6 Steps are to be taken to prevent the ill effects automatic means of voltage regulation; voltage
of flow of currents circulating between the shaft and build-up is not to require an external source of
bearings. power. Provision is to be made to safeguard the
distribution system should there be a failure of the
8.1.7 Where welding is proposed to be applied to voltage regulating system resulting in high voltage.
shafts of machines for securing armature arms or
spiders, stress relieving is to be carried out after 8.4.2 The voltage regulation of any alternating
welding. The proposal is to be submitted for scrutiny current generator with its regulating equipment is to
and approval. be such that at all loads, from zero to full load at
rated power factor, the rated voltage is maintained
8.1.8 Alternating current machines are to be within 2.5 per cent under steady conditions. There is
constructed such that, under any operating to be provision at the voltage regulator to adjust the
conditions, they are capable of withstanding the generator no load voltage.
effects of sudden short circuit at their terminal
without damage. 8.4.3 Generators, and their excitation systems, when
operating at rated speed and voltage on no-load are
8.2 Rating to be capable of absorbing the suddenly switched,
balanced, current demand of the largest motor or
8.2.1 Generators including their exciters, and load at a power factor not greater than 0.4 with a
continuously rated motors are to be suitable for transient voltage dip which does not exceed 15 per
continuous duty at their full rated output at cent of rated voltage. The voltage is to recover to
maximum cooling air or water temperature for an rated voltage within a time not exceeding 1.5
unlimited period, without the limits of temperature seconds.
rise in 8.3 being exceeded. Other generators and
motors are to be rated in accordance with the duty 8.4.4 The transient voltage rise at the terminals of a
which they are to perform, and when tested under generator is not to exceed 20 per cent of rated
rated load conditions the temperature rise is not to voltage when rated KVA at a power factor not
exceed the values in 8.3. greater than 0.8 is thrown off.

8.3 Temperature rise 8.4.5 Generators and their voltage regulation system
are to be capable of maintaining without damage
8.3.1 The limits of temperature rise specified in under steady state short circuit conditions a current
Table 8.3.1 are based on a cooling air temperature of of at least three times the full load rated current for a
45C and a cooling water temperature of 30oC. duration of at least two seconds or where precise
data is available for the duration of any longer time
8.3.2 If the temperature of the cooling medium is delay which may be provided by a tripping device
known to exceed the value given in 8.3.1, the for discrimination purposes.
permissible temperature rise is to be reduced by an
amount equal to the excess temperature of the 8.4.6 Generators required to run in parallel are to be
cooling medium. These temperature rises are, if stable from no load [kW] up to the total combined
necessary to be reduced to satisfy the requirements full load [kW] of the group, and load sharing is to be
of flame-proof equipment. such that the load on any generator does not
normally differ from its proportionate share of the
8.3.3 If the temperature of the cooling medium is total load by more than 15 per cent of the rated
known to be permanently less than the value given output [kW] of the largest machine or 25 per cent of
in 8.3.1, the permissible temperature rise may be the rated output [kW] of the individual machine,
increased by an amount equal to the difference whichever is less.
between the declared temperature and that given in
8.3.1 upto a maximum of 15oC. 8.4.7 When generators are operated in parallel, the
kVA loads of the individual generating sets are not
8.4 Generator control to differ from the proportionate share of the total
kVA load by more than 5 per cent of the rated kVA
8.4.1 Each alternating current generator, unless of output of the largest machines.
the self-regulating type, is to be provided with

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Table 8.3.1 : Limits of temperature rise in oC

Method Temperature rise in oC
of Air-cooled machines Insulation Water-cooled machines
Item Part of machines measu- Class Insulation Class
rement
A E B A E B
of temp.
a.c. windings of turbine-type machines ETD or
1 (a) 50 60 70 70 80 90
having output of 5000 KVA or more R
a.c. windings of salient pole and of
induction machines having output of ETD or
(b) 50 60 70 70 80 90
5000 KVA or more, or having a core R
length of one metre or more
a.c. windings of machines smaller than R 50 65 70 70 85 90
2 (a)
in Item 1 T 40 55 60 60 75 80
Field windings of a.c. and d.c. R 50 65 70 70 85 90
(b) machines having d.c. excitation other
than those in Items 3 and 4 T 40 55 60 60 75 80
Windings of armatures having R 50 65 70 70 85 90
(c)
commutators T 40 55 60 60 75 80
Field windings of turbine-type
3 R - - 80 - - 100
machines having d.c. excitation
Low-resistance field windings of more
4 (a) than one layer and compensating T,R 50 65 70 70 85 90
windings
Single-layer windings with exposed
(b) T,R 55 70 80 75 90 100
bare surfaces
Permanently short-circuited insulated
5 T 50 65 70 70 85 90
windings
The temperature rise of these parts shall in no case reach such a value
Permanently short-circulated windings,
6 T that there is a risk of injury to any insulating or other material on
un-insulated
adjacent parts
The temperature rise of these parts shall in no case reach such a value
Iron core and other parts not in contact
7 - that there is a risk of injury to any insulating or other material on
with windings
adjacent parts
Iron core and other parts in contact with
8 T 50 65 70 70 85 90
windings
Commutators and slip-rings, open or
9 T 50 60 70 70 80 90
enclosed
Notes:
1 T = Thermometer method
R = Resistance method
ETD = Embedded temperature detector

2 When the commutators, sliprings or bearings of machines provided with water coolers are not in the enclosed air circuit cooled by the
water cooler, but are cooled by the ambient cooling air, the permissible temperature-rise above the ambient cooling air should be the same
as for ventilated machines.

3 When Class F or Class H insulation is employed, the permitted temperature rises are respectively 20oC and 40oC higher than the values
given for Class B insulation.

4 Classes of insulation are to be in accordance with IEC Publication 85 (1984). “Recommendations for the Classification of Material for the
Insulation of Electrical Machinery and Apparatus in relation to their thermal stability in service”.

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8.5 Overloads
a) For generators
8.5.1 Machines are generally to be capable of
withstanding, on test, without injury, the following - Temperature rise test at full load
overload conditions : - Overload test
- Overspeed test
a) Generators - an excess current of 50 per cent - High voltage test
for 15 seconds for D.C. machines and 2 minutes - Insulation resistance test
for A.C. machines, after attaining the - Measurement of winding resistance
temperature rise corresponding to rated load, the - Measurement of air gap (for generators
terminal voltage being maintained as near the above 100 [kW])
rated value as possible. This requirement does
not apply to the overload torque capacity of the Additionally for D.C. generators
prime mover.
- Measurement of voltage characteristics
b) Motors - At rated speed or in the case of a
range of speeds, at the highest and lowest Additionally for A.C. generators
speeds, under gradual increase of torque, the
voltage and frequency being maintained as near - Open circuit voltage characteristics
to their rated value as possible, the appropriate - Short circuit current characteristics
excess torque given below. Synchronous motors - Measurement of excitation current at rated
and synchronous induction motors are required current, voltage and power factor
to withstand the excess torque without falling - Short circuit test (if required)
out of synchronism and without adjustment of
the excitation current preset at the value b) For motors
corresponding to rated load.
- Temperature rise test at full load
d.c. motors 50 per cent for 15 - Overload test
seconds - Overspeed test
polyphase a.c. 50 per cent for 15 - High voltage test
synchronous motors seconds - Insulation resistance test
polyphase a.c. 35 per cent for 15 - Measurement of winding resistance
synchronous induction seconds - Measurement of air gap (for motors above
motors 100 [kW])
polyphase a.c. 60 per cent for 15 - Measurement of speed range, if variable
induction motors seconds speed.

8.6 Direct current machines Additionally for D.C. motors

8.6.1 The final running position of brushgear is to be - Measurement of speed/load characteristics

clearly and permanently marked.
Additionally for A.C. induction motors
8.6.2 Direct current machines are to work with fixed
brush setting from no load to the momentary - Measurement of no-load current at rated voltage
overload specified without injurious sparking. and frequency
- Measurement of applied voltage by locked
8.7 Inspection and testing rotor, at rated current and frequency (locked
rotor test)
8.7.1 On all machines intended for essential
services, the following tests are to be carried out and Additionally for A.C. synchronous motors
a certificate furnished by the Manufacturer (see also
Sec.1). Any other relevant tests required by - As per additional tests for a.c. generators.
applicable national/international standards are also
to be carried out.

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8.7.2 For machines of less than 100 [kW] rating, separately. The test is to be made with alternating
type tests of temperature rise, overload and over voltage at any convenient frequency between 25 and
speed will be acceptable. The date of the type tests 100 Hz of approximately sine wave form. The test is
and the serial number of the type tested machine are to be commenced at a voltage of not more than one
to be inserted in the manufacturer’s test certificate half of the full test voltage and is to be increased
for each machine of the same type. progressively to full value, the time allowed for the
increase of the voltage from half to full value being
8.7.3 For machines of 100 [kW] or more, tests of not less than 10 seconds. The full test voltage is then
temperature rise, overload and over speed will be to be maintained for one minute and then reduced to
acceptable when made on only one of several one half full value before switching off.
identical machines, manufactured and tested at the
same time for delivery. The date of these tests and 8.7.5 When additional high voltage tests are required
the serial number of the tested machine are to be on a machine which has already passed its tests or
inserted in the test certificate for the other machines. on machines after repair, the voltage of such further
tests is to be 75 per cent of the value given in 8.7.4.
8.7.4 The high voltage test is to be carried out at
1000 plus twice the rated voltage with a minimum of 8.7.6 An insulation resistance test is to be carried out
2000 volts on new machines, preferably at the immediately after the high voltage test. The
conclusion of the temperature rise test. The test is to insulation resistance of a new, clean dry machine,
be applied between the windings and the frame with immediately after the temperature rise test has been
the core connected to the frame and to any windings carried out is to be at least 1 MΩ.
or sections of windings not under test. Where both
ends of each phase are brought out to accessible
separate terminals, each phase is to be tested

Section 9

Converter Equipment

9.1 Transformers 9.1.6 Transformers are to be double wound except

those for motor starting.
9.1.1 The following requirements apply to
transformers of 5 kVA and above. 9.1.7 Windings of air cooled transformers are to be
treated to efficiently resist moisture, sea air and oil
9.1.2 Transformers are to comply with the vapours.
requirements of IEC Publication 76 or an acceptable
and relevant national standard amended where 9.1.8 Each transformer is to be provided with a
necessary for ambient temperature. nameplate of corrosion-resistant metal giving
information on make, type, serial number, insulation
9.1.3 Transformers may be of the dry type, class and any other technical data necessary for the
encapsulated or liquid filled type. application of the transformer.

9.1.4 Transformers are to be placed in easily 9.1.9 Liquid fillings for transformers are to be non-
accessible well ventilated spaces free from any toxic and of a type which does not readily support
gaseous or acid fumes. They are to be clear of non- combustion. Liquid filled transformers are to have a
protected ignitable materials, and so arranged as to pressure relief-device with an alarm and there is to
be protected against shocks and any damage be a suitable means provided to contain any liquid
resulting from water, oil, liquid fuel, steam etc. which may escape from the transformer.

9.1.5 The live parts of transformers are to be 9.1.10 When forced cooling is employed, whether
provided with means of protection against accidental air or liquid, there is to be monitoring of the cooling
contact. medium and transformer winding temperature with
an alarm should these exceed preset limits. There are

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to be arrangements so that the load may be reduced rewound or subject to extensive repair, the test
to a level commensurate with the cooling available. voltage may be limited to a value which is 75
per cent of that stated in (a).
9.1.11 All transformers are to be constructed to
withstand, without damage, the thermal and c) Induced high voltage test : To test between
mechanical effects of a short-circuit at the terminals turns, coils and terminals, an a.c. voltage is to
of any winding for 2 seconds with rated primary be applied between the above parts
voltage and frequency without damage. This may be corresponding to twice the voltage appearing
required to be verified by type test or random test. between these parts when rated voltage is
applied to the terminals. The duration of the test
9.1.12 The temperature rise of windings of is to be 1 minute for any test frequency up to
transformers above the ambient temperatures given and including twice the rated frequency.
in Part 4, Chapter 1 of the ‘Rules and Regulations
for the Construction and Classification of Steel d) Insulation resistance : The insulation
Ships’, when measured by resistance, during resistance of each winding in turn to all the
continuous operation at the maximum rating, is not other windings, core, frame and tank or casing
to exceed : connected together and to earth is to be
measured after the high voltage test and
a) For dry type transformers, air cooled recorded together with the temperature of the
transformer at the time of the test.
• 50oC for Class A;
e) Temperature rise : One transformer of each
• 60oC for Class E; size and type is to be given a temperature rise
test. For transformers of rating 100 KVA and
• 70oC for Class B; above, it will be accepted that the temperature
rise test is made on one of several identical
• 90oC for Class F; and transformers manufactured and tested at the
same time.
• 110oC for Class H.
9.1.14 When a transformer is connected to a supply
b) For liquid filled transformers system with harmonic distortion, the rating of the
transformer is to allow for the increased heating
• 50oC - where air provides cooling of the fluid; effect of the harmonic loading. Special attention is
to be given to transformers connected for the
purpose of reducing harmonic distortion.
• 65oC - where water provides cooling of the
fluid.
9.1.15 The following tests are to be carried out on all
transformers at the manufacturer’s works and a
9.1.13 The tests given hereunder are to be carried
out on all transformers at the manufacturer's works certificate of tests issued by the manufacturer:
and a certificate of tests issued by the manufacturer.
a) measurement of winding resistances, voltage
a) High voltage test : The test voltage is to be ratio, impedance voltage, short circuit
impedance, insulation resistance, load loss, no
applied, preferably after the temperature rise
load loss and current;
test, to each winding in turn, between the
winding under test and the remaining windings, b) dielectric tests;
c) temperature rise test on one transformer of each
core, frame and tank or casing connected
size and type.
together and to earth. The test is to be made
with 1 kV a.c. plus twice the highest voltage
between lines with a minimum of 2.5 KV at any 9.2 Semiconductor equipment
frequency between 25 and 100 Hz and
maintained for 1 minute without failure. 9.2.1 The requirements of 9.2.2 to 9.2.16 apply to
semiconductor equipment rated for 5 [kW] upwards.
b) When additional high voltage tests are carried
9.2.2 Semiconductor equipment is to comply with
out and for transformers that have been
the requirements of IEC 146 : Semiconductor

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converters, or an acceptable and relevant national in to the ships electrical system are restricted to a
standard amended where necessary for ambient level necessary to ensure that it causes no
temperature (see 1.8) malfunction of equipment connected to the electrical
installation.
9.2.3 Semiconductor static power converter
equipment is to be rated for the required duty having 9.2.12 Over-voltage spikes or oscillations caused by
regard to peak loads, system transients and over commutation or other phenomena, are not to result
voltage. in the supply voltage waveform deviating from the
superimposed equivalent sine wave by more than 10
9.2.4 Converter equipment may be air or liquid percent of the maximum value of the equivalent sine
cooled and is to be so arranged that it cannot remain wave.
loaded unless effective cooling is maintained.
Alternatively the load may be automatically reduced 9.2.13 When converter equipment is operated in
to a level commensurate with the cooling available. parallel, load sharing is to be such that under normal
operating conditions overloading of any unit does
9.2.5 Liquid cooled converter equipment is to be not occur and the combination of parallel equipment
provided with leakage alarms and there is to be a is stable throughout the operating range.
suitable means provided to contain any liquid which
may leak from the system. In order to ensure that it 9.2.14 When converter equipment has parallel
does not cause electric failure of the equipment. circuits there is to be provision to ensure that the
Where the semiconductors and other current load is disturbed uniformly between the parallel
carrying parts are in direct contact with the cooling paths.
liquid, the liquid is to be monitored for satisfactory
resistivity and alarm initiated at the relevant control 9.2.15 Transformers, reactors, capacitors and other
station should the resistivity be outside the agreed circuit devices associated with converter equipment
limits. or associated filters are to be suitable for the
distorted voltage and current waveforms to which
9.2.6 Where forced cooling is used there is to be they may be subjected and filter circuits are to be
temperature monitoring of the heated cooling provided with facilities to ensure that their
medium with an alarm and shutdown when the capacitors are discharged before the circuits are
temperature exceeds a preset value. energized.

9.2.7 Cooling fluids are to be non-toxic and of low 9.2.16 Tests at the manufacturer’s works are to
flammability. include:

9.2.8 Converter equipment is to be so arranged that - high voltage test for one minute applied
the semiconductor devices, fuses, control and firing between terminals and earthed parts at a
circuit boards may be readily removed from the frequency between 25 – 100 Hz. For system
equipment for repair or replacement. voltage upto 60 V the test voltage is to be 600
V; for system voltage between 60 – 90 V the
9.2.9 Test and monitoring facilities are to be test voltage is to be 900 V; for system voltage
provided to permit identification of control circuit over 90 V the test voltage is to be twice the
faults and faulty components. system voltage plus 1000 V;

9.2.10 Devices fitted for converter equipment - functional tests;

protection are to ensure that, under fault conditions,
the protective action of circuit breakers, fuses or - temperature rise test; and
control systems is such that there is no further
damage to the converter or the installation. - such other agreed tests as are necessary to
demonstrate the suitability of the equipment for
9.2.11 Converter equipment, including any its intended duty. Details of tests are to be
associated transformers, reactors, capacitors and submitted for consideration when required.
filters, if provided, is to be so arranged that the
harmonic distortion, and voltage spikes, introduced

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Section 10

Electrical Cables

10.1 General 10.2 Testing

10.1.1 The requirements of this Section are 10.2.1 Routine tests are to include at least
applicable to fixed cables on permanent
installations. For flexible cables, the requirements • measurement of electrical resistance of
apply only as far as applicable. conductors;

10.1.2 Electric cables for fixed wiring are to be • high voltage test;
designed, manufactured and tested in accordance
with the relevant IEC Publication stated in Table • insulation resistance measurement.
10.1.1 or an acceptable relevant standard.
Evidence of successful completion of routine tests is
10.1.3 The use of flexible cables on permanent to be provided by the manufacturer.
installations is to be limited to applications where
flexibility is necessary, and the lengths of such 10.2.2 Particular, special and type tests are to be
flexible cables are to be kept as short as practicable. made, when required, in accordance with the
Additional requirements may be specified for requirements of relevant publication or national
flexible cable, depending on the applications. standard.

10.1.4 Electric cables complying with IEC 10.3 Voltage rating

Publication 502 is to have stranded conductors.
10.3.1 The rated voltage of any cable is not to be
10.1.5 Electric cables for non-fixed wiring lower than the nominal voltage of the circuit for
applications are to comply with an acceptable and which it is used. Cables exposed to voltage surges
relevant standard. associated with highly inductive circuits, e.g.
contactor operating circuits for winches etc., are to
Table 10.1.1 : Electric cables be given special consideration.

Application IEC Publication 10.3.2 Electric cables used in unearthed systems are
General constructional 92-350 to be suitably rated to withstand the additional
and testing requirements stresses imposed on the insulation due to an earth
Fixed power and control 92-353 fault.
circuits
Instrumentation 10.4 Operating temperature
control and 92-375
communication circuits 10.4.1 The maximum rated conductor temperature of
up to 60 V the insulating material for normal operation is to be
Control circuits up to 92-376 at least 10oC higher than the maximum ambient
250 V temperature liable to be produced in the space where
Mineral insulated 702 the cable is installed.

10.1.6 For the purpose of this section pipes, 10.4.2 The maximum rated conductor temperatures
conduits, trending or any other system for the for normal and short circuit operation, for the
additional mechanical protection of cables are insulating materials included within the publications
hereafter referred to under the generic name referred to in 10.1.2 is not to exceed the values
‘protective casings’. stated in Table 10.4.2.

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10.4.3 Electric cables constructed of an insulating material appropriate to the expected ambient
material not included in Table 10.4.2 are to be rated conditions.
in accordance with relevant standard chosen in
compliance with 10.1.2. 10.5.5 Electric cables where it is required that their
construction includes metallic sheaths, armouring or
Table 10.4.2 : Insulating materials and maximum braids are to be provided with an overall impervious
rated conductor temperature sheath or other means to protect the metallic
elements against corrosion.
Type of insulating Maximum rated
compound conductor temperature 10.5.6 Where single core electric cables are used in
o
C circuits rated in excess of 20 Amperes and are
Thermoplastics armoured the armour is to be of a non-magnetic
Based upon polyvinyl material.
chloride or co-polymer
60 10.5.7 Electric cables are to be constructed such that
of vinyl chloride and
vinyl acetate they are capable of withstanding the mechanical and
Based upon thermal effects of the maximum short circuit current
60 which can flow in any part of the circuit in which
polyethylene
Elastometric or thermosettings they are installed, taking into consideration not only
Based upon ethylene the time/current characteristics of the circuit
propylene rubber or 85 protective device but also the peak value of the
similar (EPM or EPDM) prospective short circuit current. Where electric
Based upon chemically cables are to be used in circuits with a maximum
85 short circuit current in excess of 70 kA, evidence is
crosslinked polyethylene
Based upon silicon to be submitted for consideration when required
95 demonstrating that the cable construction can
rubber
Mineral 95 withstand the effects of the short circuit current.

10.6 Conductor size

10.5 Construction

10.5.1 Electric cables are to be at least of a flame- 10.6.1 The maximum continuous load carried by a
retardant type. Compliance with IEC Publication cable is not to exceed its current rating. The
332-1: Tests on a single vertical insulated wire or diversity factor of the individual loads and the
duration of the maximum demand may be allowed
cable, will be acceptable.
for in estimating the maximum continuous load and
10.5.2 Exemption from the requirements of 10.5.1 is to be shown on the plans submitted for approval.
for applications such as radio frequency or digital
communication systems, which require the use of 10.6.2 The cross sectional area of the conductors is
particular types of cable, will be subject to special to be sufficient to ensure that, under short circuit
conditions, the maximum rated conductor
consideration.
temperature for short circuit operation is not
10.5.3 Where electric cables are required to be of a exceeded taking into account the time current
characteristics of the circuit protective device and
'fire resistant type', they are in addition to comply
with the performance requirements of IEC the peak value of the prospective short circuit
Publication 331: Fire characteristics of electric current.
cables.
10.6.3 The cross sectional area of the conductor is to
10.5.4 Where electric cables are installed in be sufficient to ensure that at no point in the
installation will the voltage variation stated in 1.7 be
locations exposed to the weather, in damp and in wet
situations, in machinery compartments, refrigerated exceeded when the conductors are carrying the
spaces or exposed to harmful vaporous including oil maximum current under normal conditions of
service.
vapour they are to have the conductor insulating
materials enclosed in an impervious sheath of
10.6.4 The size of earth conductors is to comply
with 1.12.7.

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10.6.6 The cross sectional area of conductors used in

10.6.5 The current rating given in Table 10.6.1 are circuits supplying cyclic or non-continuous loads is
based on the maximum operating conductor to be sufficient to ensure that the cables maximum
temperature rise given in Table 10.4.2 where more rated conductor temperature for normal operation is
precise evaluation of current rating has been carried not exceeded when the conductors are operating
out based on experimental or calculated data, details under their normal conditions of service.
may be submitted for approval.

Table 10.6.1 : Electric cable current ratings, normal operation, based on ambient 45oC

Continuous r.m.s. current rating, in amperes

Nominal
Thermoplastic, PVC, PE EP rubber and cross-linked PE Silicon rubber or mineral
cross
section Single Single Single
2 core 3 or 4 core 2 core 3 or 4 core 2 core 3 or 4 core
core core core
0.75 6 5 4 13 11 9 17 14 12
1 8 7 6 16 14 11 20 17 14
1.25 10 8 7 18 15 13 23 19 16
1.5 12 10 8 20 17 14 24 20 17
2 13 11 9 25 21 17 31 26 21
2.5 17 14 12 28 24 20 32 27 22

3.5 21 18 14 35 30 24 39 33 27
4 22 19 15 38 32 27 42 36 29
5.5 27 23 19 46 39 32 52 44 36
6 29 25 20 48 41 34 55 47 39
8 35 30 24 59 50 41 66 56 46

10 40 34 28 67 57 47 75 64 53
14 49 42 34 83 71 58 94 80 66
16 54 46 38 90 77 63 100 85 70
22 66 56 46 110 93 77 124 105 87
25 71 60 50 120 102 84 135 115 95

30 80 68 56 135 115 94 151 128 106

35 87 74 61 145 123 102 165 140 116
38 92 78 64 155 132 108 175 149 122
50 105 89 74 185 153 126 200 175 140
60 123 104 86 205 174 143 233 198 163

70 135 115 95 225 191 158 255 217 179

80 147 125 103 245 208 171 278 236 195
95 165 140 116 275 234 193 310 264 217
100 169 144 118 285 242 199 320 272 224
120 190 162 133 320 272 224 360 306 252

125 194 165 134 325 280 230 368 313 258
150 220 187 154 365 310 256 410 349 287
185 250 213 175 415 353 291 470 400 329
200 260 221 182 440 375 305 494 420 346
240 290 247 203 490 417 343 570 485 400
300 335 285 235 560 476 392 660 560 460

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Table 10.7.2 : Correction factors

Insulation
Correction factor for ambient air temperature of oC
material
35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85
PVC
- - - - - - -
Polyethylene 1.29 1.15 1.00 0.82
EPR, XLPE 1.12 1.06 1.00 0.94 0.87 0.79 0.71 0.61 0.50 - -
Mineral,
Silicon rubber 1.10 1.05 1.00 0.95 0.89 0.84 0.77 0.71 0.63 0.55 0.45

10.7 Correction factors for current rating installation is unavoidable, a loop of cable of length
proportional to the expansion of the joint is to be
10.7.1 Bunching of cables : Where more than six provided. The internal radius of the loop is to be at
cables belonging to the same circuit are bunched least twelve times the external diameter of the cable.
together a correction factor of 0.85 is to be applied.
10.8.3 Where a duplicate supply is required and
10.7.2 Ambient temperature : The current ratings provided for any particular service, the two cables
in Table 10.6.1 are based on an ambient temperature are to follow different routes which are separated
of 45oC. For other values of ambient temperature the throughout their length as widely as is practicable, to
correction factors shown in Table 10.7.2 are to be minimise the probability of simultaneous damage to
applied. the two circuits. The provision is also applicable to
control circuits.
10.7.3 Intermittent service : Where the load is
intermittent, the correction factors in Table 10.7.3 10.8.4 Electric cables are to be as far as practicable
may be applied for half hour and one hour ratings. In installed remote from sources of heat. Where
no case is a shorter rating than one half hour rating installation of cable near source of heat cannot be
to be used, whatever the degree of intermittence. avoided and where there is consequently a risk of
damage to the cables by heat suitable shields,
Table 10.7.3 : Correction factors for insulation or other precautions are to be installed.
intermittent rating
10.8.5 Cables supplying essential or important
Correc- Half-hour rating One-hour rating consumers are generally not to be installed in rooms
tion With Without With Without where there is an excessive fire hazard such as paint
factor metallic metallic metallic metallic stores, galleys, etc. purifiers, welding-gas bottles etc.
sheath sheath sheath sheath
[mm2] [mm2] [mm2] [mm2]
1.00 Upto 20 Upto 75 Upto 67 Upto 230 10.8.6 Cables having insulating materials with
1.10 21 – 40 76 – 125 68 – 170 231 – 400 different maximum-rated conductor temperatures are
1.15 41 – 65 126 – 180 171 – 290 401 - 600
not to be bunched together, or, where this is not
practicable, the cables are to be operated so that no
1.20 66 – 95 181 – 250 291 – 430 -
cable reaches temperature higher than that permitted
1.25 96 – 130 251 – 320 431 - 600 -
for the lowest temperature-rated cable in the group.
1.30 131 – 170 321 – 400 - -
1.35 171 – 220 401 – 500 - - 10.8.7 Cables having a protective covering which
1.40 221 - 270 - - - may damage the covering of other cables are not to
be bunched with those of other cables.
10.8 Installation of electric cables
10.8.8 The minimum internal radius of cable bends,
10.8.1 Cable runs are to be, as far as practicable, which are not subjected to movements by expansion
straight and accessible and as high as possible above when installed, is to be generally in accordance with
bilges. Table 10.8.1.

10.8.2 The installation of cables across expansion

joints in any structure is to be avoided. Where such

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10.9 Mechanical protection of cables

Table 10.8.1 : Minimum internal radii of bends in
cables for fixed wiring 10.9.1 Cables exposed to risk of mechanical damage
are to be protected by metal channels or casing or
Cable construction Min. enclosed in steel conduit unless the protective
internal
Overall radius of covering (e.g. armour or sheath) is adequate to
Outer diameter of bend (times withstand the possible damage.
Insulation
covering cable overall
diameter of 10.9.2 Cables, in spaces where there is exceptional
cable)
Thermoplastic Metal Any 6D
risk of mechanical damage (e.g. on weather decks,
and sheathed in cargo hold areas and inside the cargo holds) and
electrometric Armoured also below the floor in engine and boiler rooms, are
600/1000 V and braided to be suitably protected, even if armoured, unless the
and below Other ≤ 25 [mm] 6D
steel structure affords adequate protection.
finishes > 25 [mm] 6D
Mineral Hard metal Any 6D
sheathed 10.9.3 Metal casings for mechanical protection of
Thermoplastic and elastometric above 600/1000 V cables are to be efficiently protected against
Single core Any Any 20D corrosion and effectively earthed in accordance with
Multi-core Any Any 15D
1.12.
10.8.9 Electric cables are not to be coated or painted 10.9.4 Non metallic protective casings and fixings
with materials which may adversely affect their are to be flame retardant in accordance with the
sheath or their fire protection. requirements of IEC Publication 92-101.
10.8.10 Where electric cables are installed in 10.10 Securing of cables
refrigerated spaces they are not to be covered with
thermal insulation but may be placed directly on the 10.10.1 Cables, other than those attached to portable
face of the refrigeration chamber, provided that appliances and those installed in pipes, conduits or
precautions are taken to prevent the electric cables special casing are to be effectively supported and
being used as casual means of suspension. PVC secured in a manner that prevents damage to their
insulated cables are not to be installed in refrigerated coverings.
spaces.
10.10.2 Supports and accessories are to be robust
10.8.11 Cable runs are normally not to include and are to be of corrosion-resistant material or
joints. However, if a joint is necessary it is to be suitably corrosion inhibited before erection.
carried out with prior approval and with due
consideration to methods of splicing that retain the 10.10.3 The distance between supports, for
original mechanical and electrical properties of the horizontal as well as vertical runs of cables, is to be
cable and which ensure that all conductors are chosen according to the type/size of cable, but
adequately secured, insulated and protected from generally in accordance with Table 10.10.3.
atmospheric action. Terminals and busbars are to be
of dimensions adequate for the cable rating. 10.10.4 When electric cables are fixed by means of
clips or straps manufactured from a material other
10.8.12 Where electric cables are installed in than metal the material is to be flame retardant and
bunches, provision is to be made to limit the the fixings are to be supplemented by suitable metal
propagation of fire, which may be achieved by the clips or straps at regular intervals, each not
use of suitably located fire stops. Alternative exceeding 2 [m].
arrangements will be considered.
10.10.5 Single core cables are to be firmly fixed,
10.8.13 All metal coverings of electric cables are to using supports of strength adequate to withstand
earthed in accordance with 1.12. forces corresponding to the values of the peak
prospective short circuit current.

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10.12.4 Expansion joints are to be provided where

Table 10.10.3 : Distance between supports necessary.

External diameter of Non- Armoured 10.12.5 Cable pipes and conduits are to be
cable armoured cables adequately and effectively protected against
Exceeding Not cables corrosion. Where necessary, openings are to be
exceeding provided at the highest and lowest points to permit
mm mm mm mm air circulation and to prevent accumulation of water.
- 8 200 250
8 13 250 300 10.12.6 Cables used for cold cathode luminous
13 20 300 350 discharge lamps are not to be installed in metal
20 30 350 400 conduit unless protected by metal sheath or screen.
30 - 400 450
10.13 Single core electric cables for alternating
10.11 Penetration of bulkheads and decks by current
cables
10.13.1 When installed in protective casings, electric
10.11.1 Where electric cables pass through cables belonging to the same circuit are to be
watertight, fire insulated or gas tight bulkheads, the installed in the same casing, unless the casing is of
arrangements are to be such as to ensure the non-magnetic material.
integrity of the bulkhead or deck is not impaired.
The arrangements chosen are to ensure that the 10.13.2 Cable clips are to include electric cables of
cables are not adversely affected. all phases of a circuit unless the clips are of non-
magnetic material.
10.11.2 Where cables pass through non-watertight
bulkheads or structural steel, the holes are to be 10.13.3 Single-core cables of the same circuit are to
bushed with suitable material. If the steel is at least 6 be in contact with one another, as far as possible. In
mm thick, adequately rounded edges may be any event the distance between adjacent electric
accepted as the equivalent of bushing. cables is not to be greater than one cable diameter.

10.11.3 Electric cables passing through decks are to 10.13.4 If single-core cables of current rating greater
be protected by deck tubes or ducts. than 250 A are installed near a steel bulkhead, the
clearance between the cables and the bulkhead is to
10.11.4 Where cables pass through thermal be at least 50 mm unless the cables belonging to the
insulation they are to do so at right angles, in tubes same a.c. circuit are installed in trefoil formation.
sealed at both ends.
10.13.5 Magnetic material is not to be used between
10.12 Installation of electric cables in protective single core cables of a group. Where cables pass
casings through steel plates, all the conductors of the same
circuit are to pass through a plate or gland, so made
10.12.1 Installation of cables in pipes and conduits is that there is no magnetic material between the cables
to be carried out in such a manner that there is no and the clearance between the cables and the
damage to the cable covering. magnetic material is not to be less than 75 mm,
unless the cables belonging to the same a.c. circuit
10.12.2 The internal radius of bend of protective are installed in trefoil formation.
casings are to be not less than that required for
largest cable installed therein (See 10.8.8). 10.14 Cable ends

10.12.3 The drawing in factor (ratio of the sum of 10.14.1 The ends of all conductors of cross-sectional
the cross-sectional areas of the cables, based on their area greater than 4 [mm2] are to be fitted with
external diameter, to the internal cross section area soldering sockets, compression type sockets or
of the pipe) is not to exceed 0.4. mechanical clamps. Corrosive fluxes are not to be
used.

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10.14.2 Cables having hygroscopic insulation (e.g. 10.14.3 Cable socket and connecting terminals are to
mineral insulated) are to have their ends sealed be of such a design and dimension that maximum
against ingress of moisture. current likely to flow through them will not produce
heat which would damage the insulation.

Section 11

Batteries

11.1 General determine the installation requirements of 11.3.1,

11.3.2 or 11.3.3.
11.1.1 The requirements of this section apply to
permanently installed secondary batteries of the 11.3.5 Where lead-acid and nickel-cadmium
vented and valve regulated sealed type. batteries are installed in the same compartment
precautions are to be taken, such as the provision of
11.1.2 A vented battery is one in which the screens, to prevent possible contamination of
electrolyte can be replaced and which freely releases electrolytes.
gas during periods of charge and overcharge.
11.3.6 Where batteries may be exposed to the risk of
11.1.3 A valve regulated sealed battery minimises mechanical damage or falling objects they are to be
the quantity of gas released through a pressure relief suitably protected.
valve by recombining the products of electrolysis.
The electrolyte cannot be replaced. 11.3.7 Batteries installed in crew and passenger
cabins together with their associated corridors, are to
11.2 Construction be of the hermetically sealed type.

11.2.1 Batteries are to be constructed so as to 11.3.8 A permanent notice prohibiting smoking and
prevent spilling of the electrolyte due to motion and the use of naked lights or equipment, capable of
to minimise the emission of elecrolyte spray. creating a source of ignition, is to be prominently
displayed adjacent to the entrances of all
11.3 Location compartments containing batteries.

11.3.1 Vented batteries connected to a charging 11.4 Installation

device with a power output of more than 2 kW are to
be housed in an adequately ventilated compartment 11.4.1 Batteries are to be arranged such that each
assigned to batteries only, or may be installed in a cell or crate of cells is accessible from the top and at
suitable box on open deck. least one side.

11.3.2 Vented batteries connected to a charging 11.4.2 Where cells are carried on metal stands, non-
device with a power output within the range 0.2 kW absorbent insulation appropriate to the working
to 2 kW are to be installed in accordance with voltage is to be provided between the cells and
11.3.1, or may be installed in a box within a well stands and similar insulation fitted to prevent any
ventilated machinery or similar space. movement arising from the ship’s motion. Metal
stands are to be insulated from the structure where
11.3.3 Vented batteries connected to a charging the battery has a nominal working voltage exceeding
device with a power output of less than 0.2 kW may 110 volts.
be installed in an open position or in a battery box in
any suitable space. 11.4.3 Where acid is used as the electrolyte for
vented type batteries, a tray of acid resisting material
11.3.4 Where more than one charging device is is to be provided below the cells, unless the deck
installed for any battery or group of batteries in one below is similarly protected. Alkaline batteries are to
location, the total power output is to be used to be provided with equivalent arrangements for
containing any escape or spillage of electrolyte.

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11.4.4 The interiors of all compartments for vented 11.5.8 Battery boxes are to be provided with
batteries including crates, trays, boxes, shelves and sufficient ventilation openings located so as to avoid
other structural parts therein are to be of a corrosion accumulation of flammable gas whilst preventing
resistant material and if necessary covered with a the entrance of rain or spray.
suitable paint or lining material.
11.6 Charging facilities
11.5 Ventilation
11.6.1 Charging facilities are to be provided for all
11.5.1 Battery compartments and boxes are to be secondary batteries such that they may be
ventilated to avoid accumulation of dangerous completely charged from the completely discharged
concentrations of flammable gas. The ventilation state in a reasonable time having regard to the
openings are to be of a non-closeable type and a service requirements.
permanent notice is to be prominently displayed
adjacent to them, stating: 11.6.2 Suitable means, including an ammeter and a
voltmeter, are to be provided for controlling and
THIS VENTILATOR OPENING IS NOT TO BE monitoring charging of batteries and to protect them
CLOSED OR BLOCKED AT ANY TIME – against discharge into the charging circuits.
EXPLOSIVE GAS.
11.6.3 For floating circuits or any other conditions
11.5.2 Natural ventilation may be employed where where the load is connected to the battery whilst it is
the number of air changes necessary are small, on charge, the maximum battery voltage is not to
provided ducts can be run directly from the top of exceed the safe value for any connected apparatus.
the compartment to the open air above, with no part
of the duct more than 45o from the vertical. 11.6.4 Where valve regulated sealed batteries are
installed, a device independent of the normal
11.5.3 Where natural ventilation is impracticable or charging arrangements is to be provided to prevent
insufficient, mechanical ventilation is to be gas evolution in excess of the manufacturer’s design
provided, with the air inlet located near the floor and quantity.
the exhaust at the top of the compartment.
11.6.5 Boost charge facilities, where provided, are to
11.5.4 Mechanical exhaust ventilation is to be be arranged such that they are automatically
provided for vented type battery installations disconnected should the battery compartment
connected to a charging device with a total ventilation system fail.
maximum power output of more than 2 kW.
11.6.6 Means are to be provided to minimise the risk
11.5.5 The ventilation system for battery of overcharging or overheating the batteries.
compartment and boxes other than boxes located on
open deck or in spaces to which 11.3.2 and 11.3.3 11.7 Electrical equipment
refer, is to be separate from other ventilation
systems. The exhaust ducting is to be led to a 11.7.1 Only electrical equipment necessary for
location in the open air, where any gases can be operational reasons and for the provision of lighting
safely diluted, away from possible sources of is to be installed in compartments provided in
ignition and openings into spaces where gases may compliance with 11.3.1. Such electrical equipment is
accumulate. to be certified for group IIC gases and temperature
Class T1 in accordance with IEC Publication 79:
11.5.6 Fan motors associated with exhaust ducts Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres,
from battery compartments are to be placed external or an acceptable and relevant National Standard.
to the ducts and the compartments.
11.7.2 Standard marine or industrial electrical
11.5.7 Ventilating fans for battery compartments are equipment may be installed in compartments
to be so constructed and be of material such as to containing valve-regulated sealed batteries provided
minimise risk of sparking in the event of the that the ventilation requirements of 11.5 and the
impeller touching the casing. Non-metallic impellers charging requirements of 11.6.4 and 11.6.5 are
are to be of an anti-static material. complied with.

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engine starting circuits, unprotected cable runs are to

11.8 Cables be kept as short as possible and special precautions
should be taken to minimize risk of faults, e.g. use
11.8.1 Where it is impracticable to provide electrical of single core cables with additional sleeve over the
protective devices for certain cables supplied from insulation of each core, with shrouded terminals.
batteries, e.g. within battery compartments and in

Section 12

Equipment – Heating, Lighting and Accessories

12.1 Heating and cooking equipment 12.4.3 Where capacitors of 0.5 microfarads and
above are installed, means are to be provided to
12.1.1 The construction of heaters is to give a degree promptly discharge the capacitors on disconnection
of protection according to IEC Publication 529: of the supply
Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP
Code), or an acceptable and relevant National
Standard, suitable for the intended location. Table 12.2.1 : Lamps and lampholders

12.1.2 Heating elements are to be suitably guarded. Maximum lamp rating Maximum
Designatio lamp-
12.1.3 Heating and cooking equipment is to be n Voltage, V Power, W holder
installed such that adjacent bulkheads and decks are current, A
not subjected to excessive heating. Screw cap lamps
E40 250 3000 16
12.2 Lighting – General E27 250 200 4
E14 250 15 2
12.2.1 Lampholders are to be constructed of flame E10 24 - 2
retarding non-hydroscopic materials. Bayonet cap lamps
B22 250 200 4
12.2.2 Lighting fittings are to be so arranged as to B15d 250 15 2
prevent temperature rises which overheat or damage
B15s 55 15 2
surrounding materials. They must not impair the
Tubular fluorescent lamps
integrity of fire divisions.
G13 250 80 -
12.3 Incandescent lighting G5 250 13 -

12.3.1 Tungsten filament lamps and lampholders are 12.5 Discharge lighting
to be in accordance with Table 12.2.1.
12.5.1 Discharge lamps operating in excess of 250 V
12.3.2 Lampholders of type E40 are to be provided are only acceptable as fixed fittings. Warning
with a means of locking the lamp in the lampholder. notices calling attention to the voltage are to be
permanently displayed at points of access to the
12.4 Fluorescent lighting lamps and where otherwise necessary.

12.4.1 Fluorescent lamps and lampholders are to be 12.6 Socket outlets and plugs
in accordance with Table 12.2.1.
12.6.1 The temperature rise on the five parts of
12.4.2 Fittings, reactors, capacitors and other socket outlet and plugs is not to exceed 30oC. Socket
auxiliaries are not to be mounted on surfaces which outlets and plugs are to be so constructed that they
are subject to high temperatures. If mounted cannot be readily short-circuited whether the plug is
separately they are additionally to be enclosed in an in or out, and so that a pin of the plug cannot be
earthed conductive casing. made to earth either pole of the socket outlet.

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12.6.2 All socket outlets of current rating 16 A or outlets and plugs are to be effectively shielded
more are to be provided with a switch and be against rain and spray and are to be provided with
interlocked such that the plug cannot be inserted or means of maintaining this quality after removal of
withdrawn when the switch is in the ‘on’ position. the plug.

12.6.3 Where it is necessary to earth the non-current 12.7 Enclosures

carrying parts of portable or transportable
equipment, an effective means of earthing is to be 12.7.1 Enclosures for the containing and mounting
provided at the socket outlet. of electrical accessories are to be of metal,
effectively protected against corrosion, or of flame-
12.6.4 On weather decks, galleys, laundries, retardant insulating materials.
machinery spaces and all wet situations socket

Section 13

Electrical Equipment for Use in Explosive Atmospheres

13.1 General 13.1.2 Where cables are installed in hazardous areas,

precautions are to be taken against risks being
13.1.1 Electrical equipment is not to be installed in introduced in the event of an electrical fault.
areas where an explosive atmosphere may be
present, except where necessary for operational 13.1.3 For craft with spaces for carrying vehicles
and/or safety purposes, when the equipment is to be with fuel in their tanks for their own propulsion, the
of a certified safe type as listed below and details of following requirements are also applicable:
the equipment and installation are to be submitted
for approval. The construction and type testing is to a) electrical equipment fitted within a height of 45
be in accordance with IEC Publication 79: Electrical cm above the vehicle deck, or any platform on
equipment for explosive gas atmospheres or an which vehicles are carried, or within the exhaust
acceptable and relevant National Standard. ventilation trunking for the space, is to be of a
safe type;
Intrinsically safe - Ex ‘i’
Increased safety - Ex ‘e’ b) electrical equipment situated elsewhere within
Flameproof - Ex ‘d’ the space is to have an enclosure of ingress
Pressurized enclosure - Ex ‘p’ protection rating of at lest IP55, if not of a safe
Powder filled - Ex ‘q’ type. (See IEC Publication 529: Classification
Encapsulated - Ex ‘m’ of Degrees of Protection provided by
enclosures). Smoke and gas detector heads are
exempt from this requirement.

Section 14

Navigation and Manoeuvring Systems

14.1 Steering systems arrangement consisting of one or more electric

motors. One of these circuits may pass through the
14.1.1 The requirements of 14.1.2 to 14.1.7 are to be emergency switchboard.
read in conjunction with those in Chapter 8.
14.1.3 The main and auxiliary steering unit motors
14.1.2 Two exclusive circuits, fed from the main are to be capable of being started from a position on
source of electrical power and each having adequate the navigating bridge and also arranged to restart
capacity to supply all the motors which may be automatically when power is restored after a power
connected to it simultaneously are to be provided for failure.
each electric or electro-hydraulic steering unit

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14.1.4 The motor of an associated auxiliary electric transformers to the emergency switchboard. The
or electro-hydraulic power unit may be connected to distribution board is to be accessible to the officer of
one of the circuits supplying the main steering unit. the watch.

14.1.5 Only short circuit protection is to be provided 14.3.2 Each navigation light is to be controlled and
for each main and auxiliary steering unit motor protected in each insulated pole by a switch and fuse
circuit. or circuit-breaker mounted on the distribution board.

14.1.6 In craft of less than 1600 gross tonnage, if an 14.3.3 Each navigation light is to be provided with
auxiliary steering unit is not electrically powered or an automatic indicator giving audible and/or visual
is powered by an electric motor primarily intended indication of failure of the light. If an audible device
for other services, the main steering unit may be fed alone is fitted, it is to be connected to an
by one circuit from the main switchboard. independent source of supply, e.g. a battery, with
Consideration would be given to other protective means provided to test this supply. If a visual signal
arrangements other than described in 14.1.5 for such is used connected in series with the navigation light,
a motor primarily intended for other services. means are to be provided to prevent extinction of the
navigation light due to failure of the signal. The
14.1.7 Each main and auxiliary steering unit electric requirements of this paragraph do not apply to pilot
control system which is to be operated from the boats, fishing boats and similar small vessels.
navigating bridge is to be served with electric power
by a separate circuit supplied from the associated 14.3.4 Provision is to be made on the navigating
steering gear power circuit, from a point within the bridge for the navigation lights to be transferred to
steering unit compartment, or directly from the same an alternative circuit led from the main source of
section and switchboard busbars, main or electrical power.
emergency, to which the associated steering unit
power circuit is connected. Each separate circuit is 14.3.5 Any statutory requirements of the country of
to be provided with short circuit protection only. registration are to be complied with and may be
accepted as an alternative to the above.
14.2 Thruster systems for manoeuvring
14.4 Navigational aids
14.2.1 Where a tunnel or athwartship thruster is
fitted solely for the purpose of manoeuvring and is 14.4.1 Navigational aids as required by statutory
electrically driven, its starting and operation is not to regulations are to be fed from the emergency source
cause the loss of any essential services. of electrical power. (See Section 3).

14.2.2 In order to ensure that the thruster system is 14.5 Stabilization

not tripped inadvertently whilst manoeuvring the
craft, overload protection in the form of an alarm is 14.5.1 Where the stabilization of a craft is
to be provided for the electric motor and any essentially dependent upon a single device which in
associated supply converters, in lieu of tripping. turn is dependent upon a continuous supply of
electrical power, the supply arrangements are to
14.2.3 The thruster electric motor is not to be comply with 5.2.3.
disconnected as part of a load management
switching operation. 14.5.2 Where such systems are not dependent upon
the continuous availability of electrical power, but
14.3 Navigation lights one or more alternative systems not dependent upon
the electrical supply are installed, a single circuit
14.3.1 Navigation lights are to be connected may be provided, with the protection and alarms
separately to a distribution board reserved for this required by 5.2.3.
purpose only, and connected directly or through

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Section 15

Fire Safety Systems

15.1 Fire detection and alarm systems 15.2.3 The automatic alarm and detection system is
to be fed by exclusive feeders from two sources of
15.1.1 This section is to be read in conjunction with electrical power, one of which is to be an emergency
the requirements given in Chapter 10. source, with automatic changer-over facilities
located in, or adjacent to, the main alarm and
15.1.2 A loop circuit of an addressable fire detection detection panel.
system, capable of interrogating from either end of
the loop any detector served by the circuit, may 15.3 Fire pumps
comprise more than one section of detectors. Such
sections are to be separated by devices which will 15.3.1 When the emergency fire pump is electrically
ensure that if a short circuit occurs anywhere in the driven, the power is to be supplied by a source other
loop only the attached section of detectors will be than that supplying the main fire pumps. This source
isolated from the control panel. No section of is to be located outside the machinery spaces
detectors between these devices is in general to containing the main fire pumps and their source of
include more than 50 detectors. power and drive units.

15.1.3 A loop circuit of an addressable fire detection 15.3.2 The cables to the emergency fire pumps are
system is not to be situated in more than one main not to pass through the machinery spaces containing
vertical zone, nor is a loop circuit which covers a the main fire pumps and their source of power and
control station, a service space or an accommodation drive units. The cables are to be of a fire resistant
space to include a machinery space. type where they pass through other high fire risk
areas.
15.1.4 The wiring for each section of detectors in an
addressable fire detector system is to be separated as 15.4 Refrigerated liquid carbon dioxide systems
widely as practicable from that of all other sections
on the same loop. 15.4.1 Where there are electrically driven
refrigeration units for carbon dioxide fire-
15.2 Automatic sprinkler system extinguishing systems, one unit is to be supplied by
the main source of electrical power and the other
15.2.1 Any electrically driven power pump, unit from the emergency source of electrical power.
provided solely for the purpose of continuing Exclusive circuits are to be used for the two units.
automatically the discharge of water from the
sprinklers, is to be brought into action automatically 15.4.2 Each electrically driven carbon dioxide
by the pressure drop in the system before the refrigerating unit is to be arranged for automatic
standing fresh water charge in the pressure tank is operation in the event of loss of the alternative unit.
completely exhausted.
15.5 Fire safety stops
15.2.2 For passenger crafts, electrically driven sea-
water pumps for automatic sprinkler systems are to 15.5.1 Means of stopping all ventilating fans are to
be served by not less than two circuits reserved be provided, outside the spaces being served, at
solely for this purpose, one fed from the main source positions which will not readily be cut off in the
of electrical power and one from the emergency event of a fire. The provisions for machinery spaces
source of electrical power. Such feeders are to be are to be independent of those for other spaces.
connected to an automatic change-over switch
situated near the sprinkler pump and the switch is to 15.5.2 Machines driving forced and induced draught
be normally closed to the feeder from the main fans, independently driven pumps delivering oil to
source of electrical power. The switches on the main main propulsion machinery for bearing lubrication
and emergency switchboards are to be clearly and piston cooling, oil fuel transfer pumps, oil fuel
labeled and normally kept closed. unit pumps, cargo oil pumps and other similar fuel
pumps are to be fitted with remote controls situated

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outside the space concerned so that they may be facilities, is to be provided at the central control
stopped in the event of fire arising in the space in station.
which they are located.
15.6.2 The control and indication systems for the
15.5.3 In passenger crafts all power ventilation fire doors are to be designed on the fail-safe
systems, except cargo and machinery space principle with the release system having a manual
ventilation, which is to be in accordance with 15.5.2 reset.
are to be fitted with master controls so that all fans
may be stopped, in the event of fire, from either of 15.7 Fire dampers
two separate positions which are to be situated as far
apart as is practicable. 15.7.1 The electrical power required for the control
and indication circuits of fire dampers is to be
15.5.4 Means of cutting off power to the galley, in supplied from the emergency source of electrical
the event of a fire, are to be provided outside the power.
galley exits, at positions, which will not readily be
rendered inaccessible by such a fire. 15.7.2 The control and indication systems for the
fire dampers are to be designed on the fail-safe
15.5.5 Fire safety stop systems are to be designed on principle with the release system having a manual
the fail-safe principle or alternatively the power reset.
supplies to and the circuits of, the fire safety stop
systems are to be continuously monitored and an 15.8 Fire extinguishing media release alarms
alarm initiated in the event of a fault and the cables
are to be of a fire resistant type. See 10.5.3. 15.8.1 Where it is required that alarms be provided
to warn of the release of a fire extinguishing
15.6 Fire doors medium and these are electrically operated, they are
to be fed by exclusive circuits from two sources, one
15.6.1 The electrical power required for the control, of which is to be an emergency source. Automatic
indication and alarm circuits of fire doors is to be change over facilities are to be provided between the
supplied from the emergency source of electrical two services together with indication, located in or
power as required by Section 3. In passenger craft an adjacent to the operation panel, to show that the
alternative supply fed from the main source of supply to the alarms is healthy.
electrical power, with automatic change-over

Section 16

Crew and Passenger Emergency Safety Systems

16.1 Emergency lighting evacuation in an emergency, having regard to the

possible presence of smoke.
16.1.1 For the purpose of this section emergency
lighting, transitional emergency lighting and 16.1.4 The exit(s) from every main compartment
supplementary emergency lighting are hereafter occupied by passengers or crew is to be
referred to under the generic name 'emergency continuously illuminated by an emergency lighting
lighting'. fitting.

16.1.2 Emergency lighting is to be arranged so that a 16.1.5 Switches are not to be installed in the final
fire or other casualty in the spaces containing the sub-circuits to emergency light fittings unless the
emergency source of electrical power, associated light fittings are serving normally unmanned spaces,
transforming equipment and the emergency lighting i.e. storage-rooms, cold rooms, etc. Where switches
switchboard does not render the main lighting are fitted they are to be accessible only to ships crew
system inoperative. with provision made to ensure that the emergency
lighting is energised when such spaces are manned.
16.1.3 The level of illumination provided by the
emergency lighting is to be adequate to permit safe

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16.1.6 Where emergency lighting fittings are

connected to dimmers, provision is to be made, upon 16.2.6 The system is to be capable of operation from
the loss of the main lighting, to automatically restore at least the navigating bridge and at a position
them to their normal level of illumination. adjacent to the alarm signal distribution panel. After
being bought into operation the alarm is to continue
16.1.7 Fittings are to be specially marked to indicate to function until it is manually turned off or is
that they form part of the emergency lighting temporarily interrupted by a message on the public
system. address system. The access points for such messages
are to be restricted to the navigating bridge and other
16.2 General emergency alarm system strategic positions.

16.2.1 An electrically operated bell or klaxon or 16.3 Public address system

other equivalent warning system installed in addition
to the ship's whistle or siren, for sounding the 16.3.1 Public address systems are to comply with
general emergency alarm signal is to comply with requirements of this Section.
the requirement of this Section.
16.3.2 Where the public address system forms part
16.2.2 The alarm system is to be fed by exclusive of the internal communication equipment required in
circuits, one from the main source of electrical an emergency it is to be fed by exclusive circuits,
power and one from an emergency source of one from the main source of electrical power and
electrical power with automatic change-over one from an emergency source of electrical power
facilities located in, or adjacent to the main alarm with automatic change-over facilities located
signal distribution panel. adjacent to the public address system.

16.2.3 The alarm system is to be audible throughout 16.3.3 Amplifiers are to be continuously rated for
all the accommodation and normal crew working the maximum power that they are required to deliver
spaces with all doors and accesses closed and is to into the system for audio and, where alarms are to be
have a sound pressure level, in the 1/3-octave band sounded through the public address system, for tone
above the fundamental, of not less than 75dB(A) and signals.
at least 10 dB(A) above normal ambient noise
levels, with the ship underway in moderate weather, 16.3.4 Loudspeakers are to be continuously rated for
when measured at the sleeping positions in the their proportionate share of amplifier output.
cabins and one metre from the source. An audible
alarm level of 120 dB(A) is not to be exceeded in 16.3.5 Amplifiers and loudspeakers are to be
any space. selected and arranged to prevent feedback and other
interference.
16.2.4 With the exception of bells, the alarm is to
have a signal frequency between 200 Hz and 2.5 16.3.6 Where the public address system does not
kHz. form part of the internal communication equipment
required in an emergency, provision is to be made,
16.2.5 Where the special alarm fitted to summon the at a position adjacent to the emergency system
crew from the navigation bridge, of fire control control panel, to silence the public address system.
station, forms part of the ship's general alarm
system, it is to be capable of being sounded
independently of the alarm to the passenger spaces.

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Section 17

Craft Safety Systems

17.1 Watertight doors 17.1.6 The enclosures of electrical components

necessarily situated below the bulkhead deck are to
17.1.1 The electrical power required for power- provide suitable protection against the ingress of
operated sliding watertight doors is to be separate water with ratings as defined in IEC Publication 529
from any other power circuit and supplied from the or an acceptable and relevant national standard, as
emergency switchboard either directly or by a follows :
dedicated distribution board situated above the
bulkhead deck. The associated control, indication a) Electrical motors, associated circuits and control
and alarm circuits are to be supplied from the components, protected to IPX7 standard.
emergency switchboard either directly or by a
dedicated distribution board situated above the b) Door position indicators and associated circuit
bulkhead deck and be capable of being components protected to IPX8 standard, where
automatically supplied by the transitional source of the water pressure testing of the enclosures is to
emergency electrical power, provided as per Section be based on the pressure that may occur at the
3, in the event of failure of either the main or location of the component during flooding for a
emergency source of electrical power. period of 36 hours.

17.1.2 Where the source for opening and closing the c) Door movement warning signals, protected to
watertight doors have electric motors, unless an IPX6 standard.
independent temporary source of stored energy is
provided, the electric motors are to be capable of 17.1.7 Watertight door electrical controls including
being automatically supplied from the transitional their electric cables are to be kept as close as is
source of emergency electrical power provided as practicable to the bulkhead in which the doors are
per Section 3. fitted and so arranged that the likelihood of them
being involved in any damage which the ship may
17.1.3 A single electrical failure in the power sustain is minimized.
operating or control system of power-operated
sliding watertight doors is not to result in a closed 17.1.8 An audible alarm, distinct from any other
door opening or prevent the hand operation of any alarm in the area, is to sound whenever the door is
door. closed remotely by power and sound for at least five
seconds but no more than ten seconds before the
17.1.4 Availability of the power supply is to be door begins to move and is to continue sounding
continuously monitored at a point in the electrical until the door is completely closed. The audible
circuit adjacent to the door operating equipment. alarm is to be supplemented by an intermittent visual
Loss of any such power supply is to activate an signal at the door in passenger areas and areas where
audible and visual alarm at the central operating the noise level exceeds 85 dB(A).
console at the navigating bridge.
17.1.9 A central operating console is to be fitted on
17.1.5 Electrical power, control, indication and the navigating bridge and is to be provided with a
alarm circuits are to be protected against fault in 'master-mode' switch having :
such a way that a failure in one door circuit will not
cause a failure in any other door circuit. Short a) a 'local control' mode for normal use which is to
circuits or other faults in the alarm or indicator allow any door to be locally opened and locally
circuits of a door are not to result in a loss of power closed after use without automatic closure, and;
operation of the door. Arrangements are to be such
that leakage of water into the electrical equipment b) a 'doors closed' mode for emergency use which is
located below the bulkhead deck will not cause the to allow any door that is opened to be automatically
door to open. closed whilst still permitting any doors to be locally
opened but with automatic reclosure upon release of
the local control mechanism.

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composed of continuous copper tape and/or rope,

17.1.10 The 'master mode' switch is to be arranged having a cross sectional area not less than 100 mm2
to be normally in the 'local control' mode position; which are to be reveted with copper rivets or
be clearly marked as to its emergency function. fastened with copper clamps to a suitable copper
spike not less than 13 mm in diameter, projecting at
17.1.11 The central operating console at the least 150 mm above the top of the mast. Where tape
navigating bridge is to be provided with a diagram is used the lower end of the tape is to terminate at
showing the location of each door, with visual the point at which the shrouds leave the mast, and is
indicators to show whether each door is open or to be securely clamped to a copper rope of not less
closed. A red light is to indicate a door is fully open than 13 mm diameter. This copper rope is to be lead
and a green light, a door fully closed. When the door down the shrouds and is to be securely clamped to a
is closed remotely a red light is to indicate the copper plate not less than 0.2 m2 in area, fixed well
intermediate position by flashing. The indicating below the light waterline and attached to the ship’s
circuit is to be independent of the control circuit for side in such a manner that it is to be immersed under
each door. all conditions of heel.

17.1.12 The arrangements are to be such that it is not 17.3.2 In wood and composite vessels fitted with
possible to remotely open any door from the central steel masts, each mast is to be connected to a copper
operating console. plate in accordance with 17.3.1, the copper rope
being securely attached to and in good electrical
17.2 Shell doors, loading doors and other closing contact with the mast at or above the point at which
appliances the shrouds leave the mast.

17.2.1 Where it is required that indicators be 17.3.3 In steel vessels fitted with wooden masts, the
provided for shell doors, loading doors and other lightning conductors are to be composed of copper
closing appliances, which are intended to ensure the tape or rope terminating in a spike, as set forth in
watertight integrity of the craft’s structure in which 17.3.1. At the lower end this copper tape or rope is
they are located, the indicator system is to be to be securely clamped to the nearest metal forming
designed on the fail-safe principle. The system is to part of the hull of the ship.
indicate if any of the doors or closing appliances are
open or are not fully closed or secured. 17.3.4 Lightning conductors are to be run as straight
as possible and sharp bends in the conductors are to
17.2.2 Where such doors and appliances are to be be avoided. All clamps used are to be of brass or
operated at sea, the requirements of 17.1 are to be copper, preferably of the serrated contact type and
complied with as far as is practicable. efficiently locked. No connection is to be dependent
on a soldered joint.
17.2.3 The electrical power supply for the indicator
system is to be independent of any electrical power 17.3.5 The resistance of the lightning conductor,
supply for operating and securing the doors. measured between the mast head and the position on
the earth plate or hull to which the lightning
17.3 Lightning conductors conductor is earthed, is not to exceed 0.02 ohms.

17.3.1 In wood and composite vessels fitted with

wooden masts, the lightning conductors are to be

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Section 18

Small Crafts Not Required to Comply With HSC Notation

18.1 General requirements

a) fire detection, alarm and extinction systems;
18.1.1 The requirements of this section are b) internal communication and alarm systems.
applicable to the electrical installations in non HSC
small craft as defined in 1.1.1 where the voltage of 18.3 Survey
supply does not exceed 440 volts ac or dc.
18.3.1 The installation is to be inspected and tested
18.1.2 The electrical installations for propulsion and by the Surveyors, in accordance with the
auxiliary service where the voltage of supply requirements of section 19, as appropriate, and is to
exceeds 440 volts are to be constructed and installed be to their satisfaction.
in accordance with Sections 1 to 17.
18.4 Addition or alterations
18.1.3 Alternative arrangements will be given
special consideration. 18.4.1 The requirements for addition or alteration as
given in Section 1.15 are to be complied with.
18.2 Plans
18.5 Location and construction of equipment
18.2.1 The following plans and details for electrical
installation are to be submitted in triplicate for 18.5.1 Electrical equipment is to be accessibly
approval. placed, clear of flammable material in well
ventilated, adequately lighted spaces, in which
18.2.2 Single line diagram of main power and flammable gases cannot accumulate and where it is
lighting systems which is to include: not exposed to risk of mechanical damage or
damage from water, steam or oil. Where necessarily
a) rating of machines; transformers; batteries and exposed to such risks, the equipment is to be
semi-conductor converters; suitably constructed or enclosed. Equipment is to be
b) all feeders connected to the main switchboard; accessible for maintenance.
c) section boards and distribution boards;
d) insulation type, size and current loadings of 18.5.2 Insulating materials and insulated windings
cables; are to be flame retardant and resistant to tracking,
e) make, type and rating of circuit breakers and moisture, sea air and oil vapour unless special
fuses. precautions are taken to protect them.

18.2.3 Simplified diagrams of generator circuits and 18.5.3 Securing arrangements used in connection
feeder-circuits showing: with current carrying parts are to be effectively
locked.
a) protective devices;
b) instrumentation and control devices; 18.5.4 The operation of all electrical equipment is to
c) preference tripping; be satisfactory under such conditions of vibrations,
d) earth fault indication/protection. movements and shock as may arise in normal
practice.
18.2.4 Calculations of prospective short circuit
current of main busbars and secondary side of 18.5.5 The design and installation of electrical
transformers. (Additionally load schedule is to be equipment is to be such that the risk of fire due to its
submitted for information.) failure is minimised. It is, as a minimum, to comply
with a National or International Standard revised
18.2.5 Details of electrically operated personnel where necessary for ambient conditions. Equipment
safety systems which are to include single line is to be tested at the manufacturers works and a
diagrams and a general arrangement plan of the certificate of tests issued by the manufacturer.
vessel showing location and cable routes of:

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18.6 Systems of distribution 18.8.4 Short circuit and overload protection together
with a means of isolation is to be provided in each
18.6.1 The requirement of generation and non-earthed outgoing circuit of the main
distribution as given in Section 5.1.1 are to be switchboard and each distribution board.
complied with.
18.8.5 Each final sub-circuit is to be provided with
18.6.2 The arrangement of the sources of electrical short circuit protection and a means of isolation in
power, generators or batteries, is to be such that a each non-earthed line.
casualty in any one space does not result in loss of
electrical power to circuits serving any safety, 18.8.6 Lighting circuits are to be supplied by circuits
essential lighting or communication equipment. In separate from those for power.
non-passenger type service craft any batteries
provided for this duty are to be rated for at least 12 18.8.7 Control circuits for engine monitoring and
hours and in patrol and pilot craft the batteries are to other services are to be provided with short circuit
be rated for five hour. protection.

18.6.3 A device(s) is to be installed for every 18.8.8 Protective devices are not to be fitted in any
insulated distribution system, whether primary or earthed line of a distribution system.
secondary, for power, heating and lighting circuits to
continuously monitor the insulation level to earth. 18.8.9 Circuit breakers and fuses are to have a
certified fault rating adequate for the installation and
18.7 Earthing are to comply with a National or International
Standard.
18.7.1 The requirements for earthing as given in
Section 1.11.1 and 1.11.2 are to be complied with. 18.9 Quality of power supplies

18.7.2 With wood and other non metallic hull 18.9.1 Unless specified otherwise electrical
constructions earthing connections are to be made to equipment, other than that supplied by battery
the general frame, engine, bed plate and earthing systems, is to operate satisfactorily with the
plate. Earthing connections are not to be made to following simultaneous variations, from their
hull sheathing, skin, fittings or plumbing. nominal value, when measured at the consumer
input terminals:
18.8 Protection
a) Voltage:
18.8.1 Installations are to be protected against over- Permanent variations + 6%, -10%
currents including short circuits. The tripping/fault Transient recovery +20%, -15%
clearance times of protective devices are to provide Recovery time 1.5 seconds.
complete and co-ordinated protection to ensure:
b) Frequency:
a) availability of services not affected by the faulty Permanent variations ±5% transient
circuit; Variation ±10%
b) elimination of the fault to reduce damage to the Recovery time 5 seconds.
system and hazard of fire.
18.9.2 Generator voltage regulators and engine
18.8.2 Short circuit protection and a means of governors are to be such as to ensure that the above
complete isolation is to be provided for each source supply variations are not exceeded.
of power.
18.10 Generators
18.8.3 Protection for battery circuits is to be
provided at a position external and adjacent to the 18.10.1 For crafts with service type notation ‘Cargo’
battery compartments; batteries used solely for or ‘Supply’, number and rating of generators is to be
engine starting may be provided with only a means in accordance with 18.10.2 to 18.10.4.
of isolation.

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18.10.2 The number and rating of electrical

generators are to be sufficient to provide for normal 18.11 Cables
seagoing loads even when one generator is out of
action. 18.11.1 Cables and cable installations are to be in
accordance with the requirements of Section 10.
18.10.3 If generators are intended to operate in
parallel there is to be appropriate protection and 18.12 Batteries
synchronising equipment.
18.12.1 Batteries and battery installations are to be
18.10.4 The generator(s) are to be sufficient to in accordance with the requirements of Section 11.
supply the normal loads.
18.13 Lightning conductors
18.10.5 If with one generator out of action the
remaining generator(s) is not capable of supplying 18.13.1 If fitted, lightning conductors are to comply
the circuits serving safety, essential lighting and with the requirements of 17.3.
communications equipment then an alternative
source of electrical power of five hour duration is to
be provided for these services.

Section 19

Trials

19.1 General insulation resistance between conductors and

between each conductor and earth of at least 1 MΩ.
19.1.1 Before a new installation, or any alteration or Circuits operating at less than 55V are to have an
addition to an existing installation, is put into service insulation resistance of at least 0.33 MΩ.
the tests and trials specified in this section are to be
carried out. These tests and trials are intended to 19.2.4 Switchboards, section boards and distribution
demonstrate the general condition of the installation boards : The insulation resistance is to be at least 1
at the time of completion. They are in addition to MΩ when measured between each busbar and earth
any acceptance tests which may have been carried and between busbars. This test may be made with all
out at the manufacturer’s works. circuit-breakers and switches open, all fuse links for
pilot lamps, earth fault-indicating lamps, voltmeters,
19.2 Insulation resistance measurement etc., removed and voltage coils temporarily
disconnected, where otherwise damage may result.
19.2.1 Insulation resistance is to be measured using
a self-contained instrument such as a direct reading 19.2.5 Generators and motors : The insulation
ohm-meter of the generator type applying a voltage resistance of generators and motors, in normal
of at least 500 V. Where a circuit incorporates working condition and with all parts in place, is to
capacitors of more than 2µF total capacitance, a be measured and recorded. The test should be
constant-voltage type instrument is to be used to carried out with the machine hot, if possible. The
ensure accurate test readings. insulation resistance of generator and motor cables,
field windings and control gear is to be at least 1
19.2.2 Power and light circuits : The insulation MΩ.
resistance between all insulated poles and earth and
where practicable, between poles, is to be at least 1 19.3 Earth continuity
MΩ. The installation may be subdivided and
appliances may be disconnected if initial tests 19.3.1 Tests are to be made to verify that all earth
produce results less than this figure. continuity conductors are effective and that the
bonding and earthing of metallic conduit and/or
19.2.3 Internal communication circuits : Circuits sheathing of cables is effective.
operating at 55 V and above are to have an

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19.4 Performance operated in parallel at all loads upto normal working

load. For alternating current generators satisfactory
19.4.1 It is to be established that the provisions of parallel operation and kVA load sharing of all
the Rules have been complied with respect to the generators capable of being operated in parallel at all
following: loads upto normal working load.

- Temperatures of joints, connections, circuit- 19.4.3 All essential motors and other important
breakers and fuses. equipment are to be operated under service
conditions, though not necessarily at full load or
- The operation of engine governors, simultaneously, for a sufficient length of time to
synchronising aids and devices, overspeed trips, demonstrate that they are satisfactory.
reverse-current, reverse-power, over-current and
under-voltage trips and other safety devices. 19.4.4 Normal and emergency lighting, heating and
various appliances (galley, pantry etc.) and
- Satisfactory commutation, excitation and corresponding electrical circuits are to be tested, as
performance of each generator throughout a run far as practicable, under normal working conditions.
at full rated load.
19.4.5 Operation of the emergency source of power
- Voltage regulation of every generator when full is to be checked. The working of any apparatus
rated load is suddenly thrown off. intended to be fed by this source is to be checked as
well as automatic change-over switches.
19.4.2 For alternating current and direct current
generators, satisfactory parallel operation and [kW]
load sharing of all generators capable of being

End Of Chapter

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