TYPE:INFORMATIVE REPORTNO:TE/ETRX

A Case Study

For

Digital Communication

SATELLIE LAUNCHER VEHICLE- PSLV AND GSLV

AMEY RANE (Roll No.13)

SONALI THALE (Roll No.15)

LOKMANYA TILAK COLLEGE OF

DATE-

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 INDEX
1) Introduction
1.1. Objective…………………………………………………………………………………3

1.2. Need……………………………………………………………………………………….

1.3. Application……………………………………………………………………………….4

2) Literature Survey…………………………………………6
3) Proposed Methodology
3.1. Block Diagram……………………………………………………………………………………7

4) SPECIFICATION
4.1.Technical specifications for PSLV………………………………………………………...8

4.2.Technical Specifications for GSLV………………………………………………………..9

5) CONCLUSION……………………………………………13
6) REFERENCES……………………………………………14

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1.INTRODUCTION
The Satellite Launch Vehicle, or SLV was a project started in the early 1970s by the Indian
Space Research Organisation to develop the technology needed to launch satellites. The project
was headed by APJ Abdul Kalam. SLV was intended to reach a height of400 kilometres (250
mi) and carry a payload of 40 kg (88lb).The first experimental flight of SLV-3, in August 1979,
was a failure. The first successful launch took place on 18 July, 1980.
It was a four-stage rocket with all solid-propellant motors.
The first launch of the SLV took place in Sriharikota on 10 August 1979. The fourth and final
launch of the SLV took place on 17 April 1983.

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1.1.Objective
According to ISRO, the Cartosat-2 series satellite launch is a follow-on mission with the primary
objective of providing high resolution scene specific spot imageries.
It carries panchromatic and multi-spectral cameras operating in Time Delay Integration mode
and is capable of delivering high resolution data.
As an observational satellite, Cartosat will beam high-quality images for cartographic, urban and
rural applications, coastal land use and regulation and utility management like road network
monitoring.

1.2.Need
Satellites are launched into space to do a specific job. The type of satellite that is launched to
monitor cloud patterns for a weather station will be different than a satellitelaunched to send
television signals for Sky TV. The satellite has to be designed specifically to fulfill its function.

1.3.APPLICATION
Satellites that are launched in to the orbit by using the rockets are called man-made satellites or
artificial satellites. Artificial satellites revolve around the earth because of the gravitational force
of attraction between the earth and satellites. Unlike the natural satellites (moon), artificial
satellites are used in various applications. The various applications of artificial satellites include:

1. Weather forecasting

2.Navigation

3. Astronomy

4. Satellite phone

5. Satellite television

6. Military satellite

7. Satellite internet

8. Satellite radio.

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1. Weather forecasting

Weather forecasting is the prediction of the future of weather. The satellites that are used to

predict the future of weather are called weather satellites. Weather satellites continuously

monitor the climate and weather conditions of earth. They use sensors called radiometers for

measuring the heat energy released from the earth surface. Weather satellites also predict the

most dangerous storms such as hurricanes.

2. Navigation

Generally, navigation refers to determining the geographical location of an object. The satellites

that are used to determine the geographic location of aircrafts, ships, cars, trains, or any other

object are called navigation satellites. GPS (Global Positioning System) is an example of

navigation system. It allows the user to determine their exact location at anywhere in the world.

3. Astronomy

Astronomy is the study of celestial objects such as stars, planets, galaxies, natural satellites,

comets, etc. The satellites that are used to study or observe the distant stars, galaxies, planets, etc.

are called astronomical satellites. They are mainly used to find the new stars, planets, and

galaxies. Hubble space telescope is an example of astronomical satellite. It captures the high-

resolution images of the distant stars, galaxies, planets etc.

4. Satellite phone

Satellite phone is a type of mobile phone that uses satellites instead of cell towers for

transmitting the signal or information over long distances.When a person makes a call from the

satellite phone, the signal is sent to the satellite. The satellite will receives that signal, processes

it, and redirects the signal back to the earth via a gateway. The gateway then send the signal or

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call to the destination by using the regular cellular and landline networks. The usage of satellite

phones is illegal in some countries like Cuba, North Korea, Burma, India, and Russia.

5. Satellite television

Satellite television or satellite TV is a wireless system that uses communication satellites to

deliver the television programs or television signals to the users or viewers.

TV or television mostly uses geostationary satellites because they look stationary from the earth.

Hence, the signal is easily transmitted. When the television signal is send to the satellite, it

receives the signal, amplifies it, and retransmit it back to the earth. The first satellite television

signal was send from Europe to North America by using the Telstar satellite.

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2.Literature Survey
A brief review of the existing literature on launch vehicles dynamic environment analysis,
structural vibration testing, design and analysis of vibration test fixtures, vibration test setup and
different types of qualification tests are presented in this chapter. Various areas covered include
the vibration test specifications generation, basic design concepts for test fixtures, material
characteristics, dynamic characteristics, vibration shakers and multi shakers operations. A brief
review is presented on the latest techniques to modify the dynamic behavior of the test fixtures,
advances in vibration testing and measurement are also reviewed in brief. 2.1 LAUNCH
VEHICLE DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS Launch vehicle subsystems during
transportation liftoff and its atmospheric ascend experiences fluctuating loads by jet noise as well
as aerodynamic noise . The acoustic loads generated by the exhaust jet of the 13 launch vehicle is
more at the liftoff because of the jet reflections on ground. During atmospheric ascend the
aerodynamic noise is generated by boundary layer turbulence, flow separation, shock wave
oscillation and its interaction with boundary layer . The Vibration due to aerodynamic noise
increases with dynamic pressure (q) and reaches the maximum level at q maximum. Author told
that nearly half of the failures observed during the flights of satellite launch vehicles are due to
mechanical vibration and shock. For success of launch, it is very essential to ensure that the
systems could survive the expected vibration environment of the vehicle. For simulation of
vibration environment, test specifications are necessarily realistic and adequate. If the equipment
operates smoothly during a test, there should be a very strong probability that it performs its
intended task correctly in the real environment. Hence, the specification must be at least as
severe as the real environment and also representative of the real environment . Generally at the
design stage and the initial development stage, existing standards like the Military Specifications
or Joint Service Specifications are used as guidelines for formulating the specifications [149].
MIL-STD-810F describes the procedures for test specifications formulations. The 14
specifications cause either an overtest or an undertest with regards to the overall spectrum. To
overcome this, it is essential to develop a correct specification using the telemetry data acquired
for a few flights [205] and from acoustic testing [69, 70]. The space launch vehicle is instrument

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3.BLOCK DIAGRAM

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4.SPECIFICATION
4.1.TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR PSLV

Payload to SSPO: 1,750 kg

PSLV earned its title 'the Workhorse of ISRO' through consistently delivering various satellites
to Low Earth Orbits, particularly the IRS series of satellites. It can take up to 1,750 kg of payload
to Sun-Synchronous Polar Orbits of 600 km altitude.

Payload to Sub GTO: 1,425 kg

Due to its unmatched reliability, PSLV has also been used to launch various satellites into
Geosynchronous and Geostationary orbits, like satellites from the IRNSS constellation.

Fourth Stage: PS4

The PS4 is the uppermost stage of PSLV, comprising of two Earth storable liquid engines.

Engine : 2 x PS-4

Fuel : MMH + MON

Max. Thrust : 7.6 x 2 kN

Third Stage: PS3

The third stage of PSLV is a solid rocket motor that provides the upper stages high thrust after
the atmospheric phase of the launch.

Fuel : HTPB

Max. Thrust : 240 kN

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 Engine : Vikas

Fuel : UDMH + N2O4

First Stage: PS1

PSLV uses the S139 solid rocket motor that is augmented by 6 solid strap-on boosters.

Engine : S139

Fuel : HTPB

Max. Thrust : 4800 kN

Strap-on Motors

PSLV uses 6 solid rocket strap-on motors to augment the thrust provided by the first stage in its
PSLV-G and PSLV-XL variants. However, strap-ons are not used in the core alone version
(PSLV-CA).

Fuel : HTPB

Max. Thrust : 719 kN

4.2.TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR GSLV

Payload to GTO: 2,500 kg

GSLV's primary payloads are INSAT class of communication satellites that operate from
Geostationary orbits and hence are placed in Geosynchronous Transfer Orbits by GSLV.
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Payload to LEO: 5,000 kg

Further, GSLV's capability of placing up to 5 tonnes in Low Earth Orbits broadens the scope of
payloads from heavy satellites to multiple smaller satellites.

Third Stage: CUS

Developed under the Cryogenic Upper Stage Project (CUSP), the CE-7.5 is India's first
cryogenic engine, developed by the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre. CE-7.5 has a staged
combustion operating cycle.

Fuel : LOX + LH2

Max. Thrust : 75 kN

Burn-time : 720 sec

Second Stage: GS2

One Vikas engine is used in the second stage of GSLV. The stage was derived from the PS2 of
PSLV where the Vikas engine has proved its reliability.

Engine : Vikas

Fuel : UDMH + N2O4

Max. Thrust : 800 kN

Burntime : 150 sec

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First Stage: GS1

The first stage of GSLV was also derived from the PSLV's PS1. The 138 tonne solid rocket
motor is augmented by 4 liquid strap-ons.

Engine : S139

Fuel : HTPB

Max. Thrust : 4700 kN

Burntime : 100 sec

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5.CONCLUSION
"With the vision of applyii^ space technology to the country's developmental needs, India started
its space programme in 1962. The triad of Homi Jahangir Bhaba, Vikram Sarabhai, and
Jawaharlal Nehru succeeded in this Herculean taskthoi^h both Homi Jahangir Bhaba and Vikram
Sarabhai were not in this world to witness the growth of the space programme. The triad,
especially Bhaba and Sarabhai, aimed at applying space technology to achieve the technological
leapfro^ing in vital areas of development such as communications, meteorology, and natural
resource management. The programme comprises the INSAT system for telecommunications,
broadcasting, and meteorological services and the IRS system for resources monitoring. It also
includes the development of PSLV for laxmching remote sensii^ satellites into polar oibits and
GSLV for launching communications and meteorological satellites into GTO. Indeed, there are
remarkable achievements in this programme. The successes can be briefly listed, here. The first
sounding rocket was laimched in 1963. The first Indian satellite

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6. REFERENCES

1. "Launch Vehicles". Department of Space, Government of India. Archived from the original on 1
February 2014. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
2. ^ Jump up to:a b "SLV". isro.gov.in. Retrieved 2015-09-05.
3. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e TS Subramanian. "Silver jubilee of the first successful SLV-3". Frontiline. Archived
from the original on 8 February 2018. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
4. Jump up^ "Rohini Technology Payload". Retrieved 28 December 2014.
5. Jump up^ "ISRO's Reusable Launch Vehicle to take off next week". The Hindu. Wayback Machine.
Archived from the original on 29 January 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2018.

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