DESIGN

OF
CRITICAL BEAM
(B-1)
 2ND FLOOR BEAM FROM GRIDLINES 1-8 ALONG GRIDLINE C (B-1)

Solving for WUDL, Factored Weight for Uniform Dead Load:

WUDL1 = trapezoidal formula for load transferred to beam from slab
(𝐖𝐃𝐋𝟏 )(𝐒) (𝟑−𝐦𝟐 ) (𝐖𝐃𝐋𝟏′ )(𝐒) (𝟑−𝐦𝟐 )
WUDL1 = 1.2 (( (𝟑)
)( (𝟐)
) +( (𝟑)
)( (𝟐)
) + WBEAM)

(*Note: WUDL1=WUDL2=WUDL3=WUDL4=WUDL5=WUDL6=WUDL7)

where: WDL1 = weight of uniform dead load

WDL1′ = weight of uniform dead load
WBEAM= (area assumed) x concrete unit weight
= (0.3 m x 0.3 m ) x 23.5 kN/m3 = 2.12 kN/m
S= 5.8 m
5.8 m
𝑚 = 6 m = 0.97

Solve for 𝑊𝐷𝐿1 and 𝑊𝐷𝐿1′ :

(*Note: W DL1 = W DL1’ = W DL2 = W DL2’ = W DL3 = W DL3’ = W DL4 = W DL4′ = W DL5
=W DL5′ = W DL6 = W DL6′ = W DL7 = W DL7′)

For WDL1 and WDL1′ : (From Table 204, NSCP 2015)

Slab self-weight = 23.5 x 0.18 =4.23 kPa
Floor finish =1.1 kPa
Ceiling finish = 0.24 kPa
Mech Duct Allowance = 0.20 kPa
Miscellaneous load =1 kPa
𝐖𝐃𝐋𝟏 = 𝐖𝐃𝐋𝟏′ = 6.77 kPa

(WDL1 )(S) (3−m2 ) (WDL1′ )(S) (3−m2 )

WUDL1 = 1.2 (( (3)
)( (2)
) +( (3)
)( (2)
) + W BEAM)

(6.77 )(5.8) (3−(0.972 )) (6.77 )(5.8) (3−(0.972 ))

WUDL1 = 1.2 (( (3)
)( (2)
) +( (3)
)( (2)
) + 2.12)

WUDL1 = 34.89 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

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 2ND FLOOR BEAM FROM GRIDLINES 1-8 ALONG GRIDLINE C (B-1)

Solving for WULL, Factored Weight for Uniform Live Load:

WULL1 = trapezoidal formula for load transferred to beam from slab

(𝐖𝐋𝐋𝟏 )(𝐒) (𝟑−𝐦𝟐 ) (𝐖𝐋𝐋𝟏′ )(𝐒) (𝟑−𝐦𝟐 )
WULL1 = 1.6 (( (𝟑)
)( (𝟐)
) +( (𝟑)
)( (𝟐)
) )

(*Note: WULL1=WULL2=WULL3=WULL4=WULL5=WULL6=WULL7)

where: WLL1 = weight of uniform live load

WLL1′ = weight of uniform live load
S= 5.8 m
5.8 m
𝑚 = 6 m = 0.97

Solve for 𝑊𝐷𝐿1 and 𝑊𝐷𝐿1′ :

(*Note: W LL1 = W LL1’ = W LL2 = W LL2’ = W LL3 = W LL3’ = W LL4 = W LL4′ = W LL5
=W LL5′ = W LL6 = W LL6′ = W LL7 = W LL7′)

For WLL1 and WLL1′ :

(From Table 205-1, NSCP2015: Parking Garages and Ramps)

𝐖𝐋𝐋𝟏 = 𝐖𝐋𝐋𝟏′ = 4.8 kPa

(𝐖𝐋𝐋𝟏)(𝐒) (𝟑−𝐦𝟐 ) (𝐖𝐋𝐋𝟏′ )(𝐒) (𝟑−𝐦𝟐 )

WULL = 1.6 (( (𝟑)
)( (𝟐)
) +( (𝟑)
)( (𝟐)
) )
(4.8)(5.8) (3−0.972 ) (4.8)(5.8) (3−0.972 )
WULL1 = 1.6 (( (3)
)( (2)
) +( (3)
)( (2)
) );

WULL1 = 30.574 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

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Solving for Total Uniform Loads: 𝐖𝐮

𝐖𝐮 = 𝐖UDL + 𝐖𝐔LL

(*Note: W U1= W U2= W U3= W U4= W U5= W U6= WU7)

where: 𝐖UDL=factored uniform weight for dead load=34.89 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

𝐖𝐔LL= factored uniform weight for live load=30.574 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

WU1 = 34.89 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 + 30.574 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 = 65.464𝑘𝑁/𝑚

WU2 = 34.89 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 + 30.574 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 = 65.464𝑘𝑁/𝑚

WU3 = 34.89 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 + 30.574 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 = 65.464𝑘𝑁/𝑚

WU4 = 34.89 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 + 30.574 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 = 65.464𝑘𝑁/𝑚

WU5 = 34.89 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 + 30.574 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 = 65.464𝑘𝑁/𝑚

WU6 = 34.89 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 + 30.574 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 = 65.464𝑘𝑁/𝑚

WU7 = 34.89 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 + 30.574 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 = 65.464𝑘𝑁/𝑚

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 MOMENT DISTRIBUTION
METHOD FOR 2ND FLOOR
BEAM FROM GRIDLINES
1-8 ALONG GRIDLINE C

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FOR FIXED END MOMENTS:
𝑊𝑈1 𝐿2 (65.464)(5.8)2
𝑭𝑬𝑴𝑰𝑱 = − =− = −183.52 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑊𝑈1 𝐿2 (65.464)(5.8)2
𝑭𝑬𝑴𝑱𝑰 = = = 183.52 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑊𝑈2 𝐿2 (65.464)(5.8)2
𝑭𝑬𝑴𝑱𝑲 = − =− = −183.52 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑊𝑈2 𝐿2 (65.464)(5.8)2
𝑭𝑬𝑴𝑲𝑱 = = = 183.52 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑊𝑈3 𝐿2 (65.464)(5.8)2
𝑭𝑬𝑴𝑲𝑳 = − =− = −183.52 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑊𝑈3 𝐿2 (65.464)(5.8)2
𝑭𝑬𝑴𝑳𝑲 = = = 183.52 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑊𝑈4 𝐿2 (65.464)(5.8)2
𝑭𝑬𝑴𝑳𝑴 = − =− = −183.52 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑊𝑈4 𝐿2 (65.464)(5.8)2
𝑭𝑬𝑴𝑴𝑳 = = = 183.52 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑊𝑈5 𝐿2 (65.464)(5.8)2
𝑭𝑬𝑴𝑴𝑵 =− =− = −183.52 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑊𝑈5 𝐿2 (65.464)(5.8)2
𝑭𝑬𝑴𝑵𝑴 = = = 183.52 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑊𝑈6 𝐿2 (65.464)(5.8)2
𝑭𝑬𝑴𝑵𝑶 =− =− = −183.52 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑊𝑈6 𝐿2 (65.464)(5.8)2
𝑭𝑬𝑴𝑶𝑵 = = = 183.52 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑊𝑈7 𝐿2 (65.464)(5.8)2
𝑭𝑬𝑴𝑶𝑷 =− =− = −183.52 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑊𝑈7 𝐿2 (65.464)(5.8)2
𝑭𝑬𝑴𝑷𝑶 = = = 183.52 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12

Computation of stiffness factor (K)

Length Column = 4m

Length beam = 5.8m

LCM = 5.8, 4 = 12
𝐿𝐶𝑀
𝐾=
𝐿

12
KIJ = = 2.07
5.8

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KIJ = KJI = KJK = KKJ = KKL = KLK = KLM = KML = KMN = KNM = KNO = KON = KOP = KPO
12
KIJ = =3
4

KIA = KIQ = KJB = KJR = KKC = KKS = KLD = KLT = KME = KMU = KNF = KNV = KOG = KOW = KPH
= KPX

Computation Distribution Factor (DF)

DFIA = (KIA) / (KIA + KIQ + KIJ)
DFIA = (3) / (3 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.372

DFIQ = (KIQ) / (KIA + KIQ + KIJ)

DFIQ = (3) / (3 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.372

DFIJ = (KIQ) / (KIA + KIQ + KIJ)

DFIJ = (2.07) / (3 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.256

DFJI = (KJI) / (KJI + KJB + KJR + KJK)

DFJI = (2.07) / (2.07 + 3 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.204

DFJB = (KJB) / (KJI + KJB + KJR + KJK)

DFJB = (3) / (2.07 + 3 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.296

DFJR = (KJR) / (KJI + KJB + KJR + KJK)

DFJR = (3) / (2.07 + 3 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.296

DFJK = (KJR) / (KJI + KJB + KJR + KJK)

DFJK = (2.07) / (2.07 + 3 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.204

DFKJ = (KKJ) / (KJI + KKC + KKS + KKL)

DFKJ = (2.07) / (2.07 + 3 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.204

DFKC = (KKC) / (KJI + KKC + KKS + KKL)

DFKC = (3) / (2.07 + 3 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.296

DFKS = (KKS) / (KJI + KKC + KKS + KKL)

DFKS = (3) / (2.07 + 3 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.296

DFKL = (KKL) / (KJI + KKC + KKS + KKL)

DFKL = (2.07) / (2.07 + 3 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.204

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DFLK = (KLK) / (KLK + KLD + KLT + KLM)
DFLK = (2.07) / (2.07 + 3 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.204

DFLD = (KLK) / (KLK + KLD + KLT + KLM)

DFLD = (3) / (2.07 + 3 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.296

DFLT = (KLK) / (KLK + KLD + KLT + KLM)

DFLT = (3) / (2.07 + 3 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.296

DFLM = (KLK) / (KLK + KLD + KLT + KLM)

DFLM= (2.07) / (2.07 + 3 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.204

DFML = (KML) / (KML + KME + KMU + KMN)

DFML = (2.07) / (2.07 + 3 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.204

DFME = (KME) / (KML + KME + KMU + KMN)

DFME = (3) / (2.07 + 3 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.296

DFMU = (KML) / (KML + KME + KMU + KMN)

DFMU = (3) / (2.07 + 3 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.296

DFMN = (KML) / (KML + KME + KMU + KMN)

DFMN= (2.07) / (2.07 + 3 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.204

DFNM = (KNM) / (KNM + KNF + KNV + KNO)

DFNM = (2.07) / (2.07 + 3 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.204

DFNF = (KNM) / (KNM + KNF + KNV + KNO)

DFNF = (3) / (2.07 + 3 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.296

DFNV = (KNM) / (KNM + KNF + KNV + KNO)

DFNV = (3) / (2.07 + 3 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.296

DFNO = (KNM) / (KNM + KNF + KNV + KNO)

DFNO = (2.07) / (2.07 + 3 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.204

DFON = (KON) / (KON + KOG + KOW + KOP)

DFON = (2.07) / (2.07 + 3 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.204

DFOG = (KON) / (KON + KOG + KOW + KOP)

DFOG = (3) / (2.07 + 3 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.296

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DFOW = (KON) / (KON + KOG + KOW + KOP)
DFOW = (3) / (2.07 + 3 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.296

DFOP = (KON) / (KON + KOG + KOW + KOP)

DFOP = (2.07) / (2.07 + 3 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.204

DFPO = (KPO) / (KPO + KPH + KPX)

DFPO = (2.07) / (2.07 + 3 + 3) = 0.256

DFPH = (KPO) / (KPO + KPH + KPX)

DFPH = (3) / (2.07 + 3 + 3) = 0.372

DFPX = (KPO) / (KPO + KPH + KPX)

DFPX = (3) / (2.07+ 3 + 3) = 0.372

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Ultimate Moments, Mu

For END1 = 138.3 kN. m

For MIDSPAN = 105.73 kN. m
For END2 = 202.67 kN. m

At END1:
Mu = 138.3 kN. m
Mn1=nominal moment capacity at end1
Mu 138.3
=∅ = = 153.67 kN . m
0.9

Depth of beam, d=300 mm

Width of beam, b=300 mm
Use 40 mm cover
Use 10 mm vertical stirrups
Use 20 mm main bars

Effective depth, de :
∅ of main bars
de = d − concrete cover − ∅ of vertical stirrups −
2

where: d=depth of beam =300 mm

concrete cover = 40 mm
∅ of vertical stirrups =10 mm
∅ of main bars 20 𝑚𝑚
= 2 =10 mm
2
de = 300 − 40 − 10 – (20/2) = 240 mm

Maximum Steel Ratio; 𝜌max

′
𝜌max =(0.75)(0.85)βf
fy(600+fy)
c600

Where: 𝑓′𝑐 = 28𝑀𝑃𝑎 ∴ 𝛽 = 0.85

𝑓𝑦 = 420𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝜌max = (0.75)(0.85)(0.85)(28)600
420(600+420)
𝜌max = 0.02125

Area of steel; As1

As1 = 𝜌max bde

As1 = (0.02125) (300) (240)
As1 == 1530mm2

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Wherein,
Compressive force = Tensile Force
0.85f’c a b de = As fy de

𝐴𝑠𝑓𝑦𝑑𝑒
a = 0.85𝑓′𝑐𝑏𝑑𝑒

𝐴𝑠
𝜌max= 𝑏𝑑𝑒

𝛒 𝐦𝐚𝐱×𝐟𝐲×𝐝𝐞
a= 𝟎.𝟖𝟓𝒇′ 𝒄

0.02125(420)(240)
a= 0.85(28)

a = 90mm

Determining whether the beam is singly reinforced or doubly reinforced:

*Condition to satisfy: If Mn > Mn1 therefore Singly Reinforced
If Mn < Mn1 therefore Doubly Reinforced

where: Mn=nominal moment capacity for As1

Mu 138.3
Mn1= ∅ = 0.9 = 153.67 kN . m
*solve for the value of Mn:
𝒂
𝑴𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝒂 𝒃 𝒙 (𝒅𝒆 − )
𝟐

where: 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 = 28MPa
a = 90mm; 𝑓 ′ 𝑦 = 420MPa
b=300 mm ; de=240 mm

𝒂
𝑴𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝒂 𝒃 𝒙 (𝒅 − )
𝟐
0.09
𝑀𝑛 = 0.85(28𝑥106 )(0.09)(0.300)𝑥(0.240 − 2
)
𝑀𝑛 = 89.13 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

Since 𝑀𝑛 = 89.13 𝑘𝑁-𝑚 < Mn1=153.67 kN-m ∴the beam is doubly reinforced

*Solving for Excess Moment, Mn2

Mn2 = Mn1 – Mn
Mn2 = 153.67 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 – 89.13 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 = 64.54 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
*Solving for area of steel, As2
Mn2 = As2 fy (d- a/2)
𝑀𝑛2
As2 = 𝑎
𝑓𝑦(𝑑𝑒− )
2

64.54𝑥106
As2 = 90 = 788.03mm2
420(240− )
2

Page
Check if compression steel yields or doesn’t yield.
*Condition to satisfy: If Ey<Es’ therefore compression steel yield
If Ey>Es’ therefore compression steel doesn’t yield
*Solve for Ey :
Ey = fy/Es
= 420/200000
Ey = 0.00210

*Solving for Es′:

0.003 𝐸𝑠′
= 𝑎
𝑐 𝑐−2
𝑎 90𝑚𝑚
where: C = 𝛽1 = = 105.88mm
0.85

𝑎
(0.003)(𝑐− )
Es’ = 2
𝑐

(0.003)(105.88−45)
Es’ = = 0.00172
105.88

Es’ = 0.00172
Since Ey > Es’ therefore the compression steel doesn’t yield.

*Solving for As’

𝑀𝑛2
As’ = 𝑎
𝑓𝑠′(𝑑𝑒− )
2

𝐸𝑠′ 0.00172
where: fs’ = (𝑓𝑦) = (420)
𝐸𝑦 0.00210

fs’= 344 Mpa

64.54𝑥106
As’ = 90
344(240− )
2

As’ = 962.13 mm2

*Solving for As
As = As1 + As2
As = 1530 mm2 + 788.03mm2
As = 2318.03 mm2

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For compression reinforcement:
Using 20mm dia. Bars
No. of bars = As’ / Area of bar
where: As’=962.13 mm2
𝜋×202
Area of bar= 4
962.13
No. of bars = 𝜋202
= 3.06 say 4 bars
4

Use 4-20mm reinforcing bar

For tension reinforcement:

Using 20mm dia. Bars
No. of bars = As / Area of bar
where: As = 2318.03 mm2
𝜋×202
Area of bar= 4
2318.03
No. of =bars 𝜋202
= 7.38 say 8 bars
4

Use 8-20mm reinforcing bar

At Midspan:
Mu = 105.73 kN. m

Mn1=nominal moment capacity at midspan

Mu 105.73
=∅ = = 117.48 kN . m
0.9

Depth of beam, d=300 mm

Width of beam, b=300 mm
Use 40 mm cover
Use 10 mm vertical stirrups
Use 20 mm main bars

Effective depth, de :
∅ of main bars
de = d − concrete cover − ∅ of vertical stirrups − 2

where: d=depth of beam =300 mm

concrete cover = 40 mm
∅ of vertical stirrups =10 mm
∅ of main bars 20 𝑚𝑚
= 2 =10 mm
2

de = 300 − 40 − 10 – (20/2) = 240 mm

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Maximum Steel Ratio; 𝜌max
′
𝜌max =(0.75)(0.85)βf
fy(600+fy)
c600

Where: 𝑓′𝑐 = 28𝑀𝑃𝑎 ∴ 𝛽 = 0.85

𝑓𝑦 = 420𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝜌max = (0.75)(0.85)(0.85)(28)600
420(600+420)

𝜌max = 0.02125

Area of steel; As1

As1 = 𝜌max bde

As1 = (0.02125) (300) (240)
As1 == 1530mm2

Wherein,
Compressive force = Tensile Force
0.85f’c a b d = As fy d

𝐴𝑠𝑓𝑦𝑑
a = 0.85𝑓′𝑐𝑏𝑑

𝐴𝑠
𝜌max= 𝑏𝑑

𝛒 𝐦𝐚𝐱×𝐟𝐲×𝐝
a= 𝟎.𝟖𝟓𝒇′ 𝒄

0.02125(420)(240)
a= 0.85(28)

a = 90mm

Determining whether the beam is singly reinforced or doubly reinforced:

*Condition to satisfy: If Mn > Mn1 therefore Singly Reinforced
If Mn < Mn1 therefore Doubly Reinforced

where: Mn=nominal moment capacity for As1

Mu 138.3
Mn1= ∅ = 0.9 = 117.48 kN . m

*solve for the value of Mn:

𝒂
𝑴𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝒂 𝒃 𝒙 (𝒅 − 𝟐)

where: 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 = 28MPa
a = 90mm; 𝑓 ′ 𝑦 = 420MPa
b=300 mm ; de=240 mm

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 𝒂
𝑴𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝒂 𝒃 𝒙 (𝒅𝒆 − 𝟐)
0.09
𝑀𝑛 = 0.85(28𝑥106 )(0.09)(0.300)𝑥(0.240 − 2
)
𝑀𝑛 = 89.13 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

Since 𝑀𝑛 = 89.13 𝑘𝑁-𝑚 < Mn1=117.48 kN . m∴the beam is doubly reinforced

*Solving for Excess Moment, Mn2

Mn2 = Mn1 – Mn
Mn2 = 117.48 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 – 89.13 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 = 28.35 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
*Solving for area of steel, As2
Mn2 = As2 fy (d- a/2)
𝑀𝑛2
As2 = 𝑎
𝑓𝑦(𝑑𝑒− )
2

28.35 𝑥106
As2 = 90 = 346.15mm2
420(240− )
2

Check if compression steel yields or doesn’t yield.

*Condition to satisfy: If Ey<Es’ therefore compression steel yield
If Ey>Es’ therefore compression steel doesn’t yield
*Solve for Ey :
Ey = fy/Es
= 420/200000
Ey = 0.00210

*Solving for Es′:

0.003 𝐸𝑠′
= 𝑎
𝑐 𝑐−2
𝑎 90𝑚𝑚
where: C = = = 105.88mm
𝛽1 0.85

𝑎
(0.003)(𝑐− )
Es’ = 2
𝑐

(0.003)(105.88−45)
Es’ = = 0.00172
105.88

Es’ = 0.00172
Since Ey > Es’ therefore the compression steel doesn’t yield.

Page
 *Solving for As’
𝑀𝑛2
As’ = 𝑎
𝑓𝑠′(𝑑𝑒− )
2

𝐸𝑠′ 0.00172
where: fs’ = (𝑓𝑦) = (420)
𝐸𝑦 0.00210

fs’= 344 Mpa

28.35𝑥106
As’ = 90
344(240− )
2

As’ = 422.63 mm2

*Solving for As
As = As1 + As2
As = 1530 mm2 + 346.15 mm2
As = 1876.15 mm2

For compression reinforcement:

Using 20mm dia. Bars
No. of bars = As’ / Area of bar
422.63
No. of bars = 𝜋202
= 1.35 say 2 bars
4

Use 2-20mm reinforcing bar

For tension reinforcement:

Using 20mm dia. Bars
No. of bars = As / Area of bar
1876.15
No. of =bars 𝜋202
= 5.97 say 6 bars
4

Use 6-20mm reinforcing bar

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At END2:
Mu = 202.67 kN. m
Mn1=nominal moment capacity at end 2
Mu 202.67
=∅ = = 225.19 kN . m
0.9

Depth of beam, d=300 mm

Width of beam, b=300 mm
Use 40 mm cover
Use 10 mm vertical stirrups
Use 20 mm main bars

Effective depth, de :
∅ of main bars
de = d − concrete cover − ∅ of vertical stirrups − 2

where: d=depth of beam =300 mm

concrete cover = 40 mm
∅ of vertical stirrups =10 mm
∅ of main bars 20 𝑚𝑚
= 2 =10 mm
2

de = 300 − 40 − 10 – (20/2) = 240 mm

Maximum Steel Ratio; 𝜌max

′
𝜌max =(0.75)(0.85)βf
fy(600+fy)
c600

Where: 𝑓′𝑐 = 28𝑀𝑃𝑎 ∴ 𝛽 = 0.85

𝑓𝑦 = 420𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝜌max = (0.75)(0.85)(0.85)(28)600
420(600+420)
𝜌max = 0.02125

Area of steel; As1

As1 = 𝜌max bde

As1 = (0.02125) (300) (240)
As1 == 1530mm2

Wherein,
Compressive force = Tensile Force
0.85f’c a b d = As fy d

𝐴𝑠𝑓𝑦𝑑
a = 0.85𝑓′𝑐𝑏𝑑

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 𝐴𝑠
𝜌max=
𝑏𝑑

𝛒 𝐦𝐚𝐱×𝐟𝐲×𝐝
a= 𝟎.𝟖𝟓𝒇′ 𝒄

0.02125(420)(240)
a= 0.85(28)

a = 90mm

Determining whether the beam is singly reinforced or doubly reinforced:

*Condition to satisfy: If Mn > Mn1 therefore Singly Reinforced
If Mn < Mn1 therefore Doubly Reinforced

where: Mn=nominal moment capacity for As1

Mu 202.67
Mn1= ∅ = 0.9 = 225.19 kN . m

*solve for the value of Mn:

𝒂
𝑴𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝒂 𝒃 𝒙 (𝒅 − 𝟐)

where: 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 = 28MPa
a = 90mm; 𝑓 ′ 𝑦 = 420MPa
b=300 mm ; de=240 mm

𝒂
𝑴𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝒂 𝒃 𝒙 (𝒅𝒆 − )
𝟐
0.09
𝑀𝑛 = 0.85(28𝑥106 )(0.09)(0.300)𝑥(0.240 − 2
)
𝑀𝑛 = 89.13 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

Since 𝑀𝑛 = 89.13 𝑘𝑁-𝑚 < Mn1=225.19 kN . m ∴the beam is doubly reinforced

*Solving for Excess Moment, Mn2

Mn2 = Mn1 – Mn
Mn2 = 225.19 kN . m – 89.13 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 = 136.06 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
*Solving for area of steel, As2
Mn2 = As2 fy (d- a/2)
𝑀𝑛2
As2 = 𝑎
𝑓𝑦(𝑑𝑒− )
2

136.06𝑥106
As2 = 90 = 1661.29 mm2
420(240− )
2

Check if compression steel yields or doesn’t yield.

*Condition to satisfy: If Ey<Es’ therefore compression steel yield
If Ey>Es’ therefore compression steel doesn’t yield

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*Solve for Ey :
Ey = fy/Es
= 420/200000
Ey = 0.00210

*Solving for Es′:

0.003 𝐸𝑠′
= 𝑎
𝑐 𝑐−2
𝑎 90𝑚𝑚
where: C = 𝛽1 = = 105.88mm
0.85

𝑎
(0.003)(𝑐− )
Es’ = 2
𝑐

(0.003)(105.88−45)
Es’ = = 0.00172
105.88

Es’ = 0.00172
Since Ey > Es’ therefore the compression steel doesn’t yield.

*Solving for As’

𝑀𝑛2
As’ = 𝑎
𝑓𝑠′(𝑑𝑒− )
2

𝐸𝑠′ 0.00172
where: fs’ = (𝑓𝑦) = (420)
𝐸𝑦 0.00210

fs’= 344 Mpa

136.06𝑥106
As’ = 90
344(240− )
2

As’ = 2028.32 mm2

*Solving for As
As = As1 + As2
As = 1530 mm2 + 1661.29mm2
As = 3191.29 mm2

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For compression reinforcement:
Using 20mm dia. Bars
No. of bars = As’ / Area of bar
2028.32
No. of bars = 𝜋202
= 6.46 say 7 bars
4

Use 7-20mm reinforcing bar

For tension reinforcement:

Using 20mm dia. Bars
No. of bars = As / Area of bar
3191.29
No. of =bars 𝜋202
= 9.95 say 10 bars
4

Use 10-20mm reinforcing bar

STIRRUPS OR WEB REINFORCEMENTS

Bar diameter = 10mm
For bar Spacing, S: whichever is smaller of the following:
Vd = 201 kN

𝑉𝑑
Vn = 𝑏𝑑𝑒
201
Vn = (0.300)(0.240) = 2791.67 kN/m2

Vc = 0.09 √𝑓′𝑐
Vc = 0.09 √28𝑥10^3 = 15.06 kN/m2

Vs = Vn – Vc
Vs = 2791.67 - 15.06 kN/m2
Vs = 2776.61 kN/m2
𝜋 𝑑2 𝜋 (0.010)2
Av = 2(Area of 10mm bar ) = 2 ( ) =2 ( ) = 0.000157m2
4 4

𝐴𝑣𝑓𝑠
S1 = 𝑉𝑠𝑏
(0.000157)(420x106)
S1 = = 0.078 or 80mm
(2.78x106)(0.300)
𝑑𝑒 0.240
S2 = 2 = 2 = 0.120 or 120mm
Therefore, S = 80mm

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Length to be provided with web reinforcement/ stirrups of spacing (whichever
length is longest)
Given that allowable bond stress = 2420kPa

𝐿𝑉𝑠 5.8(2.78)
L1 = 2𝑉𝑛 = = 2.89 or 3m
2(2.79)

𝐿 𝑉𝑠 5.8 2.78
a = (2 − 𝑑𝑒) 𝑉𝑛 = ( 2 − 0.240) 2.79 = 2.65m

L’ = d + a + d = 0.240 + 2.75 + 0.240 = 3.2 m

Therefore, L2= 3.2m or 3200mm

𝐿′ 3200
# of spaces = = = say 40 spaces
𝑆 80
𝐿′ 3200
# of stirrups = +1= + 1 = say 41 stirrups
𝑆 80

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 ROOF BEAM FROM GRIDLINES 1-8 ALONG GRIDLINE C

Solving for WUDL, Factored Weight for Uniform Dead Load:

WUDL1 = trapezoidal formula for load transferred to beam from slab
(𝐖𝐃𝐋𝟏 )(𝐒) (𝟑−𝐦𝟐 ) (𝐖𝐃𝐋𝟏′ )(𝐒) (𝟑−𝐦𝟐 )
WUDL1 = 1.2 (( (𝟑)
)( (𝟐)
) +( (𝟑)
)( (𝟐)
) + WBEAM)

(*Note: WUDL1=WUDL2=WUDL3=WUDL4=WUDL5=WUDL6=WUDL7)

where: WDL1 = weight of uniform dead load

WDL1′ = weight of uniform dead load
WBEAM= (area assumed) x concrete unit weight
= (0.25 m x 0.3 m ) x 23.5 kN/m3 = 1.76 kN/m
S= 5.8 m
5.8 m
𝑚 = 6 m = 0.97

Solve for 𝑊𝐷𝐿1 and 𝑊𝐷𝐿1′ :

(*Note: W DL1 = W DL1’ = W DL2 = W DL2’ = W DL3 = W DL3’ = W DL4 = W DL4′ = W DL5
=W DL5′ = W DL6 = W DL6′ = W DL7 = W DL7′)

For WDL1 and WDL1′ : (From Table 204, NSCP 2015)

Slab self-weight = 23.5 x 0.18 =4.23 kPa
Floor finish =1.1 kPa
Ceiling finish = 0.24 kPa
Mech Duct Allowance = 0.20 kPa
Miscellaneous load =1 kPa
𝐖𝐃𝐋𝟏 = 𝐖𝐃𝐋𝟏′ = 6.77 kPa

(WDL1 )(S) (3−m2 ) (WDL1′ )(S) (3−m2 )

WUDL1 = 1.2 (( (3)
)( (2)
) +( (3)
)( (2)
) + W BEAM)

(6.77 )(5.8) (3−(0.972 )) (6.77 )(5.8) (3−(0.972 ))

WUDL1 = 1.2 (( (3)
)( (2)
) +( (3)
)( (2)
) + 1.76 kN/m)

WUDL1 = 34.45 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

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Solving for Total Uniform Loads: 𝐖𝐮

𝐖𝐮 = 𝐖UDL

(*Note: W U1= W U2= W U3= W U4= W U5= W U6= WU7)

where: 𝐖UDL=factored uniform weight for dead load=34.45 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

W U1 = 34.45 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

W U2 = 34.45 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

W U3 = 34.45 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

W U4 = 34.45 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

W U5 = 34.45 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

W U6 = 34.45 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

W U7 = 34.45 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

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MOMENT DISTRIBUTION
METHOD FOR ROOF
BEAM FROM GRIDLINES
1-8 ALONG GRIDLINE C

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Computation for Fix end moments (FEM)
𝑊𝑈1 𝐿2 (34.45)(5.8)2
𝑭𝑬𝑴𝑰𝑱 = − =− = −96.57 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑊𝑈1 𝐿2 (34.45)(5.8)2
𝑭𝑬𝑴𝑱𝑰 = = = 96.57 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑊𝑈2 𝐿2 (34.45)(5.8)2
𝑭𝑬𝑴𝑱𝑲 = − =− = −96.57 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑊𝑈2 𝐿2 (34.45)(5.8)2
𝑭𝑬𝑴𝑲𝑱 = = = 96.57 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑊𝑈3 𝐿2 (34.45)(5.8)2
𝑭𝑬𝑴𝑲𝑳 = − =− = −96.57 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑊𝑈3 𝐿2 (34.45)(5.8)2
𝑭𝑬𝑴𝑳𝑲 = = = 96.57 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑊𝑈4 𝐿2 (34.45)(5.8)2
𝑭𝑬𝑴𝑳𝑴 = − =− = −96.57 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑊𝑈4 𝐿2 (34.45)(5.8)2
𝑭𝑬𝑴𝑴𝑳 = = = 96.57 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑊𝑈5 𝐿2 (34.45)(5.8)2
𝑭𝑬𝑴𝑴𝑵 =− =− = −96.57 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑊𝑈5 𝐿2 (34.45)(5.8)2
𝑭𝑬𝑴𝑵𝑴 = = = 96.57 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑊𝑈6 𝐿2 (34.45)(5.8)2
𝑭𝑬𝑴𝑵𝑶 =− =− = −96.57 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑊𝑈6 𝐿2 (34.45)(5.8)2
𝑭𝑬𝑴𝑶𝑵 = = = 96.57 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑊𝑈7 𝐿2 (34.45)(5.8)2
𝑭𝑬𝑴𝑶𝑷 =− =− = −96.57 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑊𝑈7 𝐿2 (34.45)(5.8)2
𝑭𝑬𝑴𝑷𝑶 = = = 96.57 𝑘𝑁
12 12

Computation of stiffness factor (K)

Length Column = 4m
Length beam = 5.8m
LCM = 5.8, 4 = 12
𝐿𝐶𝑀
𝐾=
𝐿
12
KIJ = = 2.07
5.8

KIJ = KJI = KJK = KKJ = KKL = KLK = KLM = KML = KMN = KNM = KNO = KON = KOP = KPO
12
KIJ = =3
4

KIA = KJB = KKC = KLD = KME = KNF = KOG = KPH

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Computation Distribution Factor (DF)
DFIA = (KIA) / (KIA + KIJ)
DFIA = (3) / (3 + 2.07) = 0.592

DFIJ = (KIJ) / (KIA + KIJ)

DFIJ = (2.07) / (3 + 2.07) = 0.408

DFJI = (KJI) / (KJI + KJB + KJK)

DFJI = (2.07) / (2.07 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.289

DFJB = (KJB) / (KJI + KJB + KJK)

DFJB = (3) / (2.07 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.420

DFJK = (KJR) / (KJI + KJB + KJK)

DFJK = (2.07) / (2.07 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.289

DFKJ = (KKJ) / (KJI + KKC + KKL)

DFKJ = (2.07) / (2.07 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.289

DFKC = (KKC) / (KJI + KKC + KKL)

DFKC = (3) / (2.07 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.420

DFKL = (KKL) / (KJI + KKC + KKL)

DFKL = (2.07) / (2.07 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.289

DFLK = (KLK) / (KLK + KLD + KLM)

DFLK = (2.07) / (2.07 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.289

DFLD = (KLK) / (KLK + KLD + KLM)

DFLD = (3) / (2.07 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.420

DFLM = (KLK) / (KLK + KLD + KLM)

DFLM= (2.07) / (2.07 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.289

DFML = (KML) / (KML + KME + KMN)

DFML = (2.07) / (2.07 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.289

DFME = (KME) / (KML + KME + KMN)

DFME = (3) / (2.07 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.420

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DFMN = (KML) / (KML + KME + KMN)
DFMN= (2.07) / (2.07 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.289

DFNM = (KNM) / (KNM + KNF + KNO)

DFNM = (2.07) / (2.07 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.289

DFNF = (KNM) / (KNM + KNF + KNO)

DFNF = (3) / (2.07 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.420

DFNO = (KNM) / (KNM + KNF + KNO)

DFNO = (2.07) / (2.07 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.289

DFON = (KON) / (KON + KOG + KOP)

DFON = (2.07) / (2.07 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.289

DFOG = (KON) / (KON + KOG + KOP)

DFOG = (3) / (2.07 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.420

DFOP = (KON) / (KON + KOG + KOP)

DFOP = (2.07) / (2.07 + 3 + 2.07) = 0.289

DFPO = (KPO) / (KPO + KPH)

DFPO = (2.07) / (2.07 + 3) = 0.408

DFPH = (KPO) / (KPO + KPH)

DFPH = (3) / (2.07 + 3) = 0.592

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