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Classification of Fingerprint

Fingerprint classification involves grouping fingerprints in a consistent way so that different impressions of the same finger fall into the same group. This facilitates searching fingerprint databases. Sir Francis Galton conducted the first scientific study of fingerprint classification in the 1880s. Edward Henry later refined the system and introduced the concept of fingerprint "core" and "delta" points. The Henry Classification System involves primary, secondary, sub-secondary, major, final, and key divisions to categorize fingerprints based on patterns, ridge counts, and tracings. This system provides an efficient way to index and search large fingerprint databases.

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181 views

Classification of Fingerprint

Fingerprint classification involves grouping fingerprints in a consistent way so that different impressions of the same finger fall into the same group. This facilitates searching fingerprint databases. Sir Francis Galton conducted the first scientific study of fingerprint classification in the 1880s. Edward Henry later refined the system and introduced the concept of fingerprint "core" and "delta" points. The Henry Classification System involves primary, secondary, sub-secondary, major, final, and key divisions to categorize fingerprints based on patterns, ridge counts, and tracings. This system provides an efficient way to index and search large fingerprint databases.

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Girly Tongalog
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Fingerprint Classification is also known as 10 digit classification.

This

classification is used for maintaining record of each and every criminal. It is a

procedure in which fingerprints are grouped in a consistent and reliable way,

such that different impressions of a same finger fall into a same group.

Fingerprint classification, indexing, or retrieval techniques facilitate the

reduction of the search space. They can be viewed as a coarse-level pre-

matching process before further exact matching in an identification system. A

fingerprint recognition system captures a user’s fingerprint and compares it

with the information stored in a database to establish or to authenticate

his/her identity.

The first rigorous scientific study on fingerprint classification was made by Sir

Francis Galton in the late 1880s. Classification was introduced as a means of

indexing fingerprints to speed up the search in a database. Ten years late,

Edward Henry refined Galton’s work and introduced the concept of fingerprint

‘‘core’’ and ‘‘delta’’ points for fingerprint classification.

1. Primary Division

 The numerical values are assigned to each of the ten finger spaces.

 It is the classification formula in which we obtain the numerical value of

all whorls in the fingerprint cards. Wherever a whorl appears, it

assumes the value of the space in which it is found.

 The numerator is made up of the total sum of the values present in the

even numbered fingers (2 4 6 8 10) plus one.


 The denominator is made up of the total sum of the values present in

the odd numbered fingers (1 3 5 7 9) plus one.

2. Secondary Division

 It is the classification formula in which we determine the type of pattern

appearing on the index finger only. It is shown in the formula by capital

letters representing the basic types of patterns appearing in the index

fingers of each hand, that the right hand is being the NUMERATOR and

the left hand being the DENOMINATOR.

 The secondary is brought up to the classification line to the right of the

primary.

3. Sub-Secondary Division (Grouping of Loops and Whorls)

 It is the division in which we obtained the Ridge count of the Loop and

Ridge Tracing of the Whorl from Index, Middle and Ring Fingers.

 It subdivides large group of fingerprint having primary and secondary

classification.

4. Major Division

 The major is taken from the thumbs.

 Is placed just to the left of the primary in the classification formula.

When whorls appear in the thumbs the major division reflects the whorl

tracings just as the secondary does, used Inner, Meeting & Outer or I, M,

& O. But when loops appear in the thumbs, however, a table is used to

translate the ridge counts into the SMALL, MEDIUM & LARGE GROUPS,

designated by the letters S, M, L.


5. Final Division

 This is done by ridge counting the LOOPS and WHORLS from the two

little fingers. The result of the count (in number) will be exhibited in the

extreme right of the classification line. The ridge count of the right little

finger is the numerator while that of the little finger is the denominator.

Arches are represented by a dash (-) in the classification line.

 Note: Whorl patterns will be treated as ulnar loop.

6. Key Division

 Is obtained by counting the ridges of the first loop appearing on the

finger print card (beginning with the right thumb), exclusive of the little

fingers. The key is always placed to the extreme left of the numerator of

the classification formula. If all whorls appear on the finger print card,

the right thumb will be treated as a loop by counting the ridges.

 The key is always brought up above the classification line, regardless of

the finger used.

Fingerprint classification provides an important indexing mechanism for

automatic fingerprint identifications. This system reduces the effort

necessary to search large numbers of fingerprint

Wikipedia.org/ henry classification system

ASaid Maraikayar(2009) Encyclopedia of Biometrics

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