spread it locally only!

· Jaundice is Uncommon in hepatic amoebiasis

1 – GIT & LIVER: · Whipple Ds ® Malab. + L.N. + Arthritis

· Crohn's Ds ® Granuloma – Transmural
· Clindamycin, digitalis, colchicin ® Diarrhea.
· Whipple Ds ® Tryphoryma whipplii org.
· No halotosis in ameobic liver abscess. · M/C extra intestinal comp. of U. colitis ®Arthritis
· Pemphigus & Steven-Johnson ® Attack Mucous · IBS ® Mucous diarrhea or pencil-like stool + Abd.
Memb. Distention
· Pyrosis = Heart Burn. · Rt. Colonic carcinoma = presented with Anemia
· Hyperthyroidism, Proctitis & IBS ®Hyper-defecation.
· M/C site of carcinoid tumor = Appendix
· Anxiety & rapid eating ® Aerophagia. · Crohn's Ds ® vit. B def. (common) , terminal ileum
· Ascites alb gradient > LL in CHF, cirrhosis, Bchair
· Cancer p ® duct adenocarcinoma
· Liver metastasis ® Obstructive jaundice · Itching with cholestasis ® Palms & Soles ( Common )
· Secretory Diarrhea occurs with ® Z. Ellison $, villous · ­ TLC ® Weil's Ds, Amoebic liver & toxic hepatitis
adenoma of rectum, & Cholera
· Gilbert $ ®s.bilirubin is High with Fasting
· Latent jaundice ® pernicious anemia, pul. Embolism,
& CHF · High Colored Stool (PALE) ® Obstructive Jaundice
· 60 ml bl. Is the minimum to cause melena. · Asterixis Disappear with hepatic come
· Barret’s Esoph. ® Columnar Metaplasia ® Cancer · Hepatic T.B ® usually Miliary TB
Esoph. · Brucella ® Hepatic Granuloma
· GERD is affectrd by position
· Tetracycline ® Fatty Liver
· NO heart burn with achalasia
· Cancer Gall Bladder ® Adenocarcinoma
· Cancer esoph. ® Common in lower 1/3
· Rapidly Shrinking Liver ®occur with ® F. liver failure
· Plummer Vinson $ ® Cancer Esoph. · Biliary Obstruction ® ¯ Urobilinogin
· H. pylori ® NOT ass. with Z. Ellison $ · Reye's $ ® Mitoch. Dysf. ® Brain Edema
· Esoph. Spasm ® pain mimic angina
· Viral hepatitis does NOT lead to meningitis
· NSAID induced ulcers treat by P.E. lila Mesoprostol · Viral hepatitis ®cryoglob. G. Barre $
· Milk Alkali $ ® ­ Ca & ­ Bicarb.
· M/C Finding in haemochromatosis is = Liver++
· Vit. B absorbed in terminal Ileum · Kayser f. ring ® copper in desment memb.
· Gasrtin secreted from Antral Mucosa
· Wilson Ds. ® Grimacing, chorea, parkinsonism
· Late Dumping $ ® Dizziness & Diaphoresis ( NO · Cong. Hepatic Fibrosis ® Pre-sinusiod P.H.
Hypot.)
· Congestive gastropathy ® TTT by Propranolol
· Mallory Wise $ ® In Alcoholics
· Most benign tumor of liver is ® Haemangioma
· Gastroparesis ttt by Cisapride & Dompridone
· Steroids aggravate NASH
· Intestinal pseudo obstruction ® Hypothyroidism,
scleroderma, & DM · PT = prognostic for liver functions
· Normal Fecal Fat < 6gm/24hs · Portal fibrosis ® P.H. ® Esoph. Varices ® Bleeding
· Colchicine, Sorbitol, theophylline = Diarrhea · Sago Spleen ® Amyloidosis
· Sickle cell anemia ® Hyposplenism · Morphine is CONTRA indicated in Biliary Colic
· D- Xylose test ® More reliable than fecal fat & breath · Mild Hepatic Enceph. Diag. by ® psychometry
test in diag. of Malab. $
· Esoph. Achalasia ® Absent of air bubbles
· Coeliac Ds. Is ttt ® Glutin Free Diet
· Survaillance of hepatoma ® AFP & Sonar
· Best Modality to diagnose Gall Stone ® SONAR
· CA in Tropical Spure ® Unknown
· Chronic Gastritis A ® Pernicious Anemia, ¯ HCL 2 - CHEST
· Hepatomegaly + ­ TLC + Eosinophilia ® Fasciola
· Pulmonary Edema ®Pink Frothy Sputum
· Metastasis Uncommon in Hepatoma
· Amorphic Breathing ® Open Pneumothorax
· Ascetic Fluid in Cirrhosis shows Specific Gravity <
1018 OR 1016 … ‫اﻻﺗﻧﯾن ﺻﺢ‬ · Hemoptysis + Depressed Nasal Bridges ® Wegner

· Biliary Cirrhosis ® there is Hepatomegaly · Low Voltage of ECG ® Hypothy. & Emphysema

· Mega colon is caused by ® Chagas Ds. – ch. · Impaired Diffusion in ® Sarciod. – Emphysema
Constipation – Hirschsprung Ds. · Caplan $ ® Pneumoconiosis + Rh. Ds.
· ERCP is used to remove bile duct stone · Post. Mediast. $ (neurofiroma)
· LVF does NOT lead to Ascites · Reliable symp. Of Pul. Embolism ® Dyspnea OR just
· Hepatorenal F. ® ¯ urinary Na hyperv.

· Liver Cirrhosis oR Ch. HBV OR HCV with ­Hb. = · Thymoma is ass. with ® Pure Red Cell Aplasia,
consider Hepatoma ® ask for AFP Mediast. $ & Myasthenia Gravis

· AST:ALT Ratio > 2:1 ® Alcoholic Hepatitis · Classic Skin lesion in Sarciodosis ® Lupus Pernio

· Tylosis ® Cancer Esophagus. · Earliest sign of clubbing ® ­Fluctuations in the nail

bed
· Jaundice + Biliary dill ® the next step = ERCP
· Cystic fibrosis ® Recurrent Chest inf.,
· 2ry Car. Of the liver should NOT have splenomegaly Diarrhea(malab.$) & Late DM
· Extrahepatic Cholestasis ® ass. with Palpable Gall · Primary TB may be Totally Asymptomatic
Bladder
· Even the selective B. Blockers are CONTRA indicated
· Acute LCF ® Cerebral Edema WITHOUT papilledema in B. asthma
· Cyanosis Of Hepatorenal $ in NOT Responding to O2 · Churchman spirals ® br. ath.
th.
· Pul. Embolism ® Type I Resp. Failure
· Hepatic Enceph. ® yawning, hiccough, chorea
· Acute Severe Asthma ® Type II Resp. F.
· Noctornal Epigastric pain is suggestive to Peptic Ulcer
· Contrast Enhanced Spiral CT is good for diagnosis of
· Volume Replacement with COLLOIDS is preferable Pul. Embolism.
than crystalloids in Bleeding
· Streptomycin MUST be AVOIDED totally in Pregnancy
· Perforation of PU is common with Duodenal Ulcer
· Low Dose Aspirin is CONTRAindicated in Gout, B.A., &
· Aphthus ulcers ass. with Crohn's Ds cerebral Hge.
· Abd. Distention, flatulence, Pellety stool ® IB$ · Mycoplasma pneumonia ® Fever & Malaise PRECEED
· Smoking is not ass. with ulcerative colitis Resp. Symp. With several days

· Toxic Dilatation of Colon ® Ulcerative Colitis · Severe Asthma NOT responding to TTT ® Suspect
Pneumothorax
· Rapid Wt. Loss ® Gall Stones
· Asbestosis does NOT ­ risk of pulmonary TB
· CT Abd. & Thyroid Scan = Unsafe with Pregnancy
· Pleural rub disappear with Pl. effusion
· Abd. Sonar can detect retroperitoneal L.N. & Pl.
effusion · Miliary TB ® Liver& Spleen++ & -ve Tuberculin Test

· Crohn's Ds. ® Diarrhea + Anemia + Bleeding (Malab. · TB may lead to ® Aspergell. – Amyloidosis –
$) + Palpable Mass In Rt. Iliac fossa Bronchiectasis.

· Z-Ellison $ ® Multiple PU + Malab. $ · Neurofibroma ® Mass in Post. Mediastinum

· Hemochromatosis ® DM NOT DI · Bronchial Adenoma ® Lobar emphysema, Recurrent

pneumonia
· Recurrent pneumothorax can be ttt by pleurodesis · ACE inhibitors are contraindicated in pregnancy
· Dull Traube's Area in ® Lt. side Pl. effusion · P bisferiens is best perceived in carotid arteries
branch
· Pneumococcal pneumonia ccc by ® sudden onset of
fever, rigors, & pleuritic pain · BB used in HF are carvedilol or bisoprolol
· Recurrent pul. Emboli ® P ++ ® Cor-pulmonal. · Eccentric dosage schedule in nitrate therapy prevent
nitrate tolerance
· COPD ® the airway obstruction is Partially Reversible
· Coarctat. Aorta ® pulsating at ! block
· IV drug abusers liable to TI

3 – CARDIO · MI or RT ventricle ® ­IVP , ¯BP

· Verapamil not used instead of BB in Hr . F
· Slow rising pulse (plateau pulse ) with AA · Accelerated hypert should not have papilledema.
· Pulsus alternanls occur with Rt or LVF · M/C type of shock is hypovolemic
· Lt. to Rt shunt does not ® central cyanosis · Myocardial infarction does not lead to AI but may
· Giant A wave in neck V with p ++ lead to MI

· Lt. parastr. heave = RV hypertophy · M/C ECG finding of pulm embolism (­HR) sinus tachy.

· P bisferiens occur with sever AI or combined AI and · VSD , PDA ( high risk of Endocarditis )
AS ( dominant AI ) · CHF ® ¯urinary Na , proteinuria
· Prominent V wave in neck V occurs in TI · Sildenafil is contraindicated with nitrates
· AS may lead to sudden death · ANP ,BNP are biomarkers of HF
· Short PR interval in ECG occur with WPW $ · Aggressive diuresis in Hr . F to remove all edema is
· Infective endocarditis in MS is uncommon wrong

· Malar flush occur MS , Myxedema , carcinoid $ · Cocain toxicity does not lead to AF

· Hill ‘s sign occur with AI · Nitrates in ISHD ® ¯preload ® ¯ cardiac work

· Elfin facies present with supravalv AS · Hemodialysis is not affection in disct toxicity

· ¯ ESR in congestive HF & polycythemia & in · HOCM is associated with Mitral .I

Afibrogenemia · Acute pulmo embolism ® S waves in lead I , Q wave in
· Fallot ‘s pathology is F4 + ASD lead III , inverted T in lead III ( S1 Q3 T3 ) pattern

· M/C cong HD is bicuspid aortic valve then VSD

· The 3 sign in CXR occur with coarct.
· Incidence of endocarditis is low in ASD 4 – NEURO
· Pulsus paradoxus occur in Tomponade , acute sever · Non projectile vomiting is not a symptom of ­ICT
asthma , constrict. Pericarditis
· Neck rigidity is found in meningitis , sub arach.,
· In HOCM vasodill eg ACE ,nitrates are # meningism , tetanus , hysteria
· Doxorubicin à cardiomyopathy · Monoplegia: lesion is mainly cortical
· Avoid trendelenberg position in LVF, pulm edema as · hypertonia occur with tetany , athetosis
it ® increase V.R ® PVC
· Rheumatoid disease also produce mononeuritis
· Canon wave in neck V is seen in complete . Hr . B multiplex
· Constrictive P uncommon to ® pulm edema · Intermittent bulbar palsy occur with M gravis
· Bornholm disease does not lead to Retrosternal chest · Ptosis occur with boyulism ,periodic Paralysis and
p. myasthenia gravis
· Syncope attack occur with VF , AS , HOCM · Fine tremors is not found in pack , cerebellar lesion as
wilson's D , it occurs with alcoholism · MEN1 ® Gastrinoma , pituitary tumor with hyperpara.
· Galasgo Coma scale assesses verbal , motor and eye · True bulbar palsy is associated with tongue
opening but not autonomis response fasciculation
· bilateral facial nerve palsy doesn’t include myopathy · Lateral spino-thalamic tract transmit the contralateral
light (crude) touch.
· Athetosis is lesion in Putamen
· PN, tabes D, syringomyelia ® loss of temdonrefl-ex.
· M/C cause of 6th nerve lesion is increase ICT
· Cerebellar lesion ® Dysmrtria.
· Inter-nuclear ophthalmoplegia result from lesion in
medial longitudinal bundle · Lf optic tract lesion or LF optic radiation ® RT H.H .
· Myopathy is best diagnosed by muscle biopsy · 3rd CN lesion ® absence of accommodation ref lex.
· Periodic muscle paralysis seen in decreased k or · Paralysis of 6th CN occurs with brain tumor causing ®
increased k and with normal k level ICT.
· Vibration sense is lost early in DM · Ptosis occurs with lesion in 3rd CN , sympath. chain or
lesion in levator palpebrae superiosis.
· Berry aneurysm may be associated with poly cystic kid
. , coarctication , ehler danlos $ · LMNL of 4th CN ® upward deviation of the eye on
attempted eyelid cLosure.
· Common migraine has no aura
· Pseudo-bulbar palsy ® dysarthria, dysphasia ,
· Apneustic breathing is common in lower pons
emotional instability and positid ,reflux.
· loss of corneal reflex occur early in Cerebello-pontine
· Motor V D ® faicnlation and wasting of the tong.
angle tumor
· Hypotension, Af may ® TIAs.
· in trochlear n . lesion pt complain of diplopia while
reading · Brain stem infarction ® pin point pupils, vestigo,
diplopia and headache.
· Nimodipine used in SAH to inhibit vasospasm
· Recovery follow stroke is mose poor if bemiplagia is
· Tensilon test improve mysethnia gravis
LF guided rather than right sided.
· Myopathy occurs with cush. Syndrome . hypo & hyper
· Spinal nenrofibcoma and gliomas ® paraplegics.
thyroid, & NOT in DM
· 5*th CN conveys genesal sensation (painotempe
· Migraine may lead to diplopia, parathesia . dyspepsia
,tontch) from ant 3/3 of the tomgne and also from ant 3/3
· Hiccough occurs with renal failure , hepatic of scape.
encephalopathy , diaphragmatic .pleurisy
· M/C cause of meningitis is viral or enclpholitis.
· Bromocriptine Is useful in ttt of parkinsonism ,
· vignala gomatosemsocy evoked potential used to
acromegaly infertility
diagnose MS.
· M/C cause of SAH is rupture of berry aneurysm
· Rt. sided incoordination ,et horner’s $,and loss of
· Todd's palsy occur after ( epileptic fit ) senation on Lf side of lfaa= Lateral Medullary 8 (post inf
cerebellar Ar. acclunsion)
· dilator pupillae is coupled by adrenergic fibers of
occulomotor
· M/C intracranial tumor is metastatic
· Herpex simplex encephalitis affects temporal lobe 5 - PSYCHIATRY
· no wasting of muscle in Eaton lambert syndrome
· Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) used in TTT of Acute
· M/C presentation in MS is optic neuritis ( unilateral ) mania, acute schizophrenia and severe depression..
· DM with diplopia mostly ocular n. lesion · Withdrawal of heroin ® rhinorrhea, diarrhea, pains.
· gentamycin should be avoided with M. gravis · There is insight in neurosis, Hallnicinat. e` psychosis
· G. Barre $ ® Spirometer is important in case of " ‫"ﻣدرك اﻧﮫ ﻣرﯾض‬
deterioration · Mania, schizo, Depr.,delirinm ® aggression.
· Acoustic neuroma ® unilateral deaf. , loss of corneal · No aggression in obsessive.
reflex and ipsi lateral ataxia
· Hepatic encephalopathy is a cause of delirium. · excess: restlessness , anxiety , psychosis , manic
mania.
· Compulsion is a repetitive, purposetnl stereotyped
actions. · Inadequate dose: hypothyroidism (fatigue,
depression, psychosis)
· +ve FH in schizophrenic. ® poor prognosis.
· Steroids ® euphoria , hypomania , fatigue or
· Hysterical Fit occnr in front of audience.
depression.
· Irreversible dementia (Multi infarct, Huntingot,
· Estrogen ® restlessness, euphoria.
ALZhaimer.
· Progesterone ® fatigue , irritability.
· Agoraphobin (fear of open spaces)
· Androgen ®restlessness , agitation , aggressiveness ,
· In Demenia (No clouded consciousness)
euphoria
· Cancer pancreas ® depressive sympt.
· Anticholinergic , antispasmodics, anti-histaminic, anti-
parkinsonism, atropine eye drops ® anticholinergic
psychosis
Medical diseases presented e` anxiety: (V.I )
· Reserpine ®nightmares
· Hypothyr . *Hyperpara *cushing * Addisson
· Diuretics(thiazides, furesamide) ® fatigue,
· phaeochromocyt. *Hypoglycenia *MV prolapse depression
· Angina.
· Methyl dopa ® depression, confusion, verbal memory
Medical diseases presented with depression-: impairment
· Hyperthyroidism *Cushing *Addison · Clonidine ® sedation, depression ,and antagonized by
TCA
· hyperpara *hypopara *pneumonia
· Withdrawal ® mania
· cancer pancreas *intrr cranial tumors
· Propranolol and other BBs ® fatigue, insomnia,
· *pernicious anemia. nightmares, depression, paranoia,
Medical diseases presented e` psychotic sympts:-(e.g · Verbal memory impairment, psychosis
hallucinat, delusions(?!
· Digitalis ®apathy, fatigue, depression, psychosis
· MS *Wilson’s *gle *intra cranial Tumor
· Quinidin, procainamide, lidocaine(lignocain) ®
· *perthy *psychomotor epilepsy *Huntington chorea confusion, delirium, depression
· Sympathomimetic ® restlessness, anxiety, panic,
Medical diseases presented with mania: irritability, insomnia

· Huntigton’s disease -Stroke -MS. · L-Dopa ® confusion ,delirium, anxiety,agitation,

hypomania, psychosis ,depression
· Viral encephalitis -Frontal degenerative diseases .
· Hypoglycemic ® restlessness, anxiety, disorientation
· Uremia. -Open heart surgery - Wilson
· Tetracycline ® emotional liability ,depression,
· Trauma -Post encephalitis - Vit confusion
B12
· INH ® euphoria, transient memory loss, agitation
· -Traumatic brain injury
· Antineoplastic ® depression
Drug induced psychiatric symptoms:
· Phenytoin: irritab , hallucination , psychotic sympt.
· Phenobarbital: confusion , over sedation.
· -NSAID : anxiety , nervousness , emotional lability.
PSYCHOSOMATIC
· Indomethacin: confusion , depression , hallucinations , DISORDERS
psychosis.
· Salicylates: (High dose) elation and euphoria. · Stress, psychological and social factors influence the
development
· Thyroxin therapy:
· And maintenance of medical disease.
· Mechanism: the renta tubules = Normally in urine
-Psychological mechanism: severe stress or chronic stress · ¯ C3 present in SLE and post infectious
glomerulonephritis and membrano-proliferative GN
-Physiological mechanism :
· Gold, lead and mercury may cause nephrotic$
· Activation of ANS(sympathatic and parasympathatic)
· Diabetic nephropathy ® hyper Na and retinopathy
· Release of hypothalasim factors and pituitary
initially ­ GFR and sometimes ¯ rennin
hormones
· No change in C4 in good pasture $
Examples:
a) CVS: hypertension. ISHD, hypotension, · Common presentation RCC is hematuria
exacerbation of CHF · Renal stones occurs in distal RTA and not in proximal
b) BS : br. Asthma, hay fever, hyperventilation $ renal tubular acidosis

c) GI : peptic ulcer, ulcerative colitis · ACEI are # in bilateral RAS and pregnancy, MS and AS

d) Musclo-skeletal : RA, tension headache, migraine, · Tubular proteinuria is assisted by measuring B2 μ

torticollis globulin

e) Geneto-urinary : dyspareunia, fragidity, · Loss of cortico medullary differentiation of kidney

menstrual disorders, in sonar favorable of diagnosis of CRF

· pseudocyesis(‫)ﺣﻣل ﻛﺎذب‬ · Pre renal azotemia® urine Na < 20 mmol/l with

specific gravity > 1018
· Impotence,premature
ejaculation · M/C organism cause pyelonephritis is E.coli

f) Endocrine: exacerbation of DM and · Urethral $ ® no bacteria in urine

hyperthyrodism · Peritoneal dialysis causes peritonitis and atelectosis
g) Skin: exacerbation of psoriasis, urticarial, pruritis, and hypoprotenemia with no hypoglycemia
neurodermatitis(eczema) · interstitial nephritis ® ­K
h) Malignancy:stress afeect immune system · Memberano-proliferative GN ® not respond to
influences malignancy develop steroid therapy
· TTT the medical condition and psychological · Uremic pericarditis is absolute indication for dialysis
symptoms
· Stage 5 CKD ® GFR < 15 ml/minute
· Sarciodosis and hyperparathyroidism and milk alkali $
cause hypercalsuria
6 – NEPHRO · rugger jersey appearance of spine is seen in CRF

· Broadcast are found in CRF · I and A nephropathy commonly presented with

hematuria
· Frothy odor in urine found in DKA
· heavy proteinuria and hematuria and lion pain
· Oliguria is<400 ml/24hrs suggestive renal vein thrombosis
· Fatty cast is found in nephrotic $ · WBCs cast in urine occurs in interstitial and
· Uremia does not need to myelopathy pyelonephritis

· Interstitial nephritis and GN and renal TB cause · renal vein thrombosis seen in amyliodosis and
sterile pyurea membranous glomerulonephritis

· Acute GN not ch.ch by heavy proteinuria · Sub-epithelial hump present in post infectious
glomerulonephritis
· Anuria is found in diffuse cortical necrosis
· M/C cause of hypokalemic alkalosis is diuretic
· Microscopic hematuria does not cause reddish urine
· Sickle cell anemia ® nephrogenic DI
· radiolucent stone is found in uric acid stone
· analgesic nephropathy causes TIN and papillary necrosis
· Isothinurea is present in CRF
· MM causes ­ Ca uric acid bone defect monoclonal
· Tomm-hotsfall protein is a muco-protein secreted by hyper gamma and Na and ALP. The tubular damage by
light chain · Thyroid acropathy is found in grave`s dis.
· Hematuria few days after he onset of sore throat · Cushing $ causes hersiutism , purple stria & acne
suggestive to IgA nephropathy
· Hypocalcemia is caused by CRF & acute pancreatitis
· Cyclosporine ® Hypertrichosis
· Gynicomastia is caused by spironolactone , digitalis &
· Villous adenoma of colon ® diarrehea ® ¯K sinetidine
· saturnine gout Is caused by lead nephropathy · 1ry hyperaldosteronism ® ­Na , ¯ k ,alkalosis with no
edema
· phosphate level is normal in Paget's Ds.
· Tetany causes trousseau sign & Erb`s sign & peroneal
· ERYTHRO PIOTEN THERAPY ® HYPERTENSION
sign
· Isolated Hemat. With normal shaped RBCs ® NO
· hyper pigmentation occurs with Addison &
need for renal Boipsy
hemochromatosis & bronchogenic carcinoma. (ectopic
· In UTI, bacteria coated with antibody on urine ® ACTH )
UPPER UTI
· hyper PTH ® nephro calcinosis & pseudo goat & acute
· Patients liable to contrast nephropathy are ® pancreatitis
Diabetic nephropathy, Renal Impairment, Multiple
· medullary carcinoma of thyroid causes increase
Myeloma, pts on ACE I OR ARBs
calcetonin * carcenoid $ cervical lymph nodes ++
· 70% of total body water is Intracellular
· malignant hyper calcemia is ttt by bisphosphate &
· High K+ ® Peaked T-wave & V.F & parasthesia calcitonin
· Starvation Ketosis ® ­ anion gap M.Acidosis · Plummer`s nail present with grave`s dis.
· IEC, Renal Infarction ® Microhematuria · triad of hypo na , low plasma osmolarity , hypertonic
urine to plasma suggest SIADH( unlike DI )
· UTI, Prolonged immobilization, RTA, Sarcoidosis ®
Renal Stones · heal pad thickness for male accromegaly > 21 mm
· Poly-cystic Kidney ass. with Cysts in liver, pancreas, · Froehlich’s $ cause mental retardation , trunkal obesity
Aortic aneurism, Mitral incompetence, & berry aneurysms ,DI
· Chronic Pyeloneph. Occur with abnormal anatomy of · 3ry HPT occur with CRF
the kidney
· VMA ­ in urine in pheochromocytoma (­Ca++ with
· Metformine should be avoided in R.F. CRF )
· Amyloidosis cause CRF with enlarged Kidney Size · Osmo-receptors are present in ant hypo th
· Psychogenic polydepsia ® ¯Na+ · Smogyi ph ® insulin should be reduced
· Pernicious anemia may associate hypothyroidism
· Orlistat is used to ttt obeisty.
7 – ENDOCRINE · Prolonged Iodine inj causes goiter ( wolf draikoff
effect )
· Hypoglycemia doesn`t cause tachypnia. · Stress ® ­growth H , adrinaline , cortizole
· IHD is not included metabolic $ X but this pt liable to · Cushing $ ® depigmentation & doesn`t cause sexual
IHD precocity
· M/C DM coma is hypoglycemic coma · Hyper-calcemia cause constipation , renal stones
· Myxedema ® bradylalia & deaf ,poly urea , short QT interval
· Hyperglycemia may result from glycogan storage dis. – · hypo pituitrism infemale cause amenorehea
glactosemia-post gasterectomy. · Necrobyosis lipodica diapetic = not painful + central
· grave`s dis. Is associated with myathiya & not depression + raised irregular margin
associated with brisk tendon jerk · M/C manifestation of MEN1 is Hyperpara.
· M/C cause of unilat. Exophthalmos ® thyrotoxicosis · pheochromocytoma may cause Wt. Loss
· Myxedema ® maller flash solid oedema · Insulin Action ® ( + ) of tyrosine kynase
· Pruritis vulveae suggestive to DM · Sickle cell anemia ® pneumococal & influ vaccine
· Diagnosis of Auto Imm. Thyroiditis by thyroid · ¯ protein C & S & ATII ® thrombosis
peroxidase Antibody
· Fragmented RBCs occur in DIC, TIP, malign. H, HU$
· Dompredone ® Galactorrhea
· AML (M3) ® DIC
· Cushing $ ® Vertebral Collapse
· EVH ® ­ heamosedrine
· A-V nipping in fundus Ex. ® Hyperthyriodism
· Philadelphia CML if –ve ® bad prog
· Thiazolidinediones enhance insulin action
· acute rods ® AML
· Adrenal Crisis TTT by Hydrocortison rather than
· Serum vit B12 ® ­in CML
dexamethasone – Ch. Adrenal failure by prednisolone.
· Iron overload occurs in chr heamolysis& alcoholic &
· 2ry DM caused by thiazide, thyrotoxicosis,
aplastic anemia
haemochrom., thyrotoxicosis. Pancreatic carcinoma
· Basophilia occur in polycth.v, CML, myelofibrosis ,esnl
· DM may be presented by epigastric pain, vomiting,
thrmb
hyporeflexia, deep sensory loss
· Myeloplastic $ persistent wt refractory anm,
· Acromegaly ® Bitemporal Hemianopia
brefractory anm wt
· 1ry Heper-PTH ® Hyper calcuria & hyper-phosphaturia
· Ring sidroblasts &excess blasts
+ ­ ALP. + Bone involve.
· Basoph.stippling ® chr lead poisoning
· Cushing Ds. ® Basophilic Adenoma
· ­ PT, PTT,Bl. Tendency ® platelets defect (count, func(
· Acromegaly ® Acidophilic Adenoma
· Hyper-splenism ® pancytop,hyper. BM
· Most cases of thyrotoxicosis are dt. Grave's Ds.
· Worm Ab med. Heam.(SLE,Lymphoma(
· Amiodarone ® hyper or hypothytoidism
· sickle cell anemia ® nephropathy isothemucin
· Thyrotoxicosis does NOT lead to P.N.
· Cooley’s in thalass major
· Osteitis Fibrosa Cycstica occurs with 2ry oR 3ry
hyperparath. · hereditary spherocytosis may ® increase MCHC
· 1ry Hyper-PTH may be ass. with RTA & Nephrogenic DI · Polycth.v ® increase RBCs,WBCs,Platetes
· Severe addisson's & Bone metastasis = Increase Ca+ · Acanthosis wt DM,Malig
· ACTH ® (+) Adrenal Androgens & Cortisol · Polycth.v can ttt by phelibotomy
· Steroid therapy cause ® Hypert. DM , Insomnia & · Sickle cell anemia ® acut pap necrosis
Avascular Bone Necrosis
· serum B2 μ globulin is best prog MM
· In Cohn's $ ® NO Edema
· Waldenstrom D ® HTN, Hyper-viscosity $, No renal
· Connes ® Myopathy dt. Decrease K+ failure
· Insulin stimulation test is # in Epilepsy & IHD · MM no LN ++or spleen++
· Pheochromocytoma may be ass. with hypercalcemia. · HAMS Test is +ve in v.vectonmal H
· G6PD ® False shortly after heamolysis
· MM , Lymphoma & myelodysplasia ® cannot
8 - HEMATOLOGY diagnosed by peripheral blood picture CBC
· Gaisbooks $ ® Stress induced polycythemia
· TIP dose not lead to splenomegaly · Polycythemia rubra vera ® low Erythropoietin
· Huge spleen d.t 1)B 2)Malaria 3)Kala Azar 4)chr myliod · Hairy cell leukemia , Lymphoma & CML ® treated by
leuk alpha inerferone
· Folic acid metabolism affected by pyrimethamine · VWF ® released from Endothelium and platelets ®
· Megalo-blastic anemia occurs in malabs$ Carries factor VIII ® Adhesion of platelets ® TTT by
Vasopressin analogue
· Heinz bodies in RBCs persistent in G6PD
· Iron absorption ® duodenum and Jejunum enthesopathy & not mononeuritis multiplex.
· Myelodysplasia ® Macrocytosis · Fibromyalagia dosen't ↑ CPK (CK.(
· Acute attack of Hemolysis ® Macrocytosis · Still's D ® -ve RH .F by Rose Waaler or Latex tests.
(reticulocytosis)
· Bouchard's node occurs in osteoarthiritis in PIJ , but
· Cryoglobulinemia ® Arthralgia + Vasculitis + Renal Heberden's nodule in DIJ.
involvement
· Pseudo gout ( deposition of ca pyrophosphate)
· AT III deficiency ® heparin Resistance
· Rheumatoid doesn't cause Ant. Uveitis.
· IVH ® G6PD + PNH + AIHA (cold)+ Mechanical
· Sjogren $ ® Anti La , salivary duct Ab & gastric parietal
hemolysis ® ↓Haptoglobin & Hemopexin >> cell Ab .
↑Hemosidenuria
· Drug induced SLE no cerebral or renal involvement.
· Leuko-erythroblastic reaction ® BM infiltration ®
Gaucher + Myelofibrosis + Myelophthisic anemia · Pathergy test is ccc of Behcet's D.
· Platelets ® produced under control of · Aseptic necrosis of bone occurs with corticosteroids,
thrombopoietin ® Release VWF & Serotonin sickle cell anaemia &decompression sickness.
· No splenomegaly ® Iron deficiency + Pernicious + · Prophylaxis in gout by allopurinol.
aplastic · Lyme arthiritis is tick borne spirochete inf.
· Neutrophil hyper segmentation ® shift to the right · Terminal IJ is affected in psoriatic arthritis.
® with Megaloblastic anemia
· Behcet's $ is not associated with urethritis.
· Steroids, Mesenteric infarction & pregnancy ®
Neutrophilia · Rheumatoid is associated with tissue DR3.
· Extra articular manifestation in Rh.D occurs with high
titre of Rh.F.

9 - RHEUMATOLOGY · Cytoid(colloid) bodies in retina occurs with SLE--.

· Arthritis mutilans occurs in psoriasis.
· Shrinking lung $ occurs in SLE. · Onion skin spleen ® SLE.
· Vacuitis causing saddle nose ® wegner's. · In SLE Anti Ro crosses placenta ® fetal conduct
· In drug induced SLE ther's +ve antihistone Ab. defects.

· Painful swelling in back of knee in pt e Rh.D is · Ankylosing spondylitis ® -ve Rh.F &-ve ANA--.
backer's cyst. · X-ray showing looser's zone osteomalacia.
· Hebrden's nodules are found in osteoarthiritis. · Paget's D ® bone pain, deafness & ↑ risk of bone
· Active SLE:- ↓C, ↑Anti ANA, ↑ Anti DNA, ↓ CRP. · Anti SS-A (Ro) & Anti SS-B (La) SS (sjogren.($
· Pills exacerbate SLE. · Anti-cardiolipin Ab &lupus anticoagulant are +ve in
· Hyper viscosity $, Ergot, Dermato-myositis, MCTD, anti-phospholipid $
Scleroderma ® Raynaud's phenomena.
· HB sAg is present with vasculitis with PAN.
· Polymyalgia rheumatic ® ↑ ESR & ck. 10 – GENERAL
· Churg Strauss ® lung is the principle organ to be
affected. · M/C cause of traveller's diarrhea is " E.coli ".
· Kawasaki D ® coronary artery aneurysm. · LAB of typhoid fever during 1st week is blood
culture.
· Wegner's granuloma causing +ve C- ANCA.
· Serum sickness ® type 3 hypersensitivity.
· Anti RNP Ab +ve in MCTD.
· Thiamine def leading to PN.
· Wegner's classic triad includes kidney, upper RES tract
& lower RES tract. · Malta fever caused by Br.Abotus.
· Sero –ve arthirits include sacroilitis, iritis, · Salmonella cause pyelonephritis , osteomyelitis &
endocarditis. & MM
· Wool sorter’s dis caused by Anthrax. · Good pasture $ is type 2 HS (cytotoxic)
· Botulism cause des paralysis, No sensory , ptosis , · Contact dermatitis type 4 HS
Diplopia & bulbar palsy.
· Herpex labialis is classically seem in lobar pneumonia
· Pontiac fever caused by legionella.
· Roman’s sign is found in trypanosoma cruzi
· Weil's dis cause conj suffusion, Azotemia, Meningism
· hydatid disease diagnostic
and leukocytosis.
· Aspiration ® anaphylaxis treatment by albendazole.
· Periodic fever occurs with lymphoma, brucella , FMF.
· Cysticercosis occurs in T.solium treatment by
· Q-fever is tr to humans by ticks.
albendazole.
· EBV is ass with IMN, Burkett’s lymphoma,
· Hypothermia caused by panhypopit , peripheral cir
nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
failure (shock) , Myxedema.
· IMN cause splenomegaly, Ampicillin skin rash , positive
· Diphtheria does not : Meningitis.
monospot.
· Rose spot occurs in typhoid fever.
· Bornholm's dis (pleureodynia) caused by Cosachi B
virus. · Charcot joint occur in DM , Tabes D & leprosy.
· River blindness is due to onchocerciasis. · Measles does not ® P. NeuropathY.
· Pneumocystis carnii tt by co-trimoxsole (sutrim) or · Hypomagnesemia occurs with loop D , not with
pentamidine. uremia.
· Rectal biopsy is diagnostic in B, Amoebiasis and · Hyperphosphatemia occur with hypopara , excess
Amyloidosis. G.Hs , uremia , hemolysis , Rhabdo-myolysis.
· Pin point pupil occurs in pontine hge , opiates , OP ® · Primary amyloidosis does not involve brain.
not by imipramine (TCA)
· Sabre tibia is seen in Achondroplasia.
· Stool impaction , atrophic vaginitis ® urinary
· Pyridoxine used in preg induced vomiting,
incontinence in the elderly
sideroblastic anemia and with INH.
· Effects of aging on drug metabolism is due to ¯ lean
· Richest source of vit B12 is meat and dairy products.
body mass , ¯ renal excretion , ¯ plasma binding
· Normal s.ca is 9-11 or 8.5-10.5 mg/dl.
· Ass with Aging ® ­uric acid , ­s. globulin , ­ ALP
· Diminished renal excretion of uric acid occur with
· 4th HS in elderly not significant
lead (saturnine gout).
· Alzheimer's dis is ttt by Donazepril
· Homocysteine lowering therapy by folate , B6 and B12.
· TNF produced by T cells , Monocyte & MQ
· Methyl alcohol poisoning ® blindness.
· Sickle cell anemia , polyposis coli , Alport 's $ are
· Paracetamol poisoning treatment by N-acetylcysteine.
single gene disorders
· Tylosis ® hypeskeratosis of sole and palm.
· Haemochromatosis is a disorder in chromosome
number 6 · IV ethanol is used in methyl alcohol Toxicity.
· Papilloma virus ® cancer cervix
· Crentzfeldt jakob dis caused by prioms NOTES FROM PREVIOUS
· Herpangina caused by cosachi
· Coxiella burnetti (Q-fever) endocarditis usually
EXAMS
affecting Aotic valve
· Pain of pericardial ® ¯ by sitting and leaning forward
· Toxic shock $ caused by staph aureus
· Erythema nodosum not included in criteria of rh.f-
· Skin turgor is best ex over clavicle or the sternum
· NSAIDS, cyclosporine, lidocine ,erythropoetine ®
· Tangier's dis ® hypocholest hypertension
· Amyloidosis occurs with bronchitis , Rh.D , leprosy , TB · Bronchogenic carcinoma ® ­ ADH & not DI
· Stabbed man , trachea shifted away from side of ( copd ) , but not in CRF
lesion , diagnosis is ( hemothorax ) ® pl effusion ® · kinetic tremors don't occur in parkinsonism
dullness
· ALZHEIMER ® impaired short term memory
· Bilateral hilar L.N caused by sarcoidosis , lymphoma ,
TB · ECT Is not helpful in panic
· Alcoholic pt with cough , bad odour sputum mostly · Social phobia ® fair of talking to public
due to aspiration lung ads
· Delusions is false fixed belief
· Streptomycin, pyrenzinamide should be avoided in
· Back pain radiated to ll mostly mechanical , also it is
pregnancy ( especially streptomycin ) -
increased with movement
· Low dose of aspirine is contraindicated in gout as it
· Inflammatory backache: ­ with rest and ¯by
decrease urate excretion -
movement < ­ by ESR , ­ with CRP
· Pupils are dilated with hypoglycemic coma -
· s. uric acid may be normal in Gout
· Predictable hepato toxic is seen paracytamol toxicity
· Allopurinol may be ppt attach of gouty arthritis , so
· Gum Hypertrophy occur with AML ( MS) ie ?????? it is better avoided in acut attacks
leukemia also hypertrophy occur with scurvey ,
· Coma with fever is due to malaria , pontine he , heat
phenytoin therapy
stroke , meningioencephalitis
· Irritable Bowel $ ® abd pain ¯with defecation.
· The main goal of geriatric medicine is improving
· Long history of PU followed by projectile vomiting functions quality of life in elderly pt ( > 6o yrs )
suggested to be gastric outlet obstruction ( pyloric obs .)
· Deep heat is contraindicated is malig
· GERD is due to low resting oes sphincter.
· titling table test to diagnose & ttt postural
· U. colitis ® diffuse colonic Hyperemia with erosions hypotension
and crypt absecesses
· Mania. schizoid , catatonia . Obsession. depression
· To prevent NSAIDS gastritis ® give ( p.G analogue ® excitement , BUT NOT in dissociative disorder
e.g misoprestol or give cox2 therapy
· u colitis ® diarrhea , abd pain + arthropathy
· Pt with liver cirrhosis with hematemesis no gastritis
· ribo flavin ( ttt hcv ) leads to hemodialysis
or oes with endoscopy so mostly the cause is congestive
gastropathy. · Sea food , shell fish, Shrimps ® hypersensitivity type
1 reaction
· Pt with IHD + OES varices ® Best TTT ® Andral
· Cystic fibrosis diagnosed by ­ sweat chloride test
· Pregnancy , thyrotoxicosis, liver disease , rh D ®
palmar erythema · rh chorea ttt by low dose neuroleptic and haloperidol
· Morphine is contraindicated in biliary colic · We Add vit B6 with INH to inhibit P.N.
· :upus anti-coagulant is +ve in anti-phospholipid $ ® · solitary thyroid nodule ist to investigate with thyroid
thrombophilia scan then fine needle aspiration as patial ( hemi
thyroidectomy) with microscopic ex
· fever , LN enlargement , itching suggested to
lymphoma ® LN biopsy is important · HF ® urine ¯ Na
· Erythropoietin is ¯ in polycythemia · Osteoporosis usually associated with normal serum ca ,
p , alk. P.
· Anti-thyroid drugs ® fever , sore throat as it ®
neutropenia · F4 , TGA , eisenmengers s , ebstein anomaly ®
central cyanosis
· Type 3 hypersensitivity is Imm. complex
· Od age with recurrent attacks of vertigo suspect
· Fatty casts occur in nephrotic syndrome
vertebrobasilar (TIAS)
· -oliguria is urine volume < 400 ml /D
· Tempro parietal lesion ® wernicke's
· ­P in CRF ® 2ry hyper-PTH , itching peri articular
· Temporal lesion or partial aphasia lesion ®
Calcif.
homonymous quadrantanopia
· ¯K , ­Ca ® enhance digitalis toxicity.
· P++ itself may cause dyspnea
· ­ Serum bicarb. occur with sever vomiting , ¯k , cor-pul
· Gancyclovir is effective against CHV constipation
· Hypo-albuminemia with pneumonia suggest high · Pain of pericarditis may be aggravated by
mortality movement ( ­ by lying down and ¯ by sitting up )
· pt with nasal polyps develop arthritis attack when · alpha methyl dopa , hydralazine ® Safe in
received aspirin or NSAIDS ( anti PG) Pregnancy
· ¯ Or ­ K, pregnancy , hyper thyroid , depression . · 1st step in ttt of saver ­ k ® ca gluconate infusion
increased ca ® constipation
· Chest inf. Related to diarrhea through Antibiotics
· MV prolapse ® mid systolic click & late systolic
· Huntington's choria occur at age of 30-40 yrs ,
murmur
sydneham's chorea at younger age
· eradication oh H. pyloris is important in ttt of MALT
· CKD ® increase of serume amylase (decrease
(mucosa associated lymphoid tissue)
clearance)
· DM ® NASH ( non alcoh staeto hepatitis)
· Motor N. D ® fasiculations of ms , also there is hyper
· detection of early diabetic nephropathy is by micro reflexia in spite of wasting of ms
albuminuria
· Brain stem infarction ch.ch by hemiplegia . vertigo
· Gall stones ® Acute pancreatitis and diplopia ( cr .NS)
· infections agents associated with development & · Obesity predisposes to type 2 DM
malignancy are:
· Factor VII ¯ ® ­ PT ( extrinsic pathway )
ü EBV
· Pneumonia associated with herpes labials. vit b12
ü HCV ® ???? Spastic para p.
ü H. pylori · Acute liver failure ® mannitol to ¯ brain edema
ü HIV inf · LVF is common cause of RVF.
ü HBV · Disorders in intrinsic pathway ® increase ptt
ü papilloma virus · Hepato-renal $ ® Na < 10 meq / l
· NSAIDS ® inhibit mucosal repair in peptic ulcer · initial ttt of acute sever athma o2 + salbutamol by
· Mesenteric's disease (large gastric??) , CRF. IBD, cancer nebulizer
stomach, cancer oes ® protein losing arthropathy. · Streptokinase is useful in pulm . embolism ® esp. if
· Carcinoid s/s ® flushing , diarrhea , bronchospasm , massive

· 1ry biliary cirrhosis ® 2nd dyslipidemia · cholestyramine bind bile acid ® diarrhea

· Marfan $ ® AI , sublaxation eye lense · Physical ex of Na value in pt with angina pectoralis

· Lithium ® nephrogenic DI with ­serum Na ???? · Prophylaxis of meningit. by vaccine (as regard
osmolarity & ¯ osmolarity of urine contact rifampicin or ciprofloxacine )

· Gout ® chronic Kidney Ds. · Normally VP decreased during inspiration

· Hyper-PTH ® cystic bone disease · Myxedema may be associated with Barret's oes

· Conn's s/s ® ¯k hypertension · Conj of bilirubin occur in microsomes of hepatocytes

· Motor aphasia = expression aphasia · Pt is not recovered after correction (Dys-inhibitional

$)
· Rhabdomyolysis occur with sever exersion ®
myoglobinemia , acut renal failure · ACE , ARBS used in diabetics for renal protection -

· ­HDL is protection against IHD · Disease Of small intestine causing malabsorption are
best diag. by jujenal biopsy
· Acute G.N ® RBCS casts in urine
· Alcoholic intoxication doesnot ® seizures
· Acute interst. Nephritis ® WBCS casts
· Screening for hypo thyroid is by TSH ( sensitivity )
· -???????? Ttt by increase dietary fibers
· Benzodiazepines are not anti psychiatric
· Lasix. Thiazides ® ¯ k ® ms wasting, fatigue,
· Gastric ulcer may be malig , there is no hyper ??? of
acid . pt in anorexic & malnourished · Polycythemia rubra vera ® PVD or cerbro vascular
accident
· Hypo PTH ® cataract , epilepsy
· Acromegally ® hypertension, heart failure , carpal s ,
· U. colitis ccc. by pseudo polyposis
and goiter
· Cancer pancreas ® depression symptoms
· 1ry panhypopituitarism start with cortisol therapy
· Most patients with hepatitis c are asymptomatic
· 1ry Wilson disease, s. cr decrease, urine cr increase
· Circulating anti A.ch Ab present in myasthenia gravis
· Crohns disease ® hyperoxaluria ® renal stones
· Persistent ­ amylase in acute pancreatitis
· Acute liver failure ® increase pt and not decrease
suggestive to developing pseudo pancreatic cyst
albumin
· Nihilistic delusions ® occur in depression not mania
· s3 on the apex is not present e M.s
· primary biliary cirrhosis ® xanthoma of palmer
· Roth’s spot in fundus appear with infective
creases and eye lids
endocarditis
· G. barre $ usually precede with infection illness
· Crohn’s disease ® diarrhea(malabs), anaemia + mass
· ¯ alpha 1 anti trypsin ® cirrhosis ® emphysema in rt iliac fossa
· adrenal crises ttt by ® IV hydrocortisone & · diarrhea , wt loss , (malabs) + clubbing , arthropathy
crystalloids ( eg saline ) ,((whipple disaesa)
· entero colic fistula ® bacterial growth in GIT · M/C cause of travelers diarrhea is e coli
· anti cardiolepin AB is + in anti phospholipid syndrome · folic acid metabolism is affected by pyrimethamine
· CLL ® hypo gamma glob. · Erytheropoietin therapy ® hypertension
· CKD there is impaired urine comce !!! · jaundice + biliary system ® ask for ERCP
· CHF ® s3 · A-V nipping in fundus is not a sign of diabetic
retinopahy ,, it is present with htnsive retinopathy
· Panic attack miss diagnosed as MI . MV prolapse ,
angina or arrhythmia · acromegaly doesn’t lead to distal muscle weakness

‫ دور اول‬2008 ‫ﺗﺎﺑﻊ اﻣﺘﺤﺎن‬

· Mythaenea doesn’t lead to weakness in the smooth
muscles of the hand
· shrinking lung $ occurs in SLE
· Crest syndrome ® anti-centromer Ab
· Wegner granuloma ® saddle nose.
· No splenomegaly in ITP(igG mediated)
· Hemochrom ®Hepatoma, Pseudogout, & DM NOT DI
· M/C acute leukemia is ALL
· 1ry hyperpara is the M/C its of MEN ‫ﻋﻣوﻣﺎ‬
· FUO may be dt malignancy. Infection. Collagen. drugs
· Hemophilic acromegally ® haemoarthrosis
· Autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with C L L
· Blind loop $ ® malabs $ ® megalo anaemia
· Least risk for endocarditis is A S D
· Heinz bodies in Rbcs present in G6PD
· Anti Ro ® congenital heart defect (SLE)
· The larva of Ascaris and ankylostoma reach the lung
· Pernicious anemia ® ­ I bilirubin ® ­ causing couph and bronchospasm
ADH(intramedullary hemolysis)
· Mallory weiss $ ® haematemsis in alcoholics
· The best Ab for meningitis is binzyl penicillin
· Recurrent pul. Emboli ® core pulmonale
· Parkinsonisim ® bradykinesia or hypokinesia
· Sickle cell anemia (no splenomegally)
· Primary aldosternoisim ® ¯ K
· FUO in farmer ® brucella, chronic salmonelosis
· ALP from hepatic sinusoidal and canlicular membrane
· Haemodialysis is not effective in digitalis toxicity
· In aplastic anemia ® ¯ Retics + BM trephine is
required to confrim diagnosis · HOCM usually include M.I
· UTI diagnosed by morning mid-stream sample. · 2ry adrenal insufficiency ® no hyperpig
· Tb meningitis is mostly associated with miliary Tb · Spherocytosis ® osmotic fragility is not ­ in RBCs
· Intrinsic asthma ® Ig A
· Des gamma carboxy prothrombin is more specific for
PSYCHIATRY EXAMS
hepatoma , alfa feto protein is more sensitive
· Pseudo memb. Enterocolitis ttt by vancomycin oral or
(2008, 2009, 2010)
by flagyl
· Negative symptoms is bad prognostic symptoms in
· EBV not related to Hodgkin lymphoma but related to schizophrenia
non hodjkin Also it is not related to Kaposi
· No nihilistic delusions in mania but occurs in
· Drug induced lupus ® +ve anti-histone depression
· Reversed splitting of s2 occurs w lf BBB · suicide mat occur in panic, depression, previous
suicidal attempts but not occur in somatoform disorders
· Pheochromocytoma ttt start e prazosine
· ECT used for schizophrenia, catatonia but not for panic
· Selective Beta blocker are contra indicated in bronchia
asthma · Delusion is a false fixed belief
· Hematuria with dysmorphic RBCa ® glomerular · Social phobia is fear of talking to public
hematuria ,
· Tendency to ­ the dose of substance to get the same
· Normal looking RBCS ® non glomerular no need for effect is called tolerance
biopsy
· Aggressive behavior ttt is by high potency neuroleptic
· Pseudo pseudo hypo para ® normal ca & P
· Anxiety ttt by advice and support, cognitive therapy,
· DIC occur with acute myeloid leukemia relaxation and pharmacological therapy
· Rheumatoid with swelling in poplit fossa = Baker's · Suicidal attempts is considered to be serious if ther are
cyst hopelessness, use of serious method ,well planning by the
patient and previous suicidal attempts
· Upper UTI ® bact coated by Ab in urine
· Excitement occurs with mania, paranoid schizophrenia
· Diabetic nephropathy , renal impairment , MM, pt
,dissociative disorders but not with OCD
under ACE ® liable to contrast nephropathy
· Criteria of borderline personality include impulsivity,
· Heart failure ® ­ANP & BNP
unstable and emotionally unstable but no sexulaization of
· ¯ Thiamine ® p neuropathy non-sexual objects
· optic neuritis is a common presenting finding in M.S ( · Alcohol toxicity causes slurred speech,delirium
unilateral optic neuritis ) ,unsteady gait but not seizures
· Diuretic therapy & psychogenic polydipsia ® hypo · Paranoid schizophrenia is characterized by grandiose
natremia delusions
· COPD ® air way obst. Is partially reversible
· Thiazolidinedions enhance insulin action
· Platelet release VWF, serotonin
‫ﺟﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ إﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎت ﺳﺎﺑﻘﮫ و‬
· DKA k is increased presentation (acid arise) , CO2
washed , ¯HCO3 , ­TLC (infection)
‫ﻣﺼﺎدر أﺧﺮى‬
· Pneumonia , pulm embolism ® type 1 respiratory
· LMW heparin ® low risk of osteporosis, no need for
failure
coagulation profile, low risk of thrombocytopenia
· Coxsackie ® Acue Pericarditis
· Pulmonary embolism ® inverted T wave (v1 to v4)
· PND or cardiac asthma are impending pulm edema
· Cognitive functions don’t include perception
· Hysterical fits ( in front of audience )
· Folic acid metabolism is affected by Pyremathamine
· hydralazine ® drug induced SLE
· 1ry TB may be asymptomatic
· Most hypertensive are asymptomatic
· Methotrexate inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
· Nitrate role in IHD is to decrease VR decreasing the
preload
· Hemiballismus is subthalamic nucleus lesion
· Quinolones inhibit DNA gyrase
· Serotonin agonists abort the attack of migraine
· Sulphonylurea ® ¯ hepatic glycogenolysis
· Diseases acquired from animals leptospirosis and Q
fever, leptospirosis causes hemorrhagic rash
· HIV is an RNA retrovirus
· Brucellosis ® night sweats and arthritis
· Penicillins and cephalosporins are bactericidal and
contain B lactam rings
· Zidovudine treats retroviruses
· Liver abs are identified by sonar or CT
· Silver wire appearance in glomeruli suggests lupus
nephritis
· CRP is associated with atherosclerosis
· Rh d ® thrombocytosis and increase ferritin(phase
reactants)
· CRF ® ¯ Ca and Hb and increase P, AL, K and
parathyroid hormone
· MM ® ­ serum Ca and uric acid but not ALP