Genetics problems

Monohybrid crosses- crossesin which the expressionof only one

characteris studied.

L In the commongardenpea(pr umsativum),the genefor red flower color

(R) is_dominantto the genefor white flower color (i). If a homozygous
red
plantis crossedwith a white plant,whatwill bethe genotype
of iheloffspringr
If two membersof the Fl generationarecrossedwitlh eachother,what
will b"e
the genotypesandphenotypesofthe F2 generation?

2. In guineapigs (Caviaporcellus), the genefor rough coatis dominant

to
the genefor a smoothcoat. If a homozygous roughcoatedanimalis matedwith
a smoothcoatedone,what will the Fl progeny(offspring) look like?
What
will be the phenotypesof offspring producedwhen:-
A. two ofthe Fl offspringarecrossed?
B. an Fl offspringis backcrossedwith thesmoothparent?
C. an Fl offspring is back crossedwith the roughparent?

3..ln the gar^denpea,the genefor tall plantsis dominantto the genefor

short (dwarfl plants. A tall plant is crossedwith a dwarf one and of
% the
offspring aretall and % ofthe offspring aredwarf. What arethe genotypes
of
the parents?

4. Two roughcoatedguineaspigs werebredtogetherandproduced2

rough
coatedand4 smoothcoatedoffspring.
A. What were the genotypesof th'eparents?
B. What percentof the offspring canbe expectedto be homozygous
for rough coat?
C. What percentof the offspring canbe expectedto be smoothcoated?

5. In humans(Homosapiens),thepresence of a widow'speak(B) is dominant

to a continuoushairline(b). A manwith a widow's peakmarriesa
womanwith a
continuoushairline andthey have r 1 children. All oi the children have
a
widow's peak. What are the genotypesof the father,motherand all
l l children?
6. Jim hasa continuoushairlineandbothofhis parentshavea widow,speak.
Michelle hasa widow's peak. Jim andMichelli haveonechild that
hasa
continuoushairline. Whatarethegenotypes of Jim,Michelle,all of their
paxents,andtheir child?

7' The abilifyto tastephenylthiocarbamide (prc) is determined

by a dominant
gene(T). Individualswho cantastepTC arecalledtasters.
A manwho is a
tasterand hasa non-tastermothermarriesa womanwho is a taster.
Shehas
five siblings,threeofwhom arenon-tasters.what arethe chances
that the
children of this marriagewill be non{asters?

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 8. In cattle (.Bostaurus), the homless(polled) gene(P) is dominantto the
genefor homs(p). A polledbull is bredwith threedifferentcows. Cow #l
is homedandshegivesbirth to a polled calf. Cow #2 is hornedand she
givesbirth to a homedcalf. Cow #3 is polled andshegivesbirth to a horned
calf. What are the genotypesof the four parents?What arethe phenotypic
ratiosthatyou wouldexpectto seefrom furthermatingsbetweenthese4 cattle?
.
q"-SFt-o white sheep(ovis aries) mateatd 25yo of theoffspringareblack.
p- Whatarethe genotypes of theparents?

10.ln mice(Mzs musculus), yellow coatcolor @) is dominantto black(e).

The homozygous condition(EE) is lethalandit kills embryossoonafter
fertilization.Iftwo yellow micearecrossed,whatgenotypes would you expectand
in whatratio? Whatphengtypes would you expectandin whatratio?

I 1. A roughcoatedguineapig is crossedwith a smoothcoatedguineapig and

24 of theft24 offspringareroughcoated.Whatwould bethe expected
phenotypicratiosfrom the followingcrosses:
A. Inbreed2 membersof the Fl generation
B. Backcrossoneof theFl guineapigswith the smoothparent
C. Backcrossoneof theFl guineapigswith theroughparent

12.Two black fdmaleskinks(Eumecesanthracinus)arecrossedwith a brown

male. In severalclutches,female#1 produced9 black and7 brown offspring and
female# 2 produced17black offspring. From this information,what
assumptions canyou makeabouthow blackandbrowncoloris inheritedin skinks?
What arethe genotypesof the threeparents?

13. In Andalusianfowls (Gallusgal/as), black plumage(feathers)is dominant

to white and the heterozygousconditionresultsin blue plumage. what phenotypes,and
in whatratios,will resultif you breada blueAndalusianwith a A) blackbird, B) blue
bird, andc) white bird? Is it possibleto producea flock ofblue birdsthatwill produce
only blue offspring when matedwith eachother? Why?

14.In the Michiganlily (Lilium michiganense), red flowercolor(R) is

incompletelydominantto yellow (r). Theheterozygous flowersareorange.A red
floweredMichiganlily is crossedwith a yellow floweredone.
A. Whatwill themembersof the Fl generation look like?
B. Give thephenotypicratio of the offspringif a mernberof the
Fl generationis back crossedwith the red parent
C. Give the phenotypicratio of the offspring is a memberof the
Fl generationis backcrossedwith the yellow parent
D. Give the phenotypicratio of the offspring from a crossof two
F I individuals

15.Whenyellow guineapigsarecrossedwith white ones,theyonly produce

creamcoloredoffspring. Two creamcoloredguineapigswerecrossedandthey
produced23 yellow, 45 creamand 19 white offspring. What type of inheritance
is this?

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 sex-linkedGenes- crossesin which the genefor the characteris located
on oneof the 2 sexchromosomes

16.In humans,the genefor red-greencolorblindnessis locatednearthetelomereof theq

armof theX cfuomosome.Red-green colorblindness
is the inabilityto distinguish
betweenshadesof red, brown and green. The geneis expressedasiecessivea'ndnormal
colorvisionis the dominantallele.
A. If a homozygous normalwomanmarriesa color_blindman,what
arethechancesthatany of theirchildrenwill be color_blind?
B. If a color-blindwomanmarriesa normalvisionman,whichof
herchildrenwill be color-blind?
C. Why is it a commonbeliefthatonly mencanbe color_blind?

17.A color-blindwomanhasa color-blindbrother,andtheirmotherhasnormalcolor

vision. with referenceto colorvision,whatis thegenotypeof boththeir parents?If the
brothermarriesa womanwith the samegenotypeashis mother,what kind of color visior.
will their daughtersandsonshave,andin what ratios?

In humans,hemophiliais inheritedasa recessive

_1_8. allelelinkedto theX chromosome.
Hemophiliais a disorderthatresultsin the failureof bloodto clot. A manundu *o*un
who areboth normalclottershavetkee childrennamedAmy, Hany andMary. Harry
is
a hemophiliac,who hasa normalclottingdaughter.Mary hasnormalclottingbtooaaad
shehastwo sons,oneof whom is a hemophiliac.Amy andher five sonsare-allnormal
clotters..What arethe probablegenotypesfor the 2 grandparents, 3 children and g
grandchildren?

19.h the fruit fly (Drosophirameranogaster),the genefor red eyecolor (R) is dominant
overwhite (r) andis locatedon theX chromosome.what is theiistribution (ratio)
of eye
colorsamongthe maleandfemaleoffspringin eachof the following
A. white-eyedfemalecrossedred-eyedmale ".o.r".?
B. heterozygous red-eyedfemalecrossedwhite-eyedmale
C. heterozygous red-eyedfemalecrossedred-eyedmale

Multiple alleles- crossesin which more two anelesare available

20' Bloodtype(A' B' AB ando) in humansis determined by threepossiblealreles(IA,

IB, i) locatedon chromosome#9. The LA,and IB allelesareco-dominant.Determine
tire
genotypesof the following parents:
I JVp" e father& TypeA motherwith childrenofall four bloodtypes
I IVp" AB father& TypeB motherwith 25%T1peA,25%Type AB & 50%TypeB
C. Both parentsof TypeA blood with.ls% TypeA and 25%TypeO chitdren

21.Mistakesweremadein thematemitywardandtwo setsof parentsclaim to

be therealparentsofone child. Situation1 - thechild hasTypeAB blood,
Mother#1 hasTypeB blood,Father#l hasTypeB blood,Mother#2 hasiype B
uJg9f.an{Eatuer#2 hasType A brood. who doesthe child belongto? situation -
z the
child hasTypeO blood,Mother#l hasTypeB blood,Farher#l hasTypeA blood,
Mother#2 hasTypeB bloodandFather#2 hasTypeAB blood. who doesthe
chiid
belongto?
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Dihybrid Crosses- crossesin which inheritanceof two charactersare
studied
22.lf ahomozygoustall, homozygous red floweredplantis crossedwith a short,white
floweredplant,whatwill be thegenotypeandphenotypeofall the Fl offspring?

23. A PTC tasterwith a widow's peakmarriesa PTC tasterwith a continuoushairline.

Therefirst child is a non-tasterandhasa continuoushairline. What is the probability of
having anotherchild with thesetwo traits?

24. A man who is a PTC tasterwith a continuoushairline marriesa pTC tasterwith a

widow's peak. Theyhavetwo children,onewith a widow'speakwho is a non-taster and
the otherwho hasa continuoushairlineandis a PTCtaster.Themanremarriesandhas9
childrenwho areal1PTC tasterswith widow's peaks.His secondwife hasthe same
phenotypeastheir 9 children. Whatarethe genotypes ofthis manandhis two wives?

25. In humans,freeearlobes(E) aredominantto attachedearlobes(e), andthe allelefor

hypercholesterolemia (H) is dominantto thenormalcondition(h). Hypercholesterolemia
resultsin severelyelevatedblood cholesterollevelsandhigh risk of heart attack. What
gametescanbe producedby the following parentsandwhat arethe phenotypicand
genotypicratios in the offspring producedby eachof thesecrosses?
A. EEhh.XeeIIH D. eeHhX Eehh
B. EeHHX eehh E. EeHhX eehh
C. EeHhX EeHH F. EeHhx EeHh

26. A white guineapig with a roughcoatis matedwith a blackguineapig with a smooth

coat. All of theFl offspringareblackandrough. Givethephenotypicandgenotypic
ratiosofthe F2 offspringproducedby matingtwo ofthe Fl individuals.

27. In cottontail rabbits(SylvilagusJloridanus),black coatcolor (B) is dominantto brown

(b) and long hair (L) is dominantto short(1). What genotypesandphenotypeswill result
if a heterozygousblack, heterozygouslong hair rabbit is matedwith a brown. shorthair
rabbit?

28. ln cattle,red coatcolor is co-dominant

with white andtheheterozygouscondition
resultsin a colorcalledroan. If a homozygous polled,redcow is matedwith a homed,
white bull, whatwill be thephenotypes ofthe Fl andF2 generations?

29. A manwith normalcolor visionandTypeB bloodmarriesa womanwith normal

colorvision andTypeA blood. Theyhavetwo children,a color-blindboy with TypeA
blood and a girl with normal color vision andtype O blood. What arethe genotypesof
the parents?

30. A PTC non-tasterman with color blindnessmarriesa womanandtheir first child is a

boy that is a PTC non-tasterandcolor blind. What can you assumeaboutthe genotypes
of thetwo paxents?Their secondchild is a girl with normalcolorvisionwho cantaste
PTC. What more can you ilssumeaboutthe genotypesof the two parents?

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